Determining the imaging plane of a retinal capillary layer in adaptive optical imaging

Even in the early stage,endocrine metabolism disease may lead to micro aneurysms in retinal capillaries whose diameters are less than 10 μm.However,the fundus cameras used in clinic diagnosis can only obtain images of vessels larger than 20 μm in diameter.The human retina is a thin and multiple layer tissue,and the layer of capillaries less than10 μm in diameter only exists in the inner nuclear layer.The layer thickness of capillaries less than 10 μm in diameter is about 40 μm and the distance range to rodcone cell surface is tens of micrometers,which varies from person to person.Therefore,determining reasonable capillary layer(CL) position in different human eyes is very difficult.In this paper,we propose a method to determine the position of retinal CL based on the rodcone cell layer.The public positions of CL are recognized with 15 subjects from 40 to 59 years old,and the imaging planes of CL are calculated by the effective focal length of the human eye.High resolution retinal capillary imaging results obtained from 17 subjects with a liquid crystal adaptive optics system(LCAOS) validate our method.All of the subjects' CLs have public positions from 127 μm to 147 μm from the rodcone cell layer,which is influenced by the depth of focus.     

基于智能手机的眼底成像系统

眼底成像技术可检测临床视网膜组织状态,其检测结果已成为多种眼底疾病诊断的重要依据。然而,传统的眼底成像系统需要专业医护人员操作,且具有体积大、价格昂贵等缺点。随着智能手机的图像采集、存储、数据传输等功能的不断提升,基于智能手机的眼底成像系统可有效弥补传统眼底成像系统的上述缺陷。在本研究中,我们设计了照明和成像光路并利用3D打印技术将其小型化,通过与智能手机相结合实现了对人眼视网膜图像的采集。结果表明,基于智能手机的眼底相机距离模拟眼的工作距离约为17 mm,安置于体积仅为88 mm×79 mm×42 mm(长×宽×高)的手机外设配件中。随后,利用Zemax对系统光学参数进行了进一步优化。经优化后的成像系统,畸变保持在0. 2%范围内,场曲小于10μm。该系统具有便携性良好、无创、价格低廉等优点,未来可用于多种眼底疾病的社区筛查工作。     

Optical filter with tunable wavelength and bandwidth based on cholesteric liquid crystals

An optical filter with tunable wavelength and bandwidth has been demonstrated using two cholesteric liquid crystals configured in a reflection mode, in which the incident light is first reflected by one cholesteric liquid crystal and then by the other one. The central wavelength can be tuned from 527 nm to 574 nm and the bandwidth can be changed from 10 nm to 80 nm. It has potential applications in many fields, especially in optical communications and multispectral and hyperspectral imaging systems.     

Observation of resonance electronic and non‐resonance‐enhanced vibrational natural Raman optical activity

Natural resonance electronic Raman optical activity (ROA) is observed for the first time. Coincidently, the first example of vibrational ROA enhanced by low‐lying electronic transition is reported. These new phenomena were measured using the rare‐earth complex Eu(tfc)₃ (+)‐tris[3‐trifluoroacetyl‐D ‐camphorato]europium(III), where electronic resonance occurs between the 532‐nm laser excitation and the ⁷F₁ → ⁵D₁ transition of the Eu³⁺ metal center. Electronic Raman spectra involve the Raman transitions terminating on the low‐lying electronic states of Eu(tfc)₃. The observed vibrational ROA spectra are enhanced relative to typical ROA spectra by the proximity of vibrational states of Eu(tfc)₃ to its low‐lying electronic states with significant magnetic‐dipole character, whereas the parent vibrational Raman spectra do not appear to be resonance‐enhanced since the 532‐nm vibrational Raman spectrum has similar relative intensities to the corresponding Raman spectrum measured with 1064‐nm laser excitation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modification of erbium photoluminescence excitation spectra for the emission wavelength 1.54 μm in mesoscopic structures

Photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra for the emission wavelength 1.54 μm were studied for erbium-doped xerogels embedded in artificial opals and porous anodic alumina films. Opals were chosen with photonic stop-band in green spectral range, where excitation of 1.54 μm occurs most efficiently. In comparison to the structure erbium-doped titania xerogel/porous anodic alumina/silicon the photoluminescence excitation spectra for 1.54 μm emission wavelength significantly changes for the same xerogels embedded in artificial opals. Enhancement of erbium-related 1.54 μm emission was observed from the structure Fe₂O₃ xerogel/porous anodic alumina fabricated on silicon, having some incompletely anodized aluminium, under excitation with either the lasing source at 532 nm or xenon lamp. Evident difference in PLE spectra for erbium doped TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ xerogels in porous anodic alumina is observed.     

舌体高光谱的高血压患者中合并冠心病的筛查方法

高血压合并冠心病是高血压疾病的一类严重合并症.目前高血压患者对合并冠心病的情况检测不及时,容易导致严重事件的发生,其致残率、致死率极高,严重影响患者的生活质量.因此对高血压患者合并冠心病的早期发现对预防更严重事件的发生显得尤为重要.舌体信息与心血管功能关系密切,为此,提出一种基于舌体高光谱用于高血压患者中合并冠心病筛查...     

Raman optical activity spectra: basis set and electron correlation effects

Raman and vibrational Raman optical activity (ROA) spectra have been calculated for three molecules: H₂O₂, CHDTF and CHDTOH. The effects of electron correlation on the ROA parameters of these relatively small systems have been investigated by means of the multiconfigurational self-consistent field (SCF) approach. A range of correlation-consistent basis sets has been used in the calculations. The basis set convergence of the calculated ROA parameters is fairly well achieved when sets of at least d-aug-cc-pVTZ quality are used. On the other hand, the aug-cc-pVDZ set seems to be sufficient for a qualitative analysis. Diffuse functions, possibly a double set, are essential to ensure a good quality of the calculated ROA spectrum. In most cases the sign and approximate magnitude of the ROA are correctly predicted at the SCF level, and the corresponding ROA spectra should be considered qualitatively accurate.     

基于红边位置提取验证成像与非成像高光谱数据的一致性

定量遥感是当前遥感发展的前沿,作物组分信息解析是农业定量遥感的研究热点,而成像高光谱技术为解决微观尺度的作物组分信息探测研究提供了强有力的手段.利用成像光谱仪( pushbroom imaging spectrometer,PIS)与地物光谱仪(FieldSpec ProFR2500,ASD)同步收集冬小麦、玉米不同生...     

Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy for in vivo imaging of single capillaries

Capillaries, the smallest blood vessels, are the distal end of the vasculature where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged between blood and tissue. Hence, noninvasive imaging of capillaries and function in vivo has long been desired as a window to studying fundamental physiology, such as neurovascular coupling. Existing imaging modalities cannot provide the required sensitivity and spatial resolution. We present in vivo imaging of the microvasculature including single capillaries in mice using optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) developed in our laboratory. OR-PAM provides a lateral resolution of 5 microm and an imaging depth >0.7 mm.     

Optimization of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy tips for high resolution magnetic force microscopy by micromagnetic simulations

Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) tip coated with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy film (PMA tip) is one of the choices for high resolution imaging at low scan height (SH), since it has negligible tip–sample interaction related to its stable magnetic state, sharp, and small tip stray field. In this work, detailed micromagnetic studies are carried out to understand the effect of geometrical and magnetic parameters including the cone angle θ of the PMA tip, intergrain exchange constant $A_{2}^{*}$ , saturation magnetization M _s and uniaxial crystalline anisotropy constant K ₁ of the tip coating on the MFM tip resolution. To evaluate the resolution performance of the optimized PMA tip, MFM images of high-density granular recording media and patterned media are simulated. We find that, for the PMA tip and its coating, a cone angle in a range of 36.9^° to 53.1^°, a saturation M _s of 700 emu/cm³, a large uniaxial crystalline anisotropy constant K ₁ (>4.9×10⁶ erg/cm³) and a high intergrain exchange constant $A_{2}^{*}$ of (0.3–1.0)×10^?6 erg/cm are optimized conditions for high resolution imaging. The optimized PMA tip has an excellent performance on imaging of high-density thin film media (bit size of 8×16 nm²) at low SH of 2–8 nm and bit pattern media with a pitch of 50 nm, edge-edge spacing of 5–15 nm at SH of 8–15 nm.     

Aspects of crystal growth within carbon nanotubes

The comparative crystallisation and HRTEM imaging properties of simple binary halides formed by the alkali iodides MI (M = Li, K, Na, Rb and Cs) within single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are described. The most common structure type observed within SWNTs is the rocksalt archetype, although CsI was observed to form both bcc and rocksalt structure types. In SWNTs forming in the 1.2–1.6 nm diameter range, all of the incorporated halides showed preferred orientation, with the 〈100〉 growth direction predominating for rocksalt-type packing and 〈112〉 so far observed exclusively for bcc packing. Crystals with dimensions spanning 2–6 atomic layers thickness in projection invariably exhibited lattice expansions that were attributed predominantly to a net reduction in coordination at the crystal-carbon interface. The crystallisation behaviour of UCl₄–KCl and AgI–AgCl eutectic melts was compared in carbon nanotubes of different diameters and a pronounced ordering influence over the normally glassy melts was observed in narrower capillaries. HgI₂ crystallised within nanotubes with ultra-narrow (i.e., 0.8 nm) capillaries were observed to form helical 2 ×1 layer crystals. To cite this article: J. Sloan et al., C. R. Physique 4 (2003).     

基于LCTF调谐的高光谱成像系统设计

提出一种新的轻小型高光谱成像系统,将液晶可调谐滤光片LCTF应用于高光谱成像技术,用电调谐的LCTF代替传统的机械滤光片转轮,在可见-近红外波段上可快速地实现波长的任意调谐。系统由光学镜头、LCTF和CCD探测器组成。文章首先详细描述了系统结构、光学设计及其工作原理;再利用该成像系统,以飞艇为平台进行了野外试验,获取了高光谱立体图像,所获取的图像有较高的空间分辨率和光谱分辨率;文章给出16个波段中546～600 nm的局部图像数据,最后对图像进行初步的数据处理,推导出地物420～720 nm的光谱反射率。试验验证了该成像系统的高光谱数据成像获取能力,成像数据可应用于光谱分析。     

高光谱成像技术无损检测赣南脐橙表面农药残留研究

高光谱成像技术具备图像和光谱的双重优势,作为一种快速无损检测分析技术,检测过程无损、无污染和无接触。高光谱成像数据包括样本的图像信息和光谱信息,采集样本高光谱成像数据时,样本的每个像素点都有一条光谱与之对应,样本的每个波长都有一幅灰度图像与之对应。研究采用高光谱成像技术无损检测不同稀释浓度的农药在赣南脐橙样品表面残留随时间变化的关系。用蒸馏水把农药分别配置成1∶20, 1∶100和1∶1 000倍的溶液。然后把不同浓度的溶液滴到30个洗净的脐橙表面, 将涂有农药的脐橙分别放置0,4和20 d,然后采集在900～1 700 nm波长范围的高光谱成像原始数据。通过主成分分析获取930,980,1 100,1 210,1 300,1 400,1 620和1 680 nm共8个特征波长,基于这些特征波长做第二次主成分分析,应用PC-2图像并经过适当的图像处理方法对不同浓度及放置不同天数的农药残留进行无损检测。采用高光谱成像技术检测三个时间段较高稀释浓度的果面农药残留都比较明显。高光谱成像技术作为一种检测方法,可用于评价各个时间段较高浓度的农药残留。     

Hyperspectral high-dynamic-range endoscopic mucosal imaging

We develop a prototype endoscope system that can perform high-dynamic-range structure imaging and hyperspectral imaging. The system is used to successfully acquire the oxyhemoglobin spectrum of blood capillaries and obtain in vivo images of the various vascular pattern structures of the underside of the human tongue with high intrinsic contrast and high dynamic range. The dynamic range of the acquired high-dynamic-range mucosa image is 116.5 d B, which is 68.2 d B higher than that of the mucosa images acquired by a normal low-dynamic-range CCD. Our results demonstrate the system's tremendous potential for the clinical diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases.     

不同波长提取方法的高光谱成像技术检测番茄叶片早疫病的研究

提出了基于连续投影算法(successive projections algorithm,SPA)、载荷系数法(x-loading weights,x-LW)和格拉姆-施密特正交(gram-schmidt orthogonalization,GSO)提取特征波长的高光谱成像技术检测番茄叶片早疫病的方法。首先获取380～1 023 nm波段范围内70个健康和70个染病番茄叶片的高光谱图像信息,然后提取健康和染病叶片感兴趣区域(region of interest, ROI)的光谱反射率值,建立番茄叶片早疫病的最小二乘-支持向量机(least squares-support vector machine,LS-SVM)鉴别模型,建模集和预测集的鉴别率都是100%。再通过SPA 、x-LW和GSO提取特征波长(effective wavelengths,EW),并建立EW-LS-SVM和特征波长-线性判别分析(ew-linear discriminant analysis,EW-LDA)鉴别模型。结果显示,每个模型的鉴别效果都很好,EW-LS-SVM模型中预测集的鉴别率都达到了100%,EW-LDA模型中预测集的鉴别率分别是100%, 100%和97.83%。基于SPA, x-LW和GSO所建模型的输入变量分别是4个(492,550,633和680nm),3个(631,719和747 nm)和2个(533和657 nm),较少的特征波长便于实时检测仪器的开发。结果表明,高光谱成像技术检测番茄叶片早疫病是可行的,SPA,x-LW和GSO都是非常有效的特征波长提取方法。     

高光谱成像用于中医舌诊舌苔信息提取

舌苔信息的提取对于中医舌诊客观化起着非常重要的作用,目前中医舌苔信息提取多基于图像处理技术,用数码相机拍摄舌体RGB彩色图像,然而,现有的方法在信息量方面还不能满足中医临床的需要,为了探究舌体更多信息,本研究将高光谱成像技术用于中医舌诊舌苔信息的提取中,以获得在全波段内舌体信息进而为中医舌诊诊断方式以及客观化提供一种新途径。首先运用高光谱采集系统采集来检者舌体在371.200 0～992.956 0 nm之间的343个波长的高光谱信息,并且记录来检者的中医舌诊的临床诊断结果,然后对采集到的16例来检者的高光谱图像进行感兴趣区域提取,即将舌体信息与背景信息进行分离,进而对提取的感兴趣区域舌质与舌苔光谱信息和图像信息进行处理。由实验结果分析发现,16例来检者舌苔和舌质部分光谱差异最大波段位于525～600 nm之间,对382.108 0～963.668 0 nm之间均匀提取9个波长处的舌体单一波长的二维图像信息并进行图像绘制,通过对比来检者舌体实际情况发现在527.548 0 nm处能够很好的真实反映舌体表面舌苔附着情况,实验结果表明,高光谱技术在中医舌苔信息提取方面具有一定的可行性,能够为中医舌诊舌苔分离以及舌苔信息提取提供一种快速、简便的检测手段。     

Dependence of photoluminescence from a-Si nanoparticles on the annealing time and exciting wavelength

Thin films of SiO_x having thickness of 0.2 μm and oxygen content x=1.5 or 1.7 are prepared by thermal evaporation of SiO in vacuum. Then some samples are furnace annealed for various times (in the range ) at 770 and 970 K and some others are rapid thermal annealed at 970 K for 30 and 60 s. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements are carried out at room temperature using the 442 nm line of a He-Cd laser and the 488 nm of an Ar laser for excitation. The effect of the annealing conditions and wavelength of the exciting light on the shape of the PL from these films is explored. The deconvolution of the PL spectra measured with the 442 nm line from samples annealed at 770 K for reveals two distinct PL bands peaked at around 2.3 and 2.5 eV, which do not shift appreciably with increasing annealing time. In addition, at longer annealing times, a weak third band is resolved centred in the range 2.0-2.1 eV. It exists in the spectra of all samples annealed at 970 K being more prominent in the samples with x=1.5. The intensity of this band shows different dependences on the annealing time in the films with different initial composition. The results obtained are discussed in terms of radiative recombination via defect states in the SiO_x matrix (the 2.5 eV band) or at the a-Si-SiO_x interface (the 2.3 eV band). The band centred in the 2.0-2.1 eV range is related to recombination in amorphous silicon nanoparticles grown upon annealing.     

基于Dyson同心光学系统的消色差Féry棱镜高光谱成像仪的设计

为实现高光谱成像系统小型化、轻量化和高成像质量的要求,并使全工作波段具有更高的光学效率,提出以Féry棱镜组合作为分光元件的Dyson高光谱成像仪系统,系统中引入消色差棱镜组合以减小光谱的非线性色散,使棱镜系统色散的线性度达到较高。结果表明,可见近红外（VNIR）光谱通道的光学调制传递函数（MTF）达到0.9以上,光谱分辨率为4.2～6.8 nm。短波红外（SWIR）光谱通道的MTF达到0.73～0.87,光谱分辨率为6.4～12.5 nm。通过消色差Féry棱镜组合的设计,该光学成像系统两个光谱通道内的相对谱线弯曲均小于0.05%,色畸变小于0.13%。     

A novel Raman optical activity instrument operating in the deep ultraviolet spectral region

Raman optical activity (ROA) has been exclusively observed in the visible (VIS) and near‐infrared (NIR) spectral regions to date. During the last few years, we have designed, constructed and tested the first ROA instrument, operating in the deep‐ultraviolet (DUV) spectral region employing 244‐nm excitation. This novel DUV ROA instrument is based on a backscattering geometry and incident circular polarization modulation (ICP); it makes use of a fast DUV imaging lens‐based spectrograph and specially designed DUV grade polarization optics. The performance of this instrument has been evaluated by analysing measured non‐resonant DUV ROA spectra of non‐absorbing enantiomeric liquid samples and by comparing these with corresponding ROA spectra recorded in the visible spectral region. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

低温冷冻和机械损伤条件下马铃薯高光谱图像特征响应特性研究

开展了低温冷冻和机械损伤条件下马铃薯高光谱图像特征响应特性研究。采用卓立汉光公司Image~λ“谱像”系列高光谱相机获取完好的、低温冷冻和机械损伤条件下的光谱波段范围为387～1 035 nm的马铃薯高光谱图像;截取校正后的像素尺寸大小为60×60的马铃薯高光谱中部完好的图像并计算该区域平均反射率值;冻伤的马铃薯样本的反射光谱曲线在440,560和680 nm附近有明显吸收峰;机械损伤样本在560和680 nm附近有明显吸收峰,在680 nm附近吸收峰谷值明显低于冻伤样本;完好的马铃薯样本反射光谱曲线相对较为平滑,在560和680 nm附近未见明显吸收峰;撞伤样本在440,560和680 nm附近存在吸收峰,而在410 nm附近有一个明显的反射峰。四类马铃薯样本的反射光谱曲线特征峰值表现出一定的指纹特性,因而可以被用于后续品质特征检测分析使用。由于仪器或检测环境、光照强弱等因素影响,光谱数据中掺杂噪声,因此采用化学计量学预处理方法消除噪声的影响;随机选取70%的马铃薯四类样本的反射光谱作为训练数据,剩余的30%作为测试集;接着,利用极端梯度提升算法、类型提升算法和轻量梯度提升机算法来获取马铃薯高光谱图像的有效特征波谱,减少高维海量高光谱数据对后续品质分类模型的影响;最后,将提取到的有效特征波长构建马铃薯品质判别模型。在建立的分类模型中,使用的轻量梯度提升机+逻辑斯蒂回归达到最高的判别精度98.86%。该研究为将来高光谱图像成像技术在现代农业生产加工过程中马铃薯品质有效监测与控制提供理论基础和技术支撑。