Tm(3+)/Ho(3+) codoped tellurite fiber laser

Continuous-wave and Q-switched lasing from a Tm(3+)/Ho(3+) codoped tellurite fiber is reported. An Yb(3+)/Er(3+)-doped silica fiber laser operating at 1.6 microm was used as an in-band pump source, exciting the Tm(3+) ions into the (3)F(4) level. Energy is then nonradiatively transferred to the upper laser level, the (5)I(7) state of Ho(3+). The laser transition is from the (5)I(7) level to the (5)I(8) level, and the resulting emission is at 2.1 microm. For continuous wave operation, the slope efficiency was 62% and the threshold 0.1 W; the maximum output demonstrated was 0.16 W. Mechanical Q switching resulted in a pulse of 0.65 microJ energy and 160 ns duration at a repetition rate of 19.4 kHz.     

Tm3+/Ho3+共掺碲酸盐微结构光纤激光器

用棒管法拉制了Tm³⁺/Ho³⁺掺杂的碲酸盐微结构光纤,并获得了2 μm的激光输出。以1 560 nm的Er³⁺掺杂石英光纤激光器作为泵浦源,在22 cm长的微结构光纤中,得到了最大功率为8.34 mW、波长为2 065 nm的连续激光输出,泵浦光功率为507 mW,斜率效率为2.97%。研究结果表明,Tm³⁺/Ho³⁺共掺碲酸盐微结构光纤是一种用于研制2 μm激光器的理想材料。     

High-peak-power operation of a Q-switched Tm3+-doped silica fiber laser operating near 2 microm

A peak output power of greater than 4.1 kW and a pulse duration at FWHM of 150 ns have been obtained in a Q-switched Tm3+-doped silica fiber laser in the wavelength region near 2 microm when the laser was pumped with a Nd:YAG laser operating at 1.319 microm. An acousto-optic modulator was used as a Q-switching element and operated at repetition rates of as much as 30 kHz. A core diameter of 17 microm was used to increase the laser gain volume, permitting high-pump-power absorption and an output of high pulse energy and peak power. Stimulated Brillouin scattering was directly observed in the output pulse, and as much as 10 orders of stimulated Brillouin scattering was recorded. This is the first report to the authors' knowledge of high-peak-power operation of a Tm3+-fiber laser.     

Yb3+敏化Tm3+掺杂氧卤碲酸盐玻璃的上转换发光研究

研究了Yb2O3浓度对Tm3 /Yb3 共掺氧卤碲酸盐玻璃的上转换发光的影响,分析了上转换发光机理。结果发现,通过980 nm的激光二极管激发,在室温下同时观察到强烈的蓝光(475 nm)和微弱的红光(649 nm),分别是由于Tm3 离子1G4→3H6和1G4→3F4跃迁产生的;上转换机理分析表明,上转换蓝光和红光都是由于双光子吸收过程。随Yb2O3浓度增加,Yb3 离子寿命降低,Yb3 到Tm3 的能量转移效率增加,上转换蓝光和红光强度先增加,在Yb2O3摩尔比为3时达到最大,然后降低。分析认为,Yb3 的浓度猝灭主要是由于3H4(Tm3 )→2F5/2(Yb3 )反向能量转移的结果。结果表明Yb3 敏化Tm3 掺杂氧卤碲酸盐玻璃是一种上转换蓝光激光器的潜在基质材料。     

High-power and highly efficient Tm3+-doped silica fiber lasers pumped with diode lasers operating at 1150 nm

An output power of 1.74 W at 2.03 microm was generated at a slope efficiency of 51% when a double-clad Tm(3+)-doped silica fiber laser was pumped with high-power 1150 nm diode lasers. Pump excited state absorption from the upper laser level populates higher energy levels allowing cross relaxation to repopulate the upper laser level at a quantum efficiency greater than unity and to limit losses relating to additional pump excited state absorption. The output power was scaled to 4.77 W when both ends of the fiber were pumped.     

High-power 83 W holmium-doped silica fiber laser operating with high beam quality

A high-power 83 W cladding-pumped Tm3+-Ho3+-doped silica fiber laser is reported. Using bidirectional 793 nm diode pumping, a maximum slope efficiency of 42% was produced after a threshold launched pump power of 12 W was exceeded. The laser operated at wavelengths near 2105 nm with moderate beam quality, i.e., M2 approximately 1.5. Further power scaling of the fiber laser was limited by thermal failure of the fiber ends.     

Single-transverse-mode 2.5-W holmium-doped fluoride fiber laser operating at 2.86 microm

A high-power tandem-pumped Ho3+, Pr3+-doped ZBLAN fiber laser is demonstrated. Using the free-running 1100-nm output from a diode-cladding-pumped Yb3+-doped silica fiber laser as the pump source, a maximum output power of 2.5 W was generated at a slope efficiency of 29% after the threshold of approximately 30 mW was reached. Saturation of the output is avoided with Pr3+ codoping, which allows single-transition output. The center wavelength of the output was 2.86 microm and the bandwidth at maximum power was approximately 15 nm.     

包层泵浦的高功率掺铥光纤激光器

研究了一种输出功率高且光束质量好的包层泵浦的掺铥光纤激光器.当泵浦功率达到30 W时,该掺铥光纤激光器产生的最大输出功率是6.1 W,且波长在2 μm左右,斜率效率达到55.6%,产生激光的阈值是2.2 W.当输出功率为3.3 W时,测得光束质量M2X和M2Y分别为1.26和1.32.     

CW single transverse mode all-fiber Tm3+-doped silica fiber laser

The CW 25.6 W output power with a slope efficiency of 30.6% respected to the pump power from a CW single transverse mode all-fiber Tm³⁺-doped Silica Fiber Laser is reported. The all-fiber laser is made up by progressively splicing the pigtail fiber, matched FBG fiber and Tm fiber. The reflective FBG and Tm³⁺-doped fiber end Fresnel reflection build up the laser resonance cavity. Due to the multi-mode FBG as the reflective mirror, the output laser spectrum is multi-peaks at high output power, but the spectrum width is less than 2 nm at 1.94 μm. We estimate the beam quality to be M ² = 2.39, clearly indicating nearly diffraction-limited beam propagation.     

Actively Q-switched and mode-locked Tm3+-doped silicate 2 μm fiber laser for supercontinuum generation in fluoride fiber

A diode-pumped actively Q-switched and actively mode-locked Tm3+-doped double-clad silicate fiber laser is reported providing up to 5 W of average output power at ~60 kHz Q-switch envelope repetition rate and ~8 μJ subpulses with up to 2.4 kW peak power. Using this source as a pump laser for supercontinuum generation in a ZBLAN fiber, over 1080 mW of supercontinuum from 1.9 μm to beyond 3.6 μm was obtained at an overall efficiency of 3.3% with respect to the diode pump power.     

Spectroscopic properties of neodymium-doped tellurite glass fiber

Nd3+-doped tellurite glass and a single mode tellurite glass fiber with a core diameter of 8 μm were prepared in this work. The 1.33-μm emission from the 4F3/2→4I13/2 transition of Nd3+ with a spectral bandwidth of 55 nm in tellurite glass fiber is observed.The lifetime of 164μs of 4F3/2 level and quantum efficiency of about 100 ％ are obtained.     

970nm抽运下Er3+/Yb3+/Tm3+共掺碲酸盐玻璃的发光特性

研究了Er3+/Yb3+共掺、Tm3+/Yb3+共掺、Er3+/Yb3+/Tm3+共掺碲酸盐玻璃在970nm抽运下的荧光光谱和上转换光谱性质，测试了Er3+离子的4I11/2和4I13/2能级荧光寿命变化情况.结果发现Er3+/Yb3+/Tm3+共掺碲酸盐玻璃的常规荧光谱线在1450—1700nm区域明显加宽，并在1630nm有一荧光峰，可能是Tm3+：1G4→3F2跃迁产生.上转换发光研究表明，由于碲酸盐玻璃声子能量低的缘故，三种共掺系统下都存在上转换发光现象.在Er3+/Yb3+/Tm3+共掺中，上转 关键词： Er3+/Yb3+/ Tm3+共掺 碲酸盐玻璃 荧光 上转换光谱     

Directly diode-pumped holmium fiber lasers

Sensitizer-free holmium-doped silica and fluoride mid-infrared fiber lasers are pumped using a high-power diode laser operating at 1148 nm. A maximum output power of 162 mW at 2.86 microm was produced at a slope efficiency of 24% using Ho(3+), Pr(3+)-doped fluoride fiber. Using Ho(3+)-doped silica fiber, a maximum output power of 55 mW at 2.1 microm was generated at a slope efficiency of 27%, a value limited by the presence of pump excited state absorption.     

784-nm amplified spontaneous emission from Tm3+-doped fluoride glass fiber pumped by an 1120-nm fiber laser

We report 784-nm (1G4 --> 3H5 transition) amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from Tm3+-doped fluoride (ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlF3-NaF) glass fiber pumped by an 1120-nm fiber laser. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of 784-nm (1G4 --> 3H5 transition) ASE in a Tm3+-doped fluoride fiber laser. Its effects on a 480-nm (1G4 --> 3H6 transition) blue laser were also discussed.     

Tm:fiber laser in-band pumped Ho:LuAG laser with over 18 W output at 2124.5 nm

We describe efficient operation of a Ho:LuAG laser in-band pumped by a cladding-pumped narrow linewidth Tm fiber laser at ∼1907 nm. With 1.0 at % Ho³⁺-doped LuAG and an output coupler of 6% transmission, the laser had a threshold pump power of ∼0.85 W and generated 18.04 W of continuous-wave output power at 2124.5 nm for 35 W of incident pump power, corresponding to an average slope efficiency with respect to incident pump power of 53.4%.     

2.1 μm可调谐多波长掺钬光纤激光器

为了实现2.1 μm波段光纤激光器输出多波长激光，设计了一种基于光纤Sagnac干涉仪的可调谐多波长掺钬光纤激光器。采用1.9 μm波段掺铥光纤激光器泵浦一段长3 m的掺钬石英光纤，获得2.1 μm波段的光放大；环形腔中，由保偏光纤和偏振控制器构成的光纤Sagnac干涉仪，实现2.1 μm波段周期滤波，获得了2.1 μm波段多波长激光，输出功率1 mW~15 mW可调谐，最多可观测到6个波长的激光输出。通过调节环形腔内偏振控制器，能够实现2.1 μm波段1~6个波长的调谐。     

Short Tm3+-doped fiber lasers with watt-level output near 2 μm

High-power operation of diode-pumped fiber lasers at wavelength near 2μm are demonstrated with short length of heavily Tm3 -doped silica glass fibers. With 7-cm long fiber, a laser at near 2 μm is obtained with the threshold of 135 mW, maximum output power of 1.09 W, and slope efficiency of 9.6% with respect to the launched power from a laser diode at 790 nm. The output stability of this fiber laser is within 5%.The dependence of the performance of fiber lasers on the operation temperature and cavity configuration parameters is also investigated.     

Dual-wavelength continuous-wave cascade oscillation at 3 and 2 mum with a holmium-doped fluoride-glass fiber laser

We have demonstrated dual-wavelength continuous-wave oscillation at 3 and 2 mum with a Ho-doped ZrF(4)- BaF(2)- LaF(3)- AlF(3)- NaF fluoride-glass fiber laser by use of a cascade oscillation scheme. We have shown that the fiber laser operates with a high slope efficiency of 52% (at 3 and 2microm) with respect to the absorbed pump power. With a 6.5-m-long fiber we achieved an output power of 90 mW at each of the wavelengths that was limited only by the pump power, and the 3-microm output power is to our knowledge higher than any previously reported level with 3-mum Ho(3+) -doped fiber lasers.     

Power scaling method for 2-microm diode-cladding-pumped Tm(3+)-doped silica fiber lasers that uses Yb(3+) codoping

Unidirectional dual-wavelength pumping at 805 and 975 nm of a Tm(3+)-doped silica double-clad fiber laser that has been codoped with Yb(3+) is demonstrated. With equal 2-wt. % concentrations of the Tm(3+) and Yb(3+) ions, slope efficiencies of 49% (57%) and 35% (40%) with respect to the launched (absorbed) pump power of the 805- and 975-nm pump wavelengths, respectively, were obtained. Efficient Yb(3+) --> Tm(3+) energy transfer and efficient cross relaxation combined with minimal upconversion losses were thus operating. At the maximum output power of 18 W, the fiber laser operated at a center wavelength of 2050 nm.     

单、双掺钒酸钇晶体的Raman光谱与能量转移研究

文章采用双光栅单色仪(HRD-1),氩离子激光器的488.0 nm波长激发,分别测得室温下,激发光平行、垂直晶体c轴入射时,Tm3 ,Ho3 单掺和双掺钒酸钇晶体的拉曼光谱,对检测结果进行分析并探讨了对能量转移的影响.观测到对Ho3 :YVO4,激发光垂直c轴时的散射光强明显强于激发光平行c轴时的散射光强;由于488.0 nm波长靠近Ho3 的一个吸收峰,吸收和散射相互竞争,使475 cm-1被削弱,且外模振动展宽;测得样品最大声子能量集中在880cm-1附近.主要是(VO4)3-的A1g呼吸模引起的,表明与YAG基质一样,也是一种具有高声子能量的晶体.用808 nm激发,锁相放大器,PbS探头接收,测得双掺Tm3 :Ho3 :YVO4的2.09 μm荧光强度是单掺Tm3 ∶YVO4 1.85 μm的4/5,意味着Tm3 对Ho3 的敏化效率高达80%,因为Tm3 :YVO4的荧光谱与Ho3 吸收谱重合甚少,由辐射跃迁导致的能量转移可能性不大,因此Tm3 离子之间的交叉弛豫以及Tm3 的3F4与Ho3 的5I7之间近共振的能量转移主要是依靠声子辅助的无辐射跃迁.