高效率的正电子湮没2γ和3γ寿命谱仪

用大体积BaF_2(φ40mm×30mm)探测器组装正电子湮没的2γ和3γ寿命谱仪,在2γ方式下,两个BaF_2探测器构成双重符合,得到系统的时间分辨为FWHM=212ps,计数效率比塑料闪烁探测器组装的谱仪估计高10倍以上.在3γ方式下,NaI(Tl)探测器与两个BaF_2构成三重符合,合理安排三探头的几何及合理选择各能窗的位置以优化对3γ湮没事例的测量,实验表明,新系统可用于研究强度微弱的电子偶素在固体中湮没的3γ寿命谱.     

高效率的正电子湮没2γ和3γ寿命谱仪

用大体积BaF₂ (φ40mm×30mm)探测器组装正电子湮没的2γ和3γ寿命谱仪,在2γ方式下,两个BaF₂探测器构成双重符合,得到系统的时间分辨为FWHM=212ps,计数效率比塑料闪烁探测器组装的谱仪估计高10倍以上.在3γ方式下,NaI(Tl)探测器与两个BaF₂构成三重符合,合理安排三探头的几何及合理选择各能窗的位置以优化对3γ湮没事例的测量,实验表明,新系统可用于研究强度微弱的电子偶素在固体中湮没的3γ寿命谱.     

用γ-γ符合方法测量潘诺夫斯基比值

用γ-γ符合方法测量了停在氢中的负π介子的二个俘获过程的几率比。实验结果等于1.40±0.08。这个数值和利用光生π介子反应和π介子-核子散射数据推出的值是符合的。     

核军控核查符合测量系统中去除γ射线新方法

为消除γ射线的影响,在阐述核军控核查技术中的符合测量方法原理的基础上,分析了γ射线对于符合测量系统性能的影响机理,提出了一种新的去除γ射线峰的方法——拒绝窗口法.通过实验验证,利用该方法可以显著降低γ射线峰对符合测量系统性能的影响,且对子射线的去除率达到了99％,大大改善了核武器识别系统的测量效果.     

HIFRL首次在束γ实验

在兰州重离子加速器(HIRFL)上调试完成了一套在束γ核结构研究装置:SFC(ECR源)+直通管道(限束狭缝)+在束γ终端,并进行了首次在束γ实验,各项在束实验的指标,特别是中子、γ本底达到了较为理想的水平. 对¹⁶O轰击¹⁹⁷Au反应进行了在束γ测量,包括γ单谱、γ激发函数、γ角分布和γ-γ-t符合,在一些测量中,采用了独特的技术.     

用Ge(Li)探测器测量正电子3γ湮没

本文提出了用Ge(Li)探测器测量正电子3γ湮没的方法,只测量511keV峰区计数,就能确定3γ湮没与2γ湮没的相对份额。我们称这种方法为“峰法”。对“峰法”和“峰-谷法”的结果进行了比较。 关键词：     

BGO高能γ探测器性能测定与效率模拟

实验测定了两套新制作的φ75×100 BGO高能γ探测器的能量分辨与时间分辨,根据BGO晶体中Ge的热中子俘获所释放的2条高能γ射线对γ能谱作能量刻度.模拟计算了4—30MeV能量区间BGOγ探测器的全能峰效率、单逃逸率与双逃逸率,计算了入射γ光子在0—30MeV区间均匀分布时BGO探测器的实际计数响应与计数效率随γ光子能量的变化,分析了γ光子在探测介质中的能损向下延展造成的能谱扭曲.     

141Nd激发态的在束γ谱学研究

通过130Te(16O,5nγ)141Nd反应布居了141Nd的高自旋态能级. 对反应产生的在束γ射线进行了γ射线单谱和γ-γ符合测量. 建立了激发能达7614.5keV的141Nd能级纲图,新发现了12条γ射线和15个能级. 基于实验测量的γ跃迁各向异性,建议了141Nd部分能级的自旋值. 用一个h11/2价中子空穴与142Nd核芯晕态的耦合可以定性地解释141Nd的能级结构.     

γ谱测量中级联符合效应修正研究

从基本概念出发推导出了简单衰变纲图、较复杂衰变纲图和复杂衰变纲图的γ射线级联符合修正公式, 然后用这些公式计算了¹³³Ba和⁶⁰Co的γ射线级联符合修正系数, 同时指出一些文献中所给出的修正公式之不妥.     

钚体源样品γ能谱计算的蒙特卡罗方法

提出了钚体源样品γ能谱分步计算的蒙特卡罗模型和方法.采用分步和直接计算两种方法对球壳形钚体源样品的γ能谱进行了模拟计算.用实验测量的γ能谱验证了计算结果的可靠性，计算结果与实验测量值在10%的误差范围符合.通过对Steve Fetter模型的模拟计算表明：对于外面包有若干屏蔽层的钚体源样品大系统，采用分步方法进行能谱计算，可以使结果快速收敛.     

Improving electroless Cu via filling with optimized Pd activation

To improve the via fill capability of electroless (EL) Cu, we explored the influence of the Pd activation process prior to EL Cu deposition. We found that EL Cu roughness is closely related to the Pd nuclei size range and density, which are functions of Pd activation time. With activation time, Pd deposition goes through the sequential stages of growth, secondary nucleation, and ripening. The smoothest EL Cu film can be achieved with a Pd nucleation time that corresponds to the beginning of the ripening stage. A Pd activation process that leads to the smoothest EL Cu deposit also yields the most conformal via filling.     

稀土La对bcc-Fe中Cu扩散行为影响的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理,研究了稀土La对bcc-Fe中Cu析出行为的影响.计算了α-Fe中La原子和Cu原子与空位之间,以及La原子和Cu原子之间的点缺陷结合能;在此基础上,讨论了α-Fe中La对Cu扩散激活能的关系.结果表明:La原子与空位之间有较强的相互吸引作用,且对近邻Cu原子也有一定的束缚.此外,La的加入使Cu原子近邻的空位形成能显著升高,这表明La,Cu偏聚区形成空位较为困难.与此同时,由于La原子对近邻空位和Cu原子的吸引作用,使Cu原子向近邻空位跳跃的迁移能有所升高.迁移能与空位形成能变化的计算结果显示,La原子的加入能够使α-Fe中Cu的扩散激活能显著升高,从而延缓了铁素体区富铜相的偏聚和析出.     

铜活化法诊断神光Ⅲ主机装置氘氚中子产额

介绍了铜活化诊断氘氚中子产额的测量原理,分析了62 Cu和64 Cu两种活化核素在符合测量中的贡献。针对不同范围内的中子产额测量,提出了系统灵敏度相对标定法和64 Cu活化核标定法。通过添加中子屏蔽锥测量了标定场所散射中子影响。计算评估了63 Cu(n,γ)64 Cu反应过程对活化测量的影响。在神光Ⅲ主机装置上,利用该系统测量了直接驱动氘氚中子产额。实验结果表明:氘氚中子产额在109~1013范围采用相对标定方法较为合适,64 Cu活化核的标定方法适用于1012~1016范围内产额测量。标定场所散射中子对灵敏度标定因子影响约0.4%。63 Cu俘获辐射反应在64 Cu活化核标定中贡献小于1%。目前神光Ⅲ主机装置直接驱动氘氚中子产额约8×1012。     

衍射分析用的X射线管谱线纯度的定量测定

本文提出了衍射分析用的X射线管谱线纯度的定量测定方法。在国产衍射仪上用石英单晶作分光晶体进行展谱测定。实验测得的各种波长X射线的强度应还原为X射线管窗口处的出射强度。对影响强度的各种因素作了详细的理论分析,给出了对应于不同靶、不同杂质元素的强度还原换算因子表。X射线管阳极靶元素主特征谱线强度用铜或铝吸收箔进行衰减,以避免计数损失造成的误差。用这一方法,对许多X射线管进行了测定。 关键词：     

一维游标位敏阳极光子计数探测器

报道了一维游标位敏阳极光子计数探测器,详细介绍了一维游标位敏阳极的解码原理和设计结果.搭建了基于一维游标位敏阳极探测器的紫外光子计数探测系统.该系统工作于光子计数模式,可同时测量单光子事件的一维坐标.获得了对应入射光空间强度一维分布的脉冲计数分布图.通过测试,系统的分辨率优于100μm.该探测器可以实现极微弱的高能光子、电子和离子等粒子流强度分布的一维探测,因此可以用于深空探测、光谱测量、高能物理以及生物发光探测.     

Energy barriers of single-adatoms diffusion on unreconstructed and reconstructed (110) surfaces

The present paper is aimed mainly to investigate theoretically the diffusion of Ag, Cu, Au and Pt adatoms on the (1 × 1) unreconstructed geometry for Ag, Cu and Pt (110), and reconstructed geometries ((1 × 2), (1 × 3) and (1 × 4)) for Pt and Au (110) surfaces. We consider the single adatom diffusion when additional atoms are deposited in adjacent row. For this study, we have used the molecular statics simulations combined with the embedded atom method. For several systems, we have calculated the activation barriers for hopping mechanism. For the diffusion on the unreconstructed surfaces, the trends for the activation barriers are the same for all considered systems except for Cu/Ag (110) system, where the activation barrier do not change. Further, our results indicate that additional atoms lead to a small decreasing of activation barriers for diffusion on reconstructed surfaces for some systems, while for other systems; the activation barrier remains practically unchanged.     

Temperature dependence of activation volume on Cu content of ultra-low carbon steel

Abstract

The temperature dependence of the yield stress, effective stress and activation volume on the Cu content in steel was assessed using polycrystalline ultra-low carbon steels with 0.5, 1 and 2 mass% Cu added. A small hump was seen in the effective stress–temperature curve for ultra-low carbon steel, which has also been reported for high-purity single-crystal iron. The effective stress was found to decrease with increasing the Cu content. The activation volume was found to be linearly related to the temperature at low temperatures for all types of specimens considered. The activation volume was found to increase abruptly at a certain temperature, which increased with increasing the Cu content. The change in the relationship of the activation volume to temperature is discussed in this paper with respect to the thermally activated process of dislocation glide from the Peierls mechanism to the interaction between dislocations and solute Cu atoms.     

Grain Boundary Motion during Ag and Cu Grain Boundary Diffusion in Cu Polycrystals

Grain boundary (GB) motion in high-purity Cu material (5N8 and 5N Cu) is investigated using the results of radiotracer GB diffusion measurements with tracers exhibiting fundamental differences in the solute-matrix atom interactions. The results on GB solute diffusion of Ag (revealing a miscibility gap in the Ag-Cu phase diagram) and Au (forming intermetallic compounds with Cu) in Cu and on Cu self-diffusion are analyzed.The initial parts of the Ag and Cu penetration profiles turned out to be substantially curved. The profile curvature is explained via the effect of GB motion during ^110m Ag and ⁶⁴Cu GB penetration. The activation enthalpies of GB motion in these two independent measurements occurred to be very close, 95 and 103 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, these values turn out to be close, but still somewhat larger than the activation enthalpy of Cu GB self-diffusion in Cu material of the same very high purity, Q ^Cu _gb = 72 kJ/mol. Although tracer diffusion measurements of Au GB diffusion in Cu yielded only limited information on GB motion, the absolute values of GB velocities are consistent with those calculated from the Ag and Cu GB diffusion data.     

Triton-emission cross sections with 30 MeV d(Be) break-up neutrons

Triton-emission cross sections were measured for Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Nb, Mo, Ag, Ta, Tl, Pb and Bi with a 30 MeV d(Be) break-up neutron spectrum characterized by a multiple-foil activation technique. The accumulated tritium was separated by vacuum extraction and measured by low-level gas-phase β^? counting. The systematic trend in the cross sections is somewhat similar to that in the 53 MeV d(Be) break-up neutron spectrum; apart from some initial decrease as a function of Z, the cross section is almost constant over the entire range of Z = 22 to 83. The magnitudes of the cross sections lie between those with 14 MeV neutrons and 53 MeV d(Be) break-up neutrons. Hauser-Feshbach calculations show that the statistical model describes the triton-emission cross sections for nuclei in the (2s, ld) shell within a factor of 2; for the heavier nuclei, however, the calculated cross sections are much smaller than the experimental values.     

固体电解质Rb4Cu16I7Cl13制备及离子导电性研究

液态固体电解质材料的离子电导率低,安全性问题在一定程度上限制了其发展与应用,而固体电解质材料在室温下具有很好的稳定性和高的离子电导率值,具有较好的应用前景.本文采用机械化学球磨法制备固体电解质Rb₄Cu₁₆I₇Cl₁₃粉末,探索制备工艺和球磨参数,对其晶体结构进行解析、观察粉体微观结构、通过交流阻抗谱及等效电路分析得到了离子电导率与活化能、并详细探讨其离子传导性能与晶体结构的关系以及化学成分稳定性进行研究.实验结果表明,在480 rpm转速下球磨6 h时可得到纯的固体电解质Rb₄Cu₁₆I₇Cl₁₃物相.粉体晶粒尺寸分布均匀,均在20 nm-400 nm之间,室温下固体电解质Rb₄Cu₁₆I₇Cl₁₃离子电导率可达到0.213 S/cm且活化能为0.087(9)eV.在真空干燥条件下存放5天和12天后观察了微观形貌和化学稳定性...