非线性拉曼激光雷达系统检测CO2气体的受激拉曼过程

 利用气体的受激拉曼散射增益效应的非线性雷达技术是探测大气中的CO₂气体的重要方法，用Nd:YAG固体激光器（1 064 nm）的三倍频光（354.7 nm）注入装有CO₂和N₂高压气体的拉曼管中，气体的受激拉曼散射（SRS）过程产生两种气体的一阶斯托克斯光，用来作为拉曼雷达的发射种子光源。介绍了产生光源的实验装置，论述了SRS中气体气压变化与一阶斯托克斯光能量输出变化的定量关系，得到最佳能量输出的优化条件，并对SRS中一阶斯托克斯光产生过程的物理机制进行了讨论。并根据光源的试验结果，设计了非线性受激拉曼雷达系统，对前期的普通拉曼雷达进行了实验，得到了初步的实验结果。     

探测大气中CO2的Raman激光雷达

基于大气激光后向散射光谱,研究和设计了探测大气CO2浓度的Raman激光雷达,其发射机采用Nd:YAG激光的三倍频354.7nm作为工作波长,发射的单脉冲能量350mJ,重复频率20Hz;接收机采用了光电倍增管(量子效率25%)和光子计数器(计数速率200MHz),探测CO2的Raman散射371.66nm(频移1285cm-1信号,(1小时累加)近地面2.5km以内信噪比不小于8.采用组合滤光片来抑制强的354.7nm Mie-Rayleigh后向散射和氧气375.4nm Raman后向散射对信号的严重干扰.比较分别来自大气CO2和参考气体N2的Raman后向散射回波,可反演出大气中CO2的相对浓度.     

D2受激拉曼散射产生的紫外激光用于O3差分吸收激光雷达的研究

脉冲Nd∶YAG四倍频激光(266nm)泵浦D2的受激拉曼散射第二级斯托克斯光(316.39nm)用作O3差分吸收激光雷达的λoff。为研究D2的受激拉曼散射效应和定量解释其物理机制作了一系列的实验。通过调节泵浦能量和气体压强,得到了各级散射光的能量转换效率,找到了第二级斯托克斯光的优化条件。     

拉曼激光雷达探测低对流层大气二氧化碳分布

介绍了中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所研制成功的我国第一台测量低对流层大气CO2时空分布的拉曼激光雷达系统,选用波长355nm的紫外激光作为光源,利用光子计数卡双通道采集大气中N2和CO2的拉曼后向散射信号。详细分析了拉曼激光雷达系统的定标方法,提出采用Li7500型H2O/CO2分析仪与拉曼激光雷达系统进行对比与标定,结果显示激光雷达与CO2分析仪数据变化趋势一致性较好,激光雷达具有很高的探测灵敏度与准确性,通过线性拟合水平方向标定误差小于0.2%,垂直方向小于1.4%。由标定关系反演出大气中CO2的时空分布,给出了合肥西郊低对流层大气CO2水平方向0～2.0km与垂直方向0～2.5km分布的典型测量结果。     

YbVO4晶体的受激拉曼散射

采用腔外单次通过方式,研究了一种新型晶体YbVO4的受激拉曼散射.当抽运激光为532 nm皮秒脉冲时获得了3级斯托克斯线(558.47 nm,587.92 nm,620.67 nm)和1级反斯托克斯线(507.58 nm),测得YbVO4晶体1级斯托克斯受激拉曼散射的稳态增益系数为17.8 4±O.2 cm/Gw,受激拉曼散射的整体转换效率达到37%.实现了YbVO4晶体对355 nm皮秒激光的受激拉曼散射,观察到1级斯托克斯线(366.11 nm),根据抽运阈值得到相应的拉曼增益为29.0±0.3 cm/GW.     

YVO4晶体的高效受激拉曼散射

报道了YVO4晶体在532 nm、30 ps脉冲下的的高效受激拉曼散射。采用腔外单次通过方式测量了不同长度YVO4晶体1阶斯托克斯受激拉曼散射的阈值,并得到该晶体的稳态增益系数为16.0±0.5 cm/GW。实验中观察到2阶斯托克斯线(558.6 nm5、87.8 nm)和1阶反斯托克斯线(508.0 nm),受激拉曼散射的整体转换效率高于50%。     

合肥上空大气二氧化碳Raman激光雷达探测研究

Raman激光雷达是用于大气成分探测与特性研究的有效工具.介绍了中科院安徽光学精密机械研究所自行研制的一台用于测量低对流层大气CO2时空分布的Raman激光雷达系统,并进行了一系列观测实验和对比分析.系统选用波长355nm的紫外激光作为光源,利用光子计数卡双通道采集大气中N2和CO2的Raman后向散射信号与Li-7500型H2O/CO2分析仪进行对比标定,通过反演获得了大气CO2水平与垂直方向时空分布廓线,并且获得了合肥地区大气边界层CO2的夜变化趋势.结果表明,大气CO2在空间的分布相对均匀,Raman激光雷达与CO2分析仪变化趋势一致性较好,能够对大气CO2时空分布进行有效、连续的观测.     

H_2、D_2及H_2/D_2混合气体受激拉曼特性研究

受激拉曼散射是扩展激光波长的重要方法,但是气体中非线性光学过程对受激拉曼光的影响非常复杂,实验研究受激拉曼光与气体气压及拉曼池耦合透镜焦距的关系是实际应用受激拉曼光的重要手段。设计了受激拉曼实验装置及其测量系统,采用Nd:YAG激光器的四倍频激光266 nm作为抽运源,活性气体(H2、D2及H2/D2混合气体)分别被密封在长为100 cm的拉曼管中,输出的拉曼激光由棱镜分光后用能量计采集保存用以研究拉曼散射特性。给出了H2、D2及H2/D2混合气体的各级Stokes和反Stokes受激拉曼激光能量与气体气压及透镜焦距的关系。获得了217.84~447.15 nm之间的12条激光谱线,有效地扩展了拉曼激光的应用范围。研究结果对气体受激拉曼光的实际应用具有十分重要的价值。     

探测大气中CO2的Raman激光雷达

基于大气激光后向散射光谱，研究和设计了探测大气CO₂浓度的Raman激光雷达,其发射机采用Nd∶YAG激光的三倍频354.7nm作为工作波长,发射的单脉冲能量350mJ,重复频率20Hz；接收机采用了光电倍增管(量子效率25%)和光子计数器(计数速率200MHz),探测CO₂的Raman散射371.66nm(频移1285cm^-1)信号,(1小时累加)近地面2.5km以内信噪比不小于8.采用组合滤光片来抑制强的354.7nm Mie-Rayleigh后向散射和氧气375.4nm Raman后向散射对信号的严重干扰. 比较分别来自大气CO₂和参考气体N₂的Raman后向散射回波,可反演出大气中CO₂的相对浓度. 关键词： 大气光学 激光雷达 Raman散射光谱 参考气体 Mie-Rayleigh散射     

H_2、D_2及H_2/D_2混合气体受激拉曼特性研究EI北大核心CSCD

受激拉曼散射是扩展激光波长的重要方法,但是气体中非线性光学过程对受激拉曼光的影响非常复杂,实验研究受激拉曼光与气体气压及拉曼池耦合透镜焦距的关系是实际应用受激拉曼光的重要手段。设计了受激拉曼实验装置及其测量系统,采用Nd：YAG激光器的四倍频激光266 nm作为抽运源,活性气体（H2、D2及H2/D2混合气体）分别被密封在长为100 cm的拉曼管中,输出的拉曼激光由棱镜分光后用能量计采集保存用以研究拉曼散射特性。给出了H2、D2及H2/D2混合气体的各级Stokes和反Stokes受激拉曼激光能量与气体气压及透镜焦距的关系。获得了217.84--447.15 nm之间的12条激光谱线,有效地扩展了拉曼激光的应用范围。研究结果对气体受激拉曼光的实际应用具有十分重要的价值。     

Generation of UV laser light by stimulated Raman scattering in D2, D2/Ar and D2/He using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 355nm

A pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 355nm is used to pump Raman cell filled with D_2, D_2/Ar and D_2/He. With adequately adjusted parameters, the maximum photon conversion efficiency of the first-order Stokes light (S_1, 396.796nm) reaches 33.33% in D_2/Ar and the stability of S_1 in pure D_2 is fairly high, the energy drift being less than 10% when the pump energy drifts in the range of 5%. The conversion efficiency and stability, which are functions of the composition and pressure of the Raman medium and the energy of pump laser, are investigated. The result has been used to optimize the laser transmitter system for a differential absorption lidar system to measure NO_2 concentration profiles.     

Convenient method for calibrating system constant of scanning water vapor Raman lidar

<正>Lower tropospheric water vapor measurements are performed at nighttime using the mobile atmosphere monitoring lidar-2(AML-2) which is operated by the Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics.In this lidar system,a 354.7-nm light from a Nd:YAG laser is used as stimulating source,whose Raman shifted center wavelengths are at 386.7 and 407.5 nm for nitrogen and water vapor,respectively.We present a novel and convenient method for determining the Raman lidar calibration constant according to the scanning performance of this lidar.We are likewise able to realize the measurement of water vapor profile in the low troposphere.The error induced by the uncertainty of calibrated constants is within 7% for the Raman lidar system.Experimental results from two months of study indicate that the method of calibrating the lidar system constant is feasible,and the Raman lidar performance is stable and reliable.     

Enhanced stimulated Raman scattering in H<Subscript>2</Subscript> by seeding an SRS line into an H-ɛ Balmer line: Amplification-coupled laser wavelength shifter

The stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in H₂ gas above the dissociation energy limit was recorded using a 266-nm UV laser. All of the observed Stokes and anti-Stokes SRS lines showed a normal behavior except the third Stokes SRS lines at 397.8 nm, which showed a substantial intensity enhancement of about a 36%-conversion efficiency of the pump energy. This enhancement in the SRS line is attributed to the seeding of the SRS line into the Balmer H-? line at 397 nm in molecular hydrogen. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report of any work on enhanced stimulated Raman scattering in H₂ by the seeding of the H-? Balmer line into the SRS line and attaining a very high intensity at the third Stokes SRS lines at 397.8 nm. The cell pressure and the laser pulse energy dependence of these SRS lines substantiate our explanation.     

Investigation of the spatial profile of stimulated Raman scattering beams in D<Subscript>2</Subscript> and H<Subscript>2</Subscript> gases using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 266 nm

The stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) beam spatial mode structure is studied in H₂ and D₂ gases, in a 60 cm-long high-pressure Raman cell, using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 266 nm. The conversion efficiencies of the first and second Stokes in H₂, D₂ and H₂/D₂ mixtures have been measured precisely in the 1–14 atm range. The SRS beam profiles were recorded for different gas pressures in the high-pressure Raman cell and interesting behaviour is revealed. Homogeneous SRS spatial profiles were obtained only for pressures higher than 7 atm. For lower pressures the profiles are either in the form of a ring or of a more complicated shape. The results are explained in terms of nonlinear self-focusing processes during the pump beam propagation in the Raman cell. Also, from our measurements, a more precise value of the nonlinear index of refraction for the H₂ and D₂ at 266 nm is proposed. PACS 42.65.Dr; 42.60.Jf; 42.60.Lh; 42.65.Jx     

355 nm Nd:YAG激光在H2中的高效一级斯托克斯转换

对脉冲Nd:YAG激光(355 nm)在H2和H2:He-Ar混合气体中的受激拉曼散射(SRS)进行了研究.在0.5 MPa的氢气中,同时测量到从二级反斯托克斯到三级斯托克斯的多波长输出,其总转化效率达88%;而高压下只剩下一级和二级斯托克斯输出,其中二级斯托克斯最大能量转化效率达44%(对应量子效率为63%).由于高级斯托克斯的竞争,纯氢气中一级斯托克斯的最大能量转换效率不超过43%.通过向3 MPa氢气中掺入2 MPaAr气后,很好地抑制了二级斯托克斯的产生,从而获得了能量转换效率高达71%(对应量子效率为83%)的一级斯托克斯输出.对四波混频和级联受激拉曼散射在氢气多级斯托克斯产生中的作用以及惰性气体对它们的影响进行了讨论.     

Multi-wavelength generation based on cascaded Raman scattering and self-frequency-doubling in KTA

A multi-wavelength laser is developed based on cascaded stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and self-frequency-doubling in an x-cut KTA crystal pumped by an A-O Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The generation of 1178 nm from cascaded SRS of 234 and 671 cm⁻¹ Raman modes is observed. The six wavelengths, including the fundamental 1064 nm, four Stokes waves at 1091, 1120, 1146, 1178 nm, and the second harmonic generation (SHG) of 1146 nm, are tens to hundreds of millwatts for each at 10 kHz, corresponding to a total conversion efficiency of 8.72%.     

High efficiency picosecond pulse C6H12 Raman laser amplified by DCM fluorescence

In this paper, the Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) Stokes wave pumped by a picosecond pulse laser in cyclohexane (C₆H₁₂) enhanced by the fluorescence of 4-(Dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM) is studied in the experiment. 249 ps pulse laser from Nd:YAG laser second harmonic generation at 532 nm is used as the pumping source. The results indicate that the energy conversion efficiency is raised by the increase of the pumping energy, and the high conversion efficiency depends on the proper selection of the DCM concentration. The high energy conversion efficiency of the first Stokes enhanced by fluorescence of 37.3% is obtained. The fluorescence enhancing mechanism of the picosecond SRS Stokes wave is discussed.     

Stimulated supercontinuum-radiation generation of carbon disulfide by all-trans-β-carotene fluorescence enhancement effect in liquid core optical fibre

We demonstrate stimulated supercontinuum-radiation of carbon disulfide (CS₂) influenced by biological molecules all-trans-β -carotene in liquid core optical fibre (LCOF). By virtue of the broad fluorescence characteristics and large third-order optical nonlinearities of all-{trans}-β-carotene,the high-order Stokes lines of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and the multi-order Stokes lines of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) excitated by SRS are observed at low input-laser energies. The results indicate that the fluorescence not only enhances the SRS, but also the SBS. These Stokes lines generate the SRS--SBS supercontinuum radiation (RBSR). A flat-amplitude bandwidth of 110 nm from 515nm to 625nm is observed when a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser at 532nm with an energy of 0.86mJ is used. This result is expected to be useful for the multi-wavelength fibre laser.     

Nd:YAG四倍频激光抽运甲烷后的受激拉曼效应及其物理机制分析

从理论上分析了激光被聚焦到高压气体内可能发生各种非线性现象的规律及其相互作用和相互干扰.在实验中把Nd:YAG四倍频激光聚焦到充有甲烷的拉曼管内,测各阶斯特克斯光输出能量与气压pa、透镜焦距f和输入能量Ep之间的关系.实验结果与理论分析定性地相符合，这就为我们优化和利用受激拉曼过程提供了理论和实验依据. 关键词： 非线性过程 受激拉曼散射 四波混频 激光诱导离解