新型海水淡化系统的设计

在便携的高效凹面聚光集热装置基础上, 通过综合利用所获得的太阳热辐射能实现海水淡化蒸馏、 温 差发电以及温箱供暖, 从而达到太阳能高效综合利用的目的. 同时, 为海难及岛礁等特殊情况、 特殊环境下的海水淡 化与供暖需求提供一种新途径     

基于LNG冷能的海水冷冻淡化机理研究

为利用液化天然气(LNG)的冷能实现海水冷冻淡化,研究了海水在超低温环境下的冷冻淡化机理,试验测试了海水在不同冷冻条件下的制冰淡化性能参数,分析了各因素对海水冷冻淡化过程的作用机理及性能影响,比较得出了该工艺系统的最优运行参数。该研究结果为基于LNG冷能的海水冷冻淡化系统工艺设计提供了重要的参考依据。     

漂浮式太阳能海水淡化膜单元结构研究

提出了微聚光直接蒸发海水实现淡化过程的概念,并在漂浮式透明膜板内的微结构中实施,即利用薄膜内部空腔,实现高效太阳能聚光,让太阳光直接加热并蒸发由亲水材料送入腔内的海水,实现海水淡化过程。它的最大优势就是将太阳能集热器与海水淡化器合二为一,漂浮于海面上,省却了土地成本,并可用非金属材料制造。本文对淡化膜中聚光产水单元的结构进行了优化设计,对其聚光过程进行了仿真分析,给出了太阳光不同入射角度下的聚光效率。并在样品结构中进行了稳态的实验验证,证明该装置最高温度可以达到70℃,产水量可以达到1.67 g/h,实现太阳能转化效率37.4%。     

水下太阳能聚光光伏-海水淡化复合系统研究

开发水下太阳辐射能进行光伏发电和海水淡化,为水下潜航装置提供电能,为远洋工作人员提供淡水,意义重大.为此,本文提出了一种水下太阳能柔性聚光光伏-海水淡化复合系统,它主要由水下柔性聚光器、光伏组件、膜蒸馏海水淡化单元、冷凝腔等组成.其中,水下柔性聚光器为膜壳式空腔,空腔在压差的作用下,变形为球面透镜.仿真分析了焦距、焦斑...     

三维内肋管换热及流阻的实验研究

一、前言 为使换热设备更加轻小高效,各国学者着力研究了强化传热技术。近年研制出的不少高效传热表面已在空冷、海水淡化、化工、宇航、船舶、动力工程等方面得到应用。 强化管内对流换热的主要手段是促进管内湍流和扩展管内换热面积。R.L.Webb     

结合双效吸收式热泵的新型海水淡化系统

本文提出低温多效海水淡化与双效并联溴化锂吸收式热泵有机结合的新系统(LT-MED-AHP),阐述系统集成构思与特点,模拟分析系统性能特性,同时利用EUD分析方法揭示出关键过程中的节能机理.高温蒸汽输入热泵子系统,提升了海水淡化子系统末效产生蒸汽的品位,研究表明,新系统生产单位淡水的能耗比传统的蒸汽喷射器集成方式(LT-MED-TVC)降低了35.6%.本文工作为低温多效海水淡化装置的进一步节能降耗提供了新途径.     

太阳能海水淡化系统经济性分析与研究

利用单因素分析方法,计算三效塔式太阳能海水淡化系统各个参数对太阳能海水淡化系统淡水生产成本的单因素影响值,分别给出太阳能集热系统成本、储热水箱成本、海水淡化装置成本、装置运行年消耗动力费用、设备使用年限和淡水年生产总量等参数对淡水生产成本影响的程度,明确降低淡水生产成本的方向,有助于太阳能海水淡化装置的深入研究。     

利用LNG冷能的间接冷冻法海水淡化流程比较

淡水资源缺乏已成为全球性问题,海水淡化方法的研究也日益引起重视。液化天然气在气化时有大量冷能可以利用,考虑到冷冻法海水淡化需要大量冷能,可以把LNG的冷能和冷冻法海水淡化结合起来,形成利用LNG能冷的冷冻法海水淡化流程。文中以间接冷冻法为例,介绍了LNG冷能在海水淡化中的利用;并针对系统中冷媒是否相变而提出了无相变流程和有相变流程,通过HYSYS软件进行模拟,比较分析了各自的优缺点。结果说明无相变流程设备简单、控制方便,但冷媒质量流量大;有相变流程冷媒质量流量小,但流程、设备与控制均较复杂,气相部分体积流量较大,使得气态管路直径较大,相应的换热器尺寸也会更大。     

科苑快讯

降低海水淡化费用的预处理方法在全世界淡水资源越来越短缺的时候,通过海水淡化获取饮用水的要求日益迫切。用反渗透(reverse osmosis,RO)膜淡化海水的主要缺点是费用昂贵,它比传统的水处理费用多2~3倍,这是反渗透膜污垢积累速度太快造成的。但是,美国一家环境工程公司———美     

聚光直热加湿除湿太阳能淡化系统的性能研究

本文研究了一种基于菲涅耳透镜聚光和多级回热的加湿除湿太阳能海水淡化系统.建造一个小型的太阳能海水淡化装置,并利用一种自设计的圆弧形菲涅尔透镜为该系统聚光直接加热.介绍了四级淡化系统的结构原理,装置通过三级等温加热的方式为系统供能。文中依据系统各部分能量的关系,建立对应的数学关系.室外实验测得,装置的最大产水量为1.5 kg/h,系统的性能系数为0.73。     

白光和红绿蓝光LED可调光源研制

为了提高LED光源色温和亮度的调节精度和准确度,结合色温由低向高变化时光色所呈现的渐变特点,提出了一种低色温白光LED灯珠、高色温白光LED灯珠加红绿蓝光LED灯珠补偿式调光的方法.将色温分成三个部分进行调节,每个部分选用不同的LED灯珠组合来进行调光.实验结果表明:不同组合情况下的LED光源的初始输出色温相对于目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;亮度可以在保证色温不变的情况下独立进行调节,初始输出值与目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;经过微调之后可以达到目标值;达到了色温和亮度独立调节的要求;光源发光稳定,不会因为长时间工作而影响调节精度.     

Visualization and interferometry for cylindrical and spherical sample tomography and profilometry

A technique combining image processing and laser interferometry for visualizing and detecting the deformation of transparent cylindrical and spherical sample is proposed. This deformation includes geometric deformation such as volume transition in profilometry and physical deformation such as refractive index change in tomography. Phase contour lines are used for quantitative analysis and graphical representation of the deformation. This method allows us to visually detect the spatial variation of the deformation field and to evaluate the test quality such as misalignment of optical system. A theoretical analysis using phase contour map to characterize the deformation field is described in detail. A method using phase contour map to qualify the interferometric test is proposed. Analysis of test examples is carried out. Suggestions on using phase contour line method to ameliorate test system design are finally discussed.     

Quantum and Classical Disparity and Accord

Discrepancies and accords between quantum (QM) and classical mechanics (CM) related to expectation values and periods are generally found for both the harmonic oscillator (SHO) and a free particle in a box (FPB), which may apply generally. These indicate non-locality is expected throughout QM. The FPB energy states violate the Correspondence Principle. Previously unexpected accords are found and proven that 〈x ²〉 _CM =〈x ²〉 _QM and τ _CM =τ _QMb (beat period i.e. beats between the phases for adjoining energy states) for the SHO for all quantum numbers, n. However, for the FPB the beat periods differ at small n. It is shown that a particle’s velocity in an infinite square well varies, no matter how wide the box, nor how far the particle is from the walls. The quantum free particle variances share an indirect commonality with the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects in that there is a quantum action in the absence of a force. The concept of an “Expectation Value over a Partial Well Width” is introduced. This paper raises the question as to whether these inconsistencies are undetectable, or can be empirically ascertained. These inherent variances may need to be fixed, or nature is manifestly more non-classical than expected.     

黑克、布劳、及伯曼-温采尔代数的诱导及分导系数和量子经典李代数的耦合与重新耦合系数

本文总结了计算黑克、布劳、及伯曼 温采尔代数在各种工数链下诱导及分导系数的线性方程方法(LEM)。特别强调了关于A,B,C,D型李代数及其量子情形与其中心代数之间的舒尔 魏尔 布劳双关性关系。这一关系使我们能够利用相应中心代数的诱导及分导系数计算出经典李代数及其量子情形的耦合与重新耦合系数。讨论了从该方法得到B,C,D型李代数不可约表示克罗内克积分解的应用。基于LEM还得到了处理对应于置换群CG系列问题的黑克代数张量积的方法。     

Rapid and flexible laser marking and engraving of tilted and curved surfaces

We present a novel method for rapid and flexible laser marking and engraving of tilted, curved and freeform work-piece surfaces. The method is based on integrating a three-dimensional (3D) laser measurement system into a 3D laser marking system. We use the same laser source and optics for measurement and processing with a minimum of additional hardware components. A low power CW laser regime is used to measure the 3D shape of a work-piece surface while a high-peak power-pulsed laser regime is used for processing. The acquired 3D surface data are used to determine the 3D trajectory of the processing beam focus. Neither the 3D shape of the work-piece nor its orientation needs to be known in advance as long as the processed surface lies within the working range of the 3D laser processing system. This eliminates the need for exact work-piece positioning before processing and substantially improves processing flexibility (allowing, e.g. variations in work-piece shape or/and orientation from mark to mark). This paper discusses key issues concerning an implementation of the method and presents typical examples of markings and engravings, which demonstrate the advantages of the method with respect to the existing industrial 2D and 3D laser marking and engraving methods. The method can also be applied to flexible laser structuring and microprocessing of curved surfaces.     

Spectroscopy and Photophysics of Iso- and Alloxazines: Experimental and Theoretical Study

We present a systematic study of the effect of methyl substitution on iso- and alloxazines in acetonitrile solutions. Substitution patterns have profound effects on both spectral and photophysical properties, with fluorescence quantum yields varying by more than an order of magnitude. TD-DFT calculation were used for the first time to correlate electronic structure changes with the substitution patterns, with good agreement between calculated and theoretical band positions and oscillator strengths. Both n-pi* and pi-pi* states in these compounds are predicted, with the oscillator strengths indicating that only the pi-pi* states should be observable in the absorption spectra. Substitution patterns are shown to be responsible for energy order inversion between these states.     

Nano and micro-scale fluid and plasma dynamics: present and future applications

In this letter, we illustrate the importance of fluid dynamics research by considering two particular areas of study: nano- and micro-scale fluid and plasma dynamics. We show how improved scientific knowledge of nano- and micro-fluid dynamics can significantly enhance our future. Application is also discussed regarding environmental aspects.     

Geometry and Elasticity of Strips and Flowers

We solve several problems that involve imposing metrics on surfaces. The problem of a strip with a linear metric gradient is formulated in terms of a Lagrangian similar to those used for spin systems. We are able to show that the low energy state of long strips is a twisted helical state like a telephone cord. We then extend the techniques used in this solution to two–dimensional sheets with more general metrics. We find evolution equations and show that when they are not singular, a surface is determined by knowledge of its metric, and the shape of the surface along one line. Finally, we provide numerical evidence by minimizing a suitable energy functional that once these evolution equations become singular, either the surface is not differentiable, or else the metric deviates from the target metric.     

激光跟瞄仿真系统及两种跟瞄方法

基于OpenGL和大气传输光学分析的3维全数字仿真是激光跟瞄系统的重要研究手段。为提高跟踪和瞄准精度,从激光跟瞄仿真系统整体出发,研究了目标成像中的投影变换、成像与跟踪的关系、高精度跟踪现有算法的控制过程仿真等内容,并提出了基于大视口、目标大气传输图像序列的跟瞄仿真技术。说明了仿真系统中跟瞄精度分析的特点。就某仿真场景,设计了"头部顶点"和"两点提取"两种跟瞄方法,在不同大气湍流条件下得到了它们的跟瞄精度,说明应用该激光跟瞄仿真系统,能够预先设计、测试和验证一些跟瞄方法,帮助进行算法分析和改进,从而提高工作效率和节约成本。