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1.
α-FeOOH纳米微粒的凝胶网格沉淀法制备及光谱性质 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
作为环境矿物材料的羟基氧化铁(FeOOH),可吸附和共沉淀环境介质中的污染物质,其去污能力与产物形貌结构、界面特性及制备方法等密切相关.FeOOH常由水解中和或空气氧化法制备,但其产物颗粒间易凝聚.文章报道了制备针铁矿(α-FeOOH)纳米微粒的一种新颖方法,即凝胶网格沉淀法,它以FeCl3为反应铁盐;明胶为反应介质,可避免沉淀颗粒凝聚成闭.与共沉淀方法比较.它可制得分散均匀、大小均一的α-FeOOH纳米微粒;同时,利用光谱分析手段考察了明胶含量和FeCl3浓度对产物结晶度、颗粒形貌及粒径的影响,结果表明,其他条件一致时,在适宜的明胶含量(12%)和FeCl3浓度(0.6 mol.L1)下所制备的α-FeOOH颗粒分散性最好,为短棒状纳米晶体,颗粒轴跃约110 nm,直径平均约为35 nm,可见,该法合成α-FeOOH的颗粒形貌、大小与凝胶网格结构有关. 相似文献
2.
采用荧光光谱法研究了 β 环糊精及其衍生物与槲皮素的包合作用 ,测定了包合物的形成常数 ,并用等摩尔连续变化法确定了包合物形成的计量比 ,探讨了有机小分子醇对包合过程的影响。结果表明 :槲皮素 环糊精包合物包合能力强弱顺序为 :HP β CD >M β CD >β CD ,脂肪醇对槲皮素 环糊精包合物包合作用的影响与其所含碳数及体积有关 相似文献
3.
在水溶液中分别以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和CTAB/柠檬酸钠混合剂为包覆剂合成钯纳米颗粒,并研究其形貌演变.钯纳米颗粒在成核阶段会形成具有不同孪晶结构的晶核,在生长阶段又会选择性的放大某一组晶面,这两个因素导致了钯纳米颗粒形貌的多样性.在合成中CTAB既会影响钯纳米颗粒的成核,也会影响颗粒晶面的选择性生长.通过改变CTAB和还原剂的量可以调控钯纳米颗粒的形貌.溶液中CTAB和还原剂浓度的改变,非常明显地影响合成产物中不同形貌钯纳米颗粒的产率.通过向溶液中引入柠檬酸离子调控纳米颗粒的成核与生长过程,首次合成出了星状钯二十面体和截面为五角星形的钯纳米棒.这些不同形貌的钯纳米颗粒有着不同的表面等离子体共振和表面增强拉曼散射性质. 相似文献
4.
紫外-可见光谱研究β-环糊精与β-胡萝卜素的包结作用 总被引:14,自引:2,他引:12
用紫外 可见光谱研究了 β 环糊精与 β 胡萝卜素的包结作用 ,结果表明 ,3 2 5个 β 环糊精分子与 1个分子 β 胡萝卜素依据范德瓦尔斯作用力和疏水作用力发生包结作用 ,生成稳定的包结物 ,包结物和 β 环糊精的红外光谱也显示包结物的形成和存在。包结物适宜的制备条件为 :β 环糊精与 β 胡萝卜素的摩尔比为 3 2 5∶1,主客体溶液的浓度比为 12∶1;包结温度 30℃ ;反应时间 2h。用可见 紫外光谱测定的包结物的包结常数为 9 4 6× 10 11L·mol-1,包结物稳定。对包结作用的动力学特性和包结物的分子构像进行了探讨 相似文献
5.
研究了阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 (CTAB)对四 ( 4 N 甲基吡啶 )卟啉 (H2 TMPyP)及其银配合物 (AgTMPyP)在Ag胶中的表面增强拉曼散射 (SERS)谱的影响 .SERS光谱表明 ,吸附于Ag胶粒的H2 TMPyP与衬底银原子结合形成AgTMPyP ,加入CTAB后 ,部分AgTMPyP表面络合物还原为H2 TMPyP .相似的去金属化反应也出现在AgTMPyP/Ag胶 /CTAB体系中 .CTAB的加入使SERS谱带强度明显增加 .AgTMPyP的去金属化被认为是由于CTAB的存在使Ag胶颗粒表面附近微环境发生改变 相似文献
6.
三种抗癌嘌呤类化合物与环糊精作用的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用荧光光度法 ,在考察了时间、酸度以及温度对包合物形成的影响后 ,利用荧光双倒数法分别计算出了巯嘌呤、硫唑嘌呤和 8 氮杂鸟嘌呤与 β 环糊精及羟丙基 β 环糊精的包合常数。实验表明 :时间和酸度对它们的包合有显著影响。β 环糊精形成稳定包合物的时间约在 3h左右 ,而羟丙基 β 环糊精的包合时间大约在 2h左右。最佳酸度在弱碱性范围 (pH =7 7)左右。它们的最大激发波长都在 2 76~ 2 85nm之间 ,最大发射波长较长 ,在 32 8~ 35 3nm之间。随着环糊精浓度增大 ,包合物的荧光都有增加趋势 ,且羟丙基 β 环糊精包结物的增强更为显著一些。3种黄嘌呤类衍生物与环糊精的包结物的包结比均为 1∶1。 相似文献
7.
非离子表面活性剂和β-环糊精协同诱导1-溴萘室温磷光的对比研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
对比研究了非离子表面活性剂聚氧乙烯辛基酚醚 (OPE 10 ,n =10 )及聚氧乙烯特辛基酚醚 (TritonX 10 0 ,n =10 )和 β 环糊精 (β CD)协同诱导 1 溴萘 (1 BrN)室温磷光光谱。根据分子大小和 β CD空腔尺寸分析阐述了 β CD与非离子表面活性剂形成 1∶1二元包络物 ,OPE 10和TritonX 10 0分子内的辛基和苯基团被包络在空腔内 ,驱除了空腔内的水分子 ,使空腔内微环境的极性更低 ,通过更强的疏水相互作用进一步和 1 BrN形成了结构紧密的稳定 1∶1∶1三元包络物。β CD/OPE 10 / 1 BrN和 β CD/TritonX 10 0 / 1 BrN包络物的表观稳定常数分别为 1 0 9× 10 5和 4 4 7× 10 5L2 ·mol- 2 。在 β CD空腔内 ,1 BrN的重原子对OPE 10和TritonX 10 0的荧光产生猝灭作用。对于更稳定的 β CD/TritonX 10 0 / 1 BrN三元体系 ,特辛基可更好地屏蔽溶液中的溶解氧和碘离子的猝灭作用 ,观察到了TritonX 10 0分子内苯基和受体 1 BrN之间的能量转移。 相似文献
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9.
超顺磁纳米γ-Fe_2O_3/SiO_2复合材料的制备和磁性能研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、Fe(NO3)3.9H2O、无水乙醇(Eth)、盐酸(HCl)和去离子水作为原料,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米γ-Fe2O3/SiO2复合材料.主要研究了CTAB、热处理温度以及Fe2O3的浓度对纳米γ-Fe2O3/SiO2复合材料的形成及磁性能的影响.用X射线衍射分析(XRD)对纳米粒子进行表征以及用Quantum Design Model物理性质测量系统(PPMS)测量纳米颗粒的零场冷却(ZFC)和加场冷却(FC)时的磁化强度随温度的变化关系.通过对XRD衍射图和ZFC/FC曲线分析,可知制备纳米γ-Fe2O3/SiO2复合材料最佳热处理温度为700℃左右,Fe2O3最佳浓度为30wt%左右.尤其加CTAB改性后,所得的纳米γ-Fe2O3/SiO2复合材料较纯正和表现出超顺磁性. 相似文献
10.
为了认识储氚高压容器壁材料的力学性能变化及其导致的容器承载能力变化, 必须研究储氚期间, 容器壁中氚和氦-3浓度的空间分布和随时间的变化. 针对容器外表面为一般传质边界条件和容器内部氚为范德瓦尔斯气体的情况, 同时考虑容器腔内和容器壁中氚的衰变和扩散, 建立求解储氚高压容器壁中氚和氦-3浓度的解析理论模型, 导出了氚和氦-3浓度的理论公式. 通过解析计算给出了器壁中氚和氦-3浓度随外表面传质系数的变化曲线和浓度的时空变化曲线, 提出了氦-3浓度的2β 1 + β 2 / 2倍定律, 即处于开放空间的储氚球形高压容器, 器壁中氦-3的浓度呈内高外低的分布, 时间越长, 浓度沿径向的梯度越大, 在时间足够长时, 各处浓度逼近时间无限长时的最终值, 也就是各处的最大值, 内表面处的最大值是该处氚初始时刻浓度的2β 1 + β 2 / 2倍, 这里β 1 和β 2 为与氚的范德瓦尔斯常数相关的参数. 研究结果为储氚高压容器的强度安全性评估提供了前提. 相似文献
11.
E. V. Smirnov T. S. Gendler E. F. Makarov A. A. Novakova 《Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics》2007,71(9):1282-1285
Structural and magnetic characteristics of nanosized goethite (α-FeOOH) samples prepared by chemical precipitation of an iron (III) salt and alkali in aqueous solutions with different contents of a surfactant (ethyl alcohol) have been investigated. Changes in the morphology, structure, and sizes of antiferromagnetic nanoparticles, caused by the presence of the surfactant in the deposition solution, have been established by Mössbauer spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, X-ray diffraction, and electron microscopy. It is determined that an increase in the surfactant concentration leads to the bimodal size distribution of nanoparticles; in this case, the fraction of small (<10 nm) isolated particles in the sample increases and the degree of ordering of larger particles (50–100 nm) increases with a change in their shape from spherical to needle-like. 相似文献
12.
Solid submicron particles, composed of amorphous, hexagonal and cubic phase CdS, were synthesized in water–ethylenediamine solution by precipitating Cd2+ ions with S2? ions, which were generated from the radiolytic reduction of Na2S2O3. In addition, the effects of the absorbed dose on the crystallization process of CdS were investigated in detail. Moreover, hollow CdS submicron particles with needle-like structure could be obtained from the solid CdS submicron particles probably through a hollowing process based on Ostwald ripening and the phase transition of CdS from amorphous to crystalline. In the above processes, ethylenediamine played an important role. 相似文献
13.
NA Vinogradov KA Simonov AV Generalov AS Vinogradov DV Vyalikh C Laubschat N M?rtensson AB Preobrajenski 《J Phys Condens Matter》2012,24(31):314202
The in situ chlorination of graphene on Ir(111) has been achieved by depositing FeCl(3) followed by its thermal decomposition on the surface into FeCl(2) and Cl. This process is accompanied by an intercalation of Cl under graphene and formation of an epitaxial FeCl(2) film on top, which can be removed upon further annealing. A pronounced hole doping of graphene has been observed as a consequence of the annealing-assisted intercalation of Cl. This effect has been studied by a combination of core-level and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopies (CL PES and ARPES, respectively), near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). The ease of preparation, the remarkable reproducibility of the doping level and the reversibility of the doping upon annealing are the key factors making chlorination with FeCl(3) a promising route for tuning the electronic properties in graphene. 相似文献
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15.
Wearthering steels treated with and without zinc phosphate solution were exposed to atmosphere for 15 years and rust layers produced on the steels were analysed by scattering Mössbauer spectrometry (CEMS and XMS). γ-FeOOH, fine α-FeOOH, 5Fe2O3·9H2O, γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 were identified to be present in the rust formed on the steel without phosphate coating. Large particles of γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 formed on the uncoated steel exposed to atmosphere in a position facing north on vertical plane. The layer structure of rust was affected by the position. The thin rust layer formed on the phosphate + carylite resin coated steel was considered to consist of γ-FeOOH, fine α-FeOOH, and fine γ-Fe2O3. 相似文献
16.
Mikio Kishimoto Makoto MinagawaHideto Yanagihara Tatsuya OdaNobuhiro Ohkochi Eiji Kita 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》2012,324(7):1285-1289
Platelet γ-Fe2O3 particles of particle size less than 100 nm were prepared for medical applications that use the hysteresis-loss heating of ferromagnetic particles. The γ-Fe2O3 particles were obtained through the dehydration, reduction, and oxidation of platelet α-FeOOH particles, which were synthesized by the precipitation of ferric ions in an alkaline solution containing ethanolamine, and the crystals grown using a hydrothermal treatment. The γ-Fe2O3 particles contained dimples formed by the dehydration of α-FeOOH particles. The coercive force and the saturation magnetization of the γ-Fe2O3 particles were in the ranges 11.9 to 12.7 kA/m (150 to 160 Oe), and 70 to 72 Am2/kg (70 to 72 emu/g), respectively. The specific loss power of the γ-Fe2O3 particles, estimated from their temperature-raising property measured under a peak magnetic field of 50.9 kA/m (640 Oe) and at a frequency of 117 kHz, was 590 W/g. This value is higher than that of spherical cobalt-containing iron oxide particles having equivalent coercive force and saturation magnetization, reflecting the larger area of the minor hysteresis loop measured under a peak magnetic field of 50.9 kA/m (640 Oe). 相似文献
17.
To prevent the process of aggregation and growth of ??-FeOOH nanoparticles, during chemical syntheses various surface-active substances (SASs) with a concentration of 3 g/dm3 were added into the solution. The applied SASs were: cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), and complexone EDTA. Using various methods it was found that SAS molecules have a dual effect on the obtained nanoparticles: on one hand SAS application increases the number of small ??-FeOOH nanoparticles with sizes of 2?C5nm. On the other hand, SAS molecules react with surface atoms of the nanoparticles and form additional compounds. 相似文献
18.
Magnetic Fe3O4/SiO2 particles with rod-like structure and hollow interior have been constructed by a template method. During this procedure, β-FeOOH was firstly synthesized as the rod-like template to fabricate β-FeOOH/SiO2 core/shell-like particles. These β-FeOOH/SiO2 nanorods could be further transformed to Fe3O4/SiO2 via the decomposition-reducing method. These particles showed ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature with high coercivity and may provide potential applications in biological area. 相似文献
19.
E. Yu. Trofimova S. A. Grudinkin Yu. A. Kukushkina D. A. Kurdyukov A. V. Medvedev M. A. Yagovkina V. G. Golubev 《Physics of the Solid State》2012,54(6):1298-1305
Fluorescent monodisperse spherical silica (SiO2) particles with a regular mesoporous structure containing encapsulated Rhodamine 6G (R6G) dye have been synthesized. The as-synthesized particles have been coated with SiO2 and SiO2-CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, C16H33N(CH3)3Br) shells in order to prevent uncontrolled release of the dye from pores. The kinetics of R6G release from the pores of silica particles has been studied. It has been found that the particles synthesized by adding CTAB and R6G to the reaction mixture, as well as the particles coated with the SiO2-CTAB shell, are characterized by the maximum duration of dye release from the pores, which is probably associated with the formation of chemical bonds between R6G and CTAB molecules. 相似文献