高能强子–强子碰撞中硬软过程的比较分析

根据QCD中“圆锥定义”来确定喷注,对高能强子-强子碰撞中的硬、软过程作细致的分析.用Pythia产生蒙特卡罗模拟样本,得到的喷注赝快度分布在中心区有平台,喷注内部的粒子密度和横能密度,随离喷注轴的距离指数地下降,比较发现对整个事件样本,单事件平均横动量或最大横动量与多重数是正关联的,而对喷注事件它们是负关联的.引入两个物理量来描述喷注事件的硬、软程度.发现它们与单事件平均横动量是正关联的,而与多重数是负关联的.表明用单事件平均横动量比用多重数能更好地描述喷注事件的硬软程度.     

高能强子–强子碰撞中喷注性质的蒙特卡洛研究

在喷注“圆锥判定法”的基础上,对高能强子–强子碰撞中产生的喷注(微喷注)的性质进行了蒙特卡洛研究.采用以喷注动量为z轴的“喷注坐标系”,给出了表征喷注性质的各物理量在新坐标系中的分布情况.结果表明,圆锥判定法能够作为一种有效手段来对高能强子–强子碰撞和相对论重离子碰撞中发生的硬和半硬过程开展实验研究.由有喷注事件和无喷注事件的多重数分布可以看到,E_t=2GeV是用圆锥法确定喷注的合理的横能截断值.     

高能强子–强子碰撞中喷注的产生与演化过程的动力学起伏

用蒙特卡洛方法对630GeV/c质子–反质子碰撞中的无偏样本、喷注事件样本和喷注内样本中的动力学起伏进行了研究.结果表明,喷注事件样本和电子–正电子对撞的全事件样本相似,近似地有各向同性的动力学起伏,而喷注内样本则和电子–正电子对撞的喷注一样,有类似于强子–强子碰撞软过程的各向异性动力学起伏.这表明,强子–强子碰撞中喷注的产生和演化分别和电子–正电子碰撞中喷注的产生和演化有类似的动力学性质.     

利用最大熵方法研究强子-强子碰撞的高能极限

利用最大熵方法研究了强子-强子碰撞的高能极限.定义了不同类型的熵并着重讨论了物理约束的作用.对高能极限下的平均多重数和这一极限与现有实验数据之间的内插作出了确定的预言.     

高能强子-核碰撞中KNO标度多重数分布的普适性破坏与多源模型

本文用多源模型(Multisource Model)计算了高能强子-核碰撞的多重数高次矩.计算结果与最近的N.N.Biswas等人的实验数据符合较好,自然地解释了强子-核碰撞的KNO标度普适性破坏.     

强子与弦级联模型中J/ψ核压低

用建立在LUND模型特别是PYTHIA事件产生器基础上的描写极端相对论性核–核碰撞的强子和弦级联模型鳃─—JPCIAE研究了入射能量为200AGeV的pA和BA碰撞的最小偏畸事件中J/ψ的核压低.用两组J/ψ和强子形成时间合理的数值分别由正常模拟和类Glauber式模拟得到的J/ψ核压低因子可与NA38的相应pA和BA碰撞的数据相比较,但NA50Pb+Ph碰撞的数则解释不了.另外,正常模拟和类Glauber式模拟间的差别,进而动力学模拟和Glauber理论间的差别不容忽略.仔细研究了强子形成时间对J/ψ核压低的敏感效应.结果还表明:对于J/ψ核压低来说,介子吸收在pA碰撞中也起作用犹如在BA碰撞中一样.     

强子碰撞中平均横动量的多重数分布随截断的变化

利用三火球模型,对s=22GeV情况下,强子碰撞中平均横动量的多重数分布曲线斜率、随横动量截断值的增加由负转变为正进行研究的结果表明,是侧边火球产生强子的平均横动量,随横动量截断值的增加的增幅大于中心火球产生强子的平均横动量的增幅而出现的.     

高能强子–强子碰撞中喷注内部动力学起伏的蒙特卡洛研究

用蒙特卡洛方法对CERN-SppS对撞机质子–反质子对撞中由圆锥法判定的(微)喷注内部的动力学起伏进行了研究.结果表明,喷注内部的动力学起伏近似地和SpS静止靶强子–强子碰撞中的动力学起伏一样,呈现为纵–横各向异性,而在横向平面内各向同性的特征.     

强子-强子碰撞中平均横动量随多重数变化的能量关联与三火球模型

利用三火球模型,对强子-强子碰撞中平均横动量和多重数的关系进行了计算,根据两个侧边火球贡献的变化,成功地解释了在ISR顶峰能量以下平均横动量与多重数关系曲线的斜率为负、并随能量的升高而增加、以及多重数低时平均横动量近似地与能量无关的现象.     

用π云孤粒子袋模型计算强子的静态物理性质

本文研究在g_s零阶近似孤粒子袋模型.考虑了夸克间的单胶子交换相互作用,则构成π云孤粒子袋模型.并导出强子各种静态物理性质的解析表达式,给出与实验值基本相符的计算结果.     

＝1800GeV pp碰撞荷电粒子多重性分布的计算

假设高能强子—强子碰撞的多重性分布中，软相互作用部分和硬相互作用部分都服从ＫＮＯ无标度性，只是它们各自的参数不同．由已有的实验数据，计算出＝１８８ＧｅＶ处，碰撞的平均多重性〈ｎ〉＝４７．０及其荷电粒子的多重性的分布．可供实验检验．     

不同产地双色牛肝菌FTIR光谱鉴别研究

同一种蕈菌子实体,由于外观形貌相似,凭传统外观形貌特征难以鉴别产地来源。应用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)法测定了云南省5个不同地区58个野生双色牛肝菌子实体样品的红外光谱。借助于红外光谱具有的指纹特性,利用SPSS 13.0统计软件对1 350~750 cm-1范围光谱数据进行主成分分析(PCA),根据前三个主成分累积贡献率已达到88.87%以及主成分载荷分析,表明前三个主成分能够反映样品在该段光谱的主要信息。对前三个主成分作投影显示并进行比较,发现以主成分1和主成分2作二维线形投影,对不同产地的双色牛肝菌有较好的聚类和鉴别作用,所有样品被划分为5个区域,98.3%的样品被正确归类。研究结果提示,傅里叶变换红外光谱结合主成分分析方法可以快速、方便地对不同产地的同一种野生双色牛肝菌进行鉴别分类。     

Hadronic Interactions in the Energy Region of Future Hadron Colliders,Dual Topological Unitarization of Hard and Soft Hadronic Cross Sections

The dual topological unitarization of hard and soft hadronic collisions is formulated as a Monte Carlo event generator for events containing both the soft (low p ?) and hard (jets, minijets) component of hadron production. The parameters of the model are determined from fits to the energy dependence of the total and inelastic hadron cross-sections and from the predictions of the QCD-parton model for the perturbative hard constituent scattering cross sections. The predictions of the model for TeV colliders are presented. Interesting changes of the produced multiparticle system are found when selecting classes of events with and without hard jets or minijets.     

△共振态的硬过程及软过程产生截面在同位旋不对称核体系下的介质修正研究

基于一个相对论的BUU方法,研究了△共振态的硬过程（NN → N△）及软过程（Nπ → △）产生截面及△的衰变宽度在同位旋不对称核体系下的介质修正（包括能量、密度、特别是同位旋依赖的）效应。发现类似于核子-核子弹性散射过程,△硬过程产生截面的密度修正及在同位旋不对称体系下的质量劈裂效应都比较强烈,而△的软过程产生截面及衰变宽度的密度依赖和质量劈裂效应都相对较弱。对硬过程,其截面最大的劈裂效应出现在△++和△-的产生道中,而对软过程,△++和△-的产生道中的劈裂效应则最小且与硬过程的相反。Within the framework of the relativistic BUU approach, we investigate the effect of energy-, density-, and especially isospin-dependent medium modifications on △ production cross sections of both hard (NN → N△) and soft (Nπ → △) processes as well as its decay width. It is found that, similar to the nucleon-nucleon elastic scattering, the △ production cross section from the hard process is strongly dependent on both density and the mass splitting effect in the isospin asymmetric matter. While the dependence is relative weak from the soft one, and so is the △ decay width. Further, in the hard (soft) process, the splitting effect is largest (smallest) and of opposite sign for the △++ and △- states.     

交换耦合相互作用对纳米晶粒各向异性的影响

研究纳米磁性材料晶粒间的交换耦合相互作用,提出适合各种耦合条件晶粒界面及表面处各向异性的表达式.结果表明:软、硬磁性相晶粒间的交换耦合相互作用降低了硬磁性相晶粒的各向异性,提高了软磁性相晶粒的各向异性.软硬磁性晶粒的平均各向异性先增加后减小,在某个晶粒尺寸值达到最大值,这种变化趋势与相关的理论及实验结果一致.硬硬磁性晶粒的平均各向异性随晶粒尺寸的变化趋势与相关的实验结果也一致.     

Hard layer demagnetization by soft layer cycling in a MgO-based perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction

We report here that in perpendicular tunnel junction the hard layer demagnetizes when the soft layer is cycled. This happens faster when the cycling field is closer to the reversal field of the hard layer. Magnetic force microscopy imaging done at different stages of the cycle after several loops show compact demagnetized areas surrounded by large saturated zones in the hard layer. A mechanism based on interlayer magnetostatic coupling induced by the stray field created by domain wall in the soft layer is presented.     

Anisotropic nanocomposite soft/hard multilayer magnets

Experimental and theoretical researches on nanostructured exchange coupled magnets have been carried out since about 1988. Here, we review the structure and magnetic properties of the anisotropic nanocomposite soft/hard multilayer magnets including some new results and phenomena from an experimental point of view. According to the different component of the oriented hard phase in the nanocomposite soft/hard multilayer magnets, three types of magnets will be discussed:1) anisotropic Nd_2Fe_(14)B based nanocomposite multilayer magnets, 2) anisotropic SmCo_5 based nanocomposite multilayer magnets, and 3) anisotropic rare-earth free based nanocomposite multilayer magnets. For each of them, the formation of the oriented hard phase, exchange coupling, coercivity mechanism, and magnetic properties of the corresponding anisotropic nanocomposite multilayer magnets are briefly reviewed, and then the prospect of realization of bulk magnets on new results of anisotropic nanocomposite multilayer magnets will be carried out.     

Tensile properties and interfacial interactions of bimodal hard/soft latex blends

In this work, the effect of composition, particle size and particle size ratio on the tensile properties of well-characterized hard/soft latex blends was investigated. Four blends of hard/soft latices, with varying particle sizes (either small or large), and volume fractions of 100/0, 80/20, 60/40, 50/50, 40/60, 20/80 and 0/100 were studied. The stress at break increased and the strain at break decreased as the amount of hard particles in the blend increased. A simple model, introduced by Pukanszky for filled polymers and polymer blends, proved to be a very useful tool for evaluating the tensile properties of the latex blends. Parameter B of the model could be related to the specific surface of the dispersed hard particles and the particle size ratio. Increasing the specific surface of the dispersed hard particles resulted in an increase in parameter B. The influence of particle size ratio on parameter B was shown to depend on the formation of aggregates.     

Imbibition, desiccation and mechanical deformations of zein pills in relation to their porosity

This paper deals with the interaction between zein (the main protein component of corn grain) and water. It induces macroscopic properties changes and may allow for the understanding of the basis of zein endosperm structure: vitreous endosperm is compact and floury endosperm is porous, giving the endosperm its hard and soft textures, respectively. In that aim porous pills made by compaction of zein powder submitted to different hydration/dehydration processes have been prepared and studied. In particular, imbibition measurements of a pure-water drop deposited onto a zein pill were performed. Also, desiccation of a zein pill previously imbibed induces strong mechanical stresses leading to crack formation and/or large deformations.