含空气层与多孔材料的复合结构隔声特性研究

基于高速列车减振降噪需求,本文应用Biot提出的多孔弹性介质声传播理论,采用传递矩阵法理论推导了典型分层结构的隔声量计算公式,给出了空气层与多孔材料对分层复合结构隔声特性的影响。将传递矩阵与遗传算法相结合,对特定中低频段内的复合结构隔声特性进行了优化。研究结果表明:空气层和多孔材料有助于分层复合结构隔声量的提高,特别是空气层对低频隔声有很好的促进作用,另外空气层与多孔材料的分配情况也影响着隔声效果。含有空气层的复合结构在提高隔声量的同时降低了结构的总体重量,实现了高速列车隔声材料低能耗和轻量化的设计目标。     

基于波传播法的周期复合板振动带隙衰减特性研究

运用波传播法对有限和无限周期对边简支复合板的振动带隙衰减特性进行了研究.在建立相邻板结构边界连续方程的基础上, 分别运用传递矩阵和Bloch定理建立了有限和无限周期复合板的耦合运动方程, 并详细对比分析了有限和无限周期复合板带隙衰减特性的关联关系.研究表明: 周期板结构的振动带隙频率范围与激励方式和激励位置是相关的, 若周期复合板在宽度方向按某阶模态进行线激励, 则该激励下的振动带隙与无限周期复合板在该阶模态下的振动带隙是一致的; 若周期板在点激励作用, 则该点激励下的振动带隙是参与振动的各阶模态振动带隙的交集. 此外, 还进一步研究了结构阻尼对振动衰减带隙的影响. 关键词： 周期复合板 带隙衰减特性 波传播法 结构阻尼     

双层弹性支撑板的水下宽带隔声

为实现水下宽带隔声,提出了一种由弹性元件支撑两块刚性端板构成的双层弹性支撑板结构。采用弹簧振子振动分析法和声传播理论,建立了平面波入射的水下隔声理论模型,分析了结构参数对隔声量的影响规律,结果表明足够小的弹性元件单位面积弹性系数或足够大的端板单位面积质量都可以连续一致地提高隔声量.仿真分析了双层弹性支撑板的振动位移和声输入阻抗,比较了双层弹性支撑板与连续介质层的隔声特性,结果表明,降低弹性元件质量,有助于在低频段消除半波全透射现象.在同厚度、同质量、同静态压缩率条件下,双层弹性支撑板能更好的降低两侧流体的振动及声耦合,隔声频带更宽,带内一致性更好,隔声量更大.      

非对称夹芯板隔声量的解析计算模型及影响因素

提出了一种计算上下面板非对称的三明治夹芯板隔声性能的方法.通过对非对称夹芯梁表观抗弯曲刚度的计算,得到对应夹芯板随频率变化的表观抗弯刚度,代入4阶的控制方程,应用模态展开法可以方便地计算简支非对称夹芯板的隔声量.对4种定制的3层非对称碳纤维夹芯板进行了理论计算和实验测试对比,在频率范围100～3150Hz内,计权隔声量...     

局域共振单元与薄膜复合声子晶体板结构的低频降噪

提出了一种局域共振单元复合声子晶体板结构,并结合有限元对晶体板结构的带隙特性、隔声性能进行了分析.结果表明,共振带隙的产生是由共振单元与板中传播的弹性波相互耦合造成的,耦合强度直接影响共振频率和带隙宽度,隔声效果与薄膜的厚度直接相关.通过改变薄膜的厚度可以将隔声效果调节到满足机舱飞行员正常驾驶的要求.该结构在200dB以下具有良好的隔振效果,最大隔声量达到150dB.该研究为获得良好的隔声效果提供了理论支持,在航空发动机减振降噪方面具有潜在的应用前景.     

谱有限元数值分析各向异性复合板中导波色散特性

提出谱有限元方法研究层状各向异性复合板中导波的色散特性和波结构。基于三维弹性动力学方程,用有限元方法离散波导截面,波传播方向的位移用简谐波表示,得到了导波色散的特征方程。分析了单层和双层复合板中导波沿不同方向传播的色散特性和波结构,讨论了双层复合板中层厚比对相速度的影响。数值研究结果表明:导波的对称模态沿纤维方向传播时在较宽的频率范围内保持弱色散状态。双层复合板中导波基本模态的相速度在低频时受层厚比的影响较明显,随着频率的增加趋向于相速度较低的材料。数值模拟结果为导波用于复合材料定量无损检测和性能评价提供理论依据。      

压电网络复合板的波动特性与隔声性能分析

在压电网络复合板机电耦合波动方程基础上,首先对在其中传播的弯曲波的波动特性进行了分析,发现压电网络复合板中同时存在两种不同频散特性的弯曲波,电感电阻并联型压电网络复合板中存在的两种弯曲波的频散曲线具有频率转向现象;在频率转向区,弯曲波的衰减常数或达到最大或迅速增大这一结论为压电网络复合板的减振降噪设计提供了参考。对压电网络复合板中的能量分析给出了这一结论的机理:即在频率转向区板中的机械能与电能能够进行最大的能量交换;在波动分析的基础上对压电网络复合板的隔声特性进行了分析,发现压电网络复合板隔声曲线上的低谷随外界电感值的变化能够发生移动或者消失,最后结合压电网络复合板的波动频散特性对复合板的隔声机理进行了分析,为设计压电网络复合板的隔声性能提供了理论参考。      

水声作用下矩形弹性-粘弹性复合板的振动和散射声近场(Ⅰ)——矩形复合板的振动分析

本文根据弹性理论最小势能原理和变分技术,确定不同弹性材料层胶合的复合板弯曲运动时的中和面位置,并引人复合板的等效弹性常数和等效质量,从而导出复合薄板弯曲振动方程和边界条件的简洁形式;跟据粘弹性理论还得出:粘弹性层和弹性层复合板的振动方程;采用模态分析和傅里叶变换法给出矩形复合薄板自由振动和强迫振动的一般分析解;以钢板作为基板,进行数值计算得出不同厚度、不同材料覆盖层的复合板的等效刚度、泊松比和面密度,以及简支条件下简正模式的阻尼常数、阻力系数和固有频率。     

含三聚氰胺多孔材料分层复合介质吸声特性*

三聚氰胺泡沫材料是一种具有高开孔率的多孔材料,具备优良的吸音、防火隔热及环保性能,可以作为吸声材料与弹性板、空腔介质形成复合结构,在建筑、航空、交通工具等工程领域有广泛的应用。该文基于Biot理论和分层介质在交界面处的不同边界条件,建立非均匀复合介质背衬刚性壁面结构的理论声学模型,详细分析了多孔材料布局对复合结构吸声特性的影响。该文理论模型计算的结果与阻抗实验得到的垂直入射吸声系数基本一致,验证了理论模型的正确性。结果表明:在多孔材料前面增加空气层可以改善高频吸声特性;在多孔材料后面增加空气层可以改善复合结构低频吸声特性。通过合理配置多孔材料,可以在应用需求频段上达到满意的吸声效果。     

基于散射矩阵法的飞机壁板声学优化设计

采用散射矩阵法分析夹层板结构声学特性,并对典型的夹层板结构即飞机壁板进行声学优化,预计飞机壁板隔声特性,获得蒙皮、隔声隔热层、内饰板及它们的组合结构的声学性能。针对尾吊飞机客舱后部噪声过大问题,通过增加铺设隔热隔声层以及部分区域优化安装阻尼层等一系列被动降噪处理方法,对主要传递路径的飞机壁板结构进行优化,降低客舱后部噪声水平,并进行试验验证。试验结果表明:散射矩阵法可快速准确获得夹层结构的隔声性能,并与混响室法测试结果吻合较好;在厚度不变的前提下,改变隔热隔声层的铺设方式和材料密度对壁板隔声性能影响较小,但在蒙皮内侧粘贴阻尼层能在一定频段范围提高壁板隔声性能;将优化的壁板构型应用到飞机后舱段侧壁板,舱内噪声水平可降低约3 dB。     

Application of a finite-element model to low-frequency sound insulation in dwellings

The sound transmission between adjacent rooms has been modeled using a finite-element method. Predicted sound-level difference gave good agreement with experimental data using a full-scale and a quarter-scale model. Results show that the sound insulation characteristics of a party wall at low frequencies strongly depend on the modal characteristics of the sound field of both rooms and of the partition. The effect of three edge conditions of the separating wall on the sound-level difference at low frequencies was examined: simply supported, clamped, and a combination of clamped and simply supported. It is demonstrated that a clamped partition provides greater sound-level difference at low frequencies than a simply supported. It also is confirmed that the sound-pressure level difference is lower in equal room than in unequal room configurations.     

The effect of different combinations of boundary conditions on the average radiation efficiency of rectangular plates

The boundary conditions of a vibrating plate are known to have an influence on its sound radiation for frequencies below the critical frequency. To investigate this effect in a systematic way, the average radiation efficiency and radiated power are calculated for a rectangular plate set in an infinite baffle using a modal summation approach. Whereas analytical expressions exist for simply supported boundary conditions, a numerical approach is required for other cases. Nine combinations of boundary conditions are considered, consisting of simply supported, clamped and free edges on different plate edges. The structural vibration is approximated by using independent beam functions in orthogonal directions allowing simple approximate formulae for mode shapes and natural frequencies. This assumption is checked against a finite element model and shown to give reliable results. It is shown that a free plate has the lowest radiation efficiency and a clamped plate the highest for most frequencies between the fundamental panel natural frequency and the critical frequency. Other combinations of boundary condition give intermediate results according to the level of constraint introduced. The differences depend on frequency: excluding the extreme case of a fully free plate all the other boundary conditions give results within a range of 8 dB in the middle part of the short-circuiting region, decreasing towards the critical frequency. At low frequency the differences can be even greater, in some cases up to 20 dB. These conclusions are shown to hold for a range of plate thicknesses and dimensions.     

The effects of elastic supports on the transient vibroacoustic response of a window caused by sonic booms

The transient vibration and sound radiation (TVSR) of plate-like structures with general elastic boundary conditions was investigated using the time-domain finite element method (TDFEM) and time-domain boundary element method (TDBEM). In this model, the structure can have arbitrary elastic boundary conditions and hence the effects of the boundary conditions on the TVSR can be effectively studied. The predicted results agreed well with existing experimental data using two classical boundary conditions: simply supported at all edges and clamped-free-free-free. The TVSR of a single panel with a more general boundary condition in two connected chambers was also measured. The predicted results agreed well with these experimental results. The prediction method was subsequently applied to evaluate the effects of elastic boundary supports on the TVSR of a window caused by a sonic boom. Loudness, non-audible acoustic perception, and tactile vibration thresholds were analyzed for different boundary conditions (varying between clamped and simply supported). The possibility of improving the transient vibration and noise isolation performance by selecting an appropriate boundary condition was thereby demonstrated.     

用于三层有源隔声结构误差传感的压电传感薄膜阵列及其优化设计

基于平面声源的三层有源隔声结构系统易于实现且具有良好的低频隔声性能,实现该系统需解决的关键问题是误差信号的检测.本文将压电传感薄膜聚偏氟乙烯(polyvinylidene fluoride, PVDF)阵列检测简支梁辐射模态的理论拓展到二维结构, 并应用到三层隔声结构实现误差传感的优化设计.根据三层结构中特殊的能量传输规律, 对误差传感方案中目标函数的选取、PVDF数目确定以及传感系统优化等问题进行深入分析.研究表明, 由于辐射板能量主要集中在有限个振动模态上, 只需将少数经固定系数加权的PVDF薄膜输出电流求和即可获得前三阶辐射模态幅值.辐射模态幅值的检测值与理论值符合良好, 保证传感精度的同时有效简化了系统. 关键词： 三层有源隔声结构 误差传感策略 压电传感薄膜阵列 辐射模态     

Free vibration and parametric resonance of shear deformable functionally graded cylindrical panels

This paper investigates free vibration and dynamic instability of functionally graded cylindrical panels subjected to combined static and periodic axial forces and in thermal environment. Theoretical formulations are based on Reddy's higher order shear deformation shell theory to account for rotary inertia and the parabolic distribution of the transverse shear strains through the panel thickness. Thermal effects due to steady temperature change are included in the analysis. Material properties are assumed to be temperature dependent and graded in the thickness direction according to a power-law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The panel under current consideration is clamped or simply supported on two straight edges and may be either free, simply supported or clamped on the curved edges. A semi-analytical approach, which takes the advantages of one-dimensional differential quadrature approximation, Galerkin technique and Bolotin's method, is employed to determine the natural frequencies and the unstable regions of the panel. Numerical results for silicon nitride/stainless-steel cylindrical panels are given in both dimensionless tabular and graphical forms. Effects of material composition, temperature rise, panel geometry parameters, and boundary conditions on free vibration and the parametric resonance are also studied.     

Study on plate silencer with general boundary conditions

A plate silencer consists of an expansion chamber with two side-branch rigid cavities covered by plates. Previous studies showed that, in a duct, the introduction of simply supported or clamped plates into an air conveying system could achieve broadband quieting from low to medium frequencies. In this study, analytical formulation is extended to the plate silencer with general boundary conditions. A set of static beam functions, which are a combination of sine series and third-order polynomial, is employed as the trial functions of the plate vibration velocity. Green?s function and Kirchhoff–Helmholtz integral are used to solve the sound radiation in the duct and the cavity, and then the vibration velocity of the plate is obtained. Having obtained the vibration velocity, the pressure perturbations induced by the plate oscillation and the transmission loss are found. Optimization is carried out in order to obtain the widest stopband. The transmission loss calculated by the analytical method agrees closely with the result of the finite element method simulation. Further studies with regard to the plate under several different classical boundary conditions based on the validated model show that a clamped-free plate silencer has the worst stopband. Attempts to release the boundary restriction of the plate are also made to study its effect on sound reflection. Results show that a softer end for a clamped–clamped plate silencer helps increase the optimal bandwidth, while the same treatment for simply supported plate silencer will result in performance degradation.     

Simplified approach to the vibration analysis of elastic plates due to sonic boom

A theoretical study of the response of a flat plate to a sonic boom excitation is presented. For such a study, the problem of transient vibrations of elastic plates having clamped or simply supported boundary conditions under a pulse load in the shape of a capital N corresponding to a typical far-field sonic boom disturbance is discussed in a new fashion by using the concept of iso-amplitude contour lines on the surface of the plate. Series solutions consisting of products of eigenfunctions times functions of time are employed to analyse the motions. As an illustration of the technique, an elliptical plate subjected to a typical N wave arriving at normal incidence is chosen as a model because this involves a curvilinear boundary of a relatively simple shape, yet has no simple exact solution. Closed form solutions are obtained for both clamped as well as simply supported edges. The results have technical importance for the prediction of response of window panes and wall-panels to sonic boom. All details are explained by graphs.