改装鼠标器作为数据采集装置的方法及其应用

利用鼠标器光电门廉价而灵敏度高的特点,制作了简单的物理实验数据采集装置接口,将数据从设备经由PS/2接口上载到计算机;用Visual C 语言编程,分析取得的数据;用Excel软件绘制运动图像.并进行气垫导轨实验和随机误差的正态分布实验.     

基于机器视觉的手机转接口尺寸及管脚数量的测量

基于机器视觉原理实现对手机转接口尺寸及管脚数量的非接触式测量.采用光源、远心镜和CCD相机搭建检测装置,获取手机转接口的图像数据,并利用图像边缘检测技术实现特征轮廓的提取,获得较为准确的转接口尺寸和管脚数量.     

一种新的运动模糊图像超分辨力盲复原算法

研究了具有深度运动模糊效果的图像的复原算法.采用对运动模糊图像的傅里叶频谱进行Radon变换来估计运动模糊方向,在此方向上计算运动模糊图像的自相关来估计运动模糊长度,再以运动模糊方向和运动模糊长度为参量结合超分辨力图像复原处理算法对比较严重的运动模糊图像进行复原.结果表明,该综合性算法能够较为精确地估算出运动模糊图像的模糊参量并取得较好的复原效果.     

高清图像跟踪系统设计

高清图像跟踪系统是一种可以实时显示运动目标、并对目标进行跟踪的高新技术设备。HDMI是Silicon Image等八家公司推出的针对高清电视机终端的开放式高清晰度多媒体接口,它采用一种独特的TMDS编码机制,具备在单一线缆上同时传输音视频数据的能力。基于高清电视的图像跟踪系统,充分利用其高分辨率特性,既可以实现运动目标地精确跟踪,又可以实时高速地显示图像。HDMI体系结构紧凑,使得图像跟踪系统更小巧轻便。     

电视经纬仪跟踪测量中运动目标快速识别定位算法

为解决电视经纬仪跟踪测量系统中对运动目标快速识别定位的要求,在深入分析运动目标特性和电视经纬仪跟踪测量系统特点的基础上,利用经纬仪角度变化信息,对运动目标图像序列进行帧间差值计算以获得目标残差图,并基于残差图提出了一种新型的运动目标快速识别方法,大大减少了运算量. 结合中值滤波和图像二值化,实现了运动目标的快速定位. 通过对目标实测图像序列的实验, 结果证明：该算法具有快速、稳定、有效等优点,能够满足电视经纬仪跟踪测量系统对运动目标快速识别定位的要求.     

差分图像运动监测仪的数值模拟与对比实验研究

差分图像运动监测仪广泛应用于视宁度的实时测量.利用随机相位屏和光学离焦像差模拟差分图像运动,分析了差分图像运动监测仪的测量准确度,结果表明差分图像运动监测仪能够可靠地测量地面处湍流.在国家天文台兴隆观测站,开展了两台相同硬件配置的差分图像运动监测仪的对比实验,分析曝光时间的影响和测量结果的相关性.结果表明:有限曝光时间降低差分图像运动,使视宁度值测量值偏小;视宁度测量结果的时间变化趋势和统计结果一致性较好.     

光速处理的高精度光电混合相关探测图像运动位移

为测量航天遥感相机因姿态不稳定以及各种扰动引起的图像运动,提出了基于光速处理的高精度光电混合相关探测测量方法.利用高速CCD和主CCD对同一目标进行成像,在曝光时间内高速CCD获取序列图像,利用联合变换相关器对所采集的图像序列进行光学运算,测量出相邻序列图像的运动位移.阐述了光学相关方法测量图像运动的原理,并模拟分析了噪声和不同运动条件下的测量精度.建立了相应的测量像移的实验系统,实验数字模拟及实验结果都证实了该方法的有效性,测量精度优于0.1像元,满足卫星遥感相机的使用要求.     

基于FPGA和DSP的图像压缩系统设计

针对图像采集系统数据传输压力大、误码率高的问题,设计了基于FPGA和DSP的图像压缩系统;设计以FPGA为中心控制单元控制图像采集以及与上位机之间进行数据通信,DSP完成对图像数据的压缩处理;并在此基础上,设计了模拟视频接口和数字视频接口;通过大量的实验证明,该系统稳定性很高,在较高的压缩比下,图像失真率极低,在工业控制领域具有一定的参考价值。     

基于感兴趣区域的幅型比变换新方法

基于人类视觉系统对运动目标比较敏感的特性,提出了一种新的幅型比变换方法.综合时空信息提取视频序列中的运动目标,利用图像修复技术对被提取运动目标后的视频图像进行背景修补.采用插值算法以不同的方式分别缩放运动目标和修复后的背景,并将变换后的运动目标与背景相叠加合成相应幅型比的视频图像.实验结果表明：此方法避免了已有幅型比变换方法的缺陷,保证了变换后运动目标的无失真性,与人类的视觉感知有较好的一致性.     

基于感兴趣区域的幅型比变换新方法

基于人类视觉系统对运动目标比较敏感的特性,提出了一种新的幅型比变换方法.综合时空信息提取视频序列中的运动目标,利用图像修复技术对被提取运动目标后的视频图像进行背景修补.采用插值算法以不同的方式分别缩放运动目标和修复后的背景,并将变换后的运动目标与背景相叠加合成相应幅型比的视频图像.实验结果表明:此方法避免了已有幅型比变换方法的缺陷,保证了变换后运动目标的无失真性,与人类的视觉感知有较好的一致性.     

无机盐/陶瓷基超微结构多孔介质熔化过程传热研究

对一种应用于工业炉的蓄热器、太阳能中央接受塔的储能系统微米级颗粒度下含有无机盐的陶瓷多孔材料的熔化加热过程进行理论研究,在研究中考虑陶瓷基体和无机盐热物性、空隙率和融盐汽化率的影响。计算结果表明,较大的陶瓷骨架孔隙率和相变潜热、较小的导热系数造成温度和固液界面位置的变化变慢,但对气相界面的生成和移动影响不大。     

An automated ac-magnetic susceptibility apparatus

We report here both hardware and software for an ac susceptibility measurement system, namely the design and construction of the cryostat, coil system, sample rod assembly and also the automation of the sample rod movement, bridge control and nulling etc with the help of an inexpensive Z-80A microprocessor via a home-made IEEE-488 interface. The variable parameters are temperature, magnitude of the rms field and frequency. An entirely new dynamic bridge nulling algorithm with continuous sample movement, which eliminates to a large extent problems related to time-dependent drifts, has been developed. We also present some experimental data collected with this system.     

自动显微镜伺服控制系统的研制

研制了基于AT89C2051单片机的自动显微镜伺服控制系统。该系统采用分布式监控方式,由PC机经RS_232通信接口向单片机发送数据和命令,通过微控制器驱动控制环节和执行环节来实现显微镜载物台在X方向和Y方向上的二维运动(重复精度为±0.02mm),具有自动调焦(精度为0.5μm)和物镜的自动切换功能,能满足与医疗仪器主机配套的要求。该系统的研发不仅为显微镜的自动化作出了贡献,而且也将为提高我国显微镜的水平和行业的技术进步起到促进作用。     

A novel device for head gesture measurement system in combination with eye-controlled human–machine interface

This study describes the design and combination of an eye-controlled and a head-controlled human–machine interface system. This system is a highly effective human–machine interface, detecting head movement by changing positions and numbers of light sources on the head. When the users utilize the head-mounted display to browse a computer screen, the system will catch the images of the user's eyes with CCD cameras, which can also measure the angle and position of the light sources. In the eye-tracking system, the program in the computer will locate each center point of the pupils in the images, and record the information on moving traces and pupil diameters. In the head gesture measurement system, the user wears a double-source eyeglass frame, so the system catches images of the user's head by using a CCD camera in front of the user. The computer program will locate the center point of the head, transferring it to the screen coordinates, and then the user can control the cursor by head motions. We combine the eye-controlled and head-controlled human–machine interface system for the virtual reality applications.     

光子计数模式下的目标探测与成像

 当光微弱到以单个光子发射时,成像系统只有利用光子计数模式才能探测到单光子信息。采用基于碰撞电离效应的全固态雪崩光电二极管作为探测元件,构成微光环境下的光子计数成像实验系统。该系统的硬件主要由雪崩光电二极管构成的单光子计数器、计算机、微光照度计、2维电控导轨、控制器、暗箱等组成。控制器的软件在Altera公司Quartus环境下设计,主要完成导轨运动的控制;上位机软件采用VC++编程实现系统的数据采集处理、系统功能控制和光子计数图像显示等。该系统为全固态结构,工作电压小于35 V,暗计数率小于4 Hz。所建光子计数成像系统在10－5 lx微光环境下实现了目标的探测成像。     

Interface study of ion irradiated Cu/Ni/Cu(0 0 2)/Si magnetic thin film by X-ray reflectivity

The irradiation effect of 1 MeV C⁺ on the interface and magnetic anisotropy of epitaxial Cu/Ni system with a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy was investigated by using magneto-optical Kerr effects, grazing incident diffraction and X-ray reflectivity. The magnetic easy-axis was altered from the direction along the surface normal to in-plane and the strain in the Ni layer was relaxed after ion irradiation. Though the interface between the top Cu layer and the Ni layer becomes rough, the contrast of electron densities of Cu and Ni layer increases and the grain-growth occurs during ion irradiation. These phenomena arise from thermo-chemical driving force, i.e. heat of formation, which may be a crucial factor in determining the interface shape in the case of indirect energy transfer mechanism. Therefore, the change of the magnetic anisotropy of the Ni/Cu system after ion irradiation is not due to the formation of the intermixed layer at the interface. The ion irradiation effects on the grain-growth and enhancement of the electronic contrast between Ni and Cu are explained by the interfacial atomic movement caused by thermo-chemical driving force.     

判读仪输片系统的PC机控制

KD—9B型判读仪用步进电机为动力,借助输片齿轮驱动胶片,取代传统的抓片式间隙输片机构。本文介绍PC机控制输片系统的原理和实现方法。     

Design of a computer game using an eye-tracking device for eye's activity rehabilitation

An eye mouse interface that can be used to operate a computer using the movement of the eyes is described. We developed this eye-tracking system for eye motion disability rehabilitation. When the user watches the screen of a computer, a charge-coupled device will catch images of the user's eye and transmit it to the computer. A program, based on a new cross-line tracking and stabilizing algorithm, will locate the center point of the pupil in the images. The calibration factors and energy factors are designed for coordinate mapping and blink functions. After the system transfers the coordinates of pupil center in the images to the display coordinate, it will determine the point at which the user gazed on the display, then transfer that location to the game subroutine program. We used this eye-tracking system as a joystick to play a game with an application program in a multimedia environment. The experimental results verify the feasibility and validity of this eye-game system and the rehabilitation effects for the user's visual movement.     

Ultrasonically assisted turning of aviation materials: simulations and experimental study

Ultrasonically assisted turning of modern aviation materials is conducted with ultrasonic vibration (frequency f approximately 20 kHz, amplitude a approximately 15 microm) superimposed on the cutting tool movement. An autoresonant control system is used to maintain the stable nonlinear resonant mode of vibration throughout the cutting process. Experimental comparison of roughness and roundness for workpieces machined conventionally and with the superimposed ultrasonic vibration, results of high-speed filming of the turning process and nanoindentation analyses of the microstructure of the machined material are presented. The suggested finite-element model provides numerical comparison between conventional and ultrasonic turning of Inconel 718 in terms of stress/strain state, cutting forces and contact conditions at the workpiece/tool interface.