叶片出口角对离心泵流动诱导噪声的影响研究

文采用CFD与声学求解器耦合计算的方法,对一离心泵在不同叶片出口角下的内部流场及其外辐射声场进行了数值计算.通过对比不同出口角下离心泵模型的水力特性、流场内特性及压力脉动来分析叶片出口角对离心泵流场及流动诱导噪声的影响。流场计算结果表明,出口角从18°增加到39°,扬程升高6.48%而效率下降10.89%;出口角增加,导致基频处压力脉动强度降低而二阶谐频处脉动强度增加,脉动总强度增加。蜗壳外表面在二阶谐频处振速明显高于其它频率下的振速.外声场声压级的指向性曲线显示,出口角增大,声压级增大,出口角为39°时声压级比出口角为18°时声压级高出约8.6 dB.     

横流风机轴向交错叶轮的噪声研究

本文研究了横流风机轴向交错叶轮的气动及噪声特性。首先进行了横流风机的气动性能实验并开展数值解析。用数值解析得到的固壁表面脉动压力进行噪声预测,噪声预测模型采用Farassat 1A方程。在预测过程中对叶轮交错角做出假设,转化成各节叶轮流场的时间延迟,并考虑了风机轴向长度带来的影响。计算结果给出了单一叶片周向旋转噪声辐射的分布情况,分析了噪声源的位置和机理。预测的远场声压从时域和频域与相应的五种具有不同轴向交错角度叶轮的实验结果相验证,揭示了风机的叶片通过频率噪声随叶轮交错角度的变化规律。     

贯流风机内动静干扰发声机理的研究

本文通过实验与数值计算方法,探讨了贯流风机内动静干扰的现象及其诱导的噪声特性.文中给出了贯流风机流场的三维大涡数值计算结果,分析了声源场的特性,指出贯流风机流场具有较强的随机性。分别对直叶轮及斜叶轮气动性能及远场噪声进行实验测量,讨论了两种叶轮的优劣性。使用微压传感器对蜗舌出口处边界层压力脉动进行采集,给出了此处边界层辐射噪声源的相关分析.通过对实验结果分析指出声源脉动的宽频特性是被测风机噪声呈现宽频的主要原因。     

低A声级贯流风机叶片周向角不等距优化设计

叶轮产生离散噪声的原因是叶片间周向夹角均匀布置,因此降低叶轮离散噪声的有效手段就是破坏叶片周向夹角的均匀布置,通过合理布置各叶片夹角降低叶轮离散噪声。本文提出了采用叶片周向角不等距布置降低叶轮总离散噪声A声级的一种优化设计模型,模型充分考虑了A计权函数与波动力对脉动流场响应参数Sc乘积有关的综合衰减曲线的高低频段衰减较大的特性和人可听域频率范围在20-2000Hz之间的特点,通过算例验证采用该模型可以降低总离散噪声A声级。     

基于Omega涡识别方法的离心泵内非定常流动数值评价

离心泵内部非定常流动与流场中生成的旋涡密切相关.本文采用Omega涡识别方法研究离心泵流场涡结构及非定常流动特性,阈值选择为0.51.分析得出LES湍流模型相对比其他两种湍流模型涡识别结果更为细致,对叶片流道中的小涡结构可以很好地捕捉.设计工况下,LES模型识别出的涡面积数值是DDES模型的1.15倍,是SSTk-ω模型的1.55倍.压力脉动受流场空间位置与工况影响较大,其主要激励为叶频,并且压力脉动强度与涡面积密切相关.叶轮出口处的涡结构周期性脱落,在隔舌处会撞击隔舌而破裂.离心泵动静干涉的产生与叶轮出口处的涡结构脱落有关.     

离心泵导叶流道进口处压力脉动研究

为研究离心泵导叶流道进口处压力脉动的分布及传播规律,深入探究导叶式离心泵内动静干涉作用机理。试验采集某核级离心泵相邻两个导叶流道进口处压力脉动信号,并对其进行分析。结果表明:模态节径模式分析方法可以用来分析预测压力脉动主要特征频率成分,导叶流道进口处压力脉动主要为叶片通过频率及其倍频,并以此形式沿叶轮旋转方向向下传播。相同导叶流道进口处流体流动具有不均匀性,各测点压力脉动主要特征频率及最大幅值对应频率不同。压力脉动在叶片通过频率及其倍频处相关性强,随着流量增大至设计工况,压力脉动能量逐渐集中到叶片通过频率及其倍频处。研究可为降低泵内压力脉动提供一定参考。     

海军工程大学振动与噪声研究所武汉430033）

叶轮产生离散噪声的原因是叶片间周向夹角均匀布置，因此降低叶轮离散噪声的有效手段就是破坏叶片周向夹角的均匀布置，通过合理布置各叶片夹角降低叶轮离散噪声。本文提出了采用叶片周向角不等距布置降低叶轮总离散噪声A声级的一种优化设计模型，模型充分考虑了A计权函数与波动力对脉动流场响应参数SC乘积有关的综合衰减曲线的高低频段衰减较大的特性和人可听域频率范围在20∽20000Hz之间的特点，通过算例验证采用该模型可以降低总离散噪声A声级。     

分半错列离心叶轮对泵压力脉动特性的研究

为了减小离心泵的压力脉动,本文提出了一种新型分半错列叶轮结构,将叶轮分半错列,错列角度分别为10°、20°与30°,以比转速为69的离心泵为研究对象,对原模型、叶轮分半错列10°、20°与30°模型进行不同工况下数值计算,获得了泵水力性能与内部压力脉动特性。通过对比分析发现：相比与原始模型,采用分半错列叶轮能有效提高离心泵水力性能;当叶轮分半错列30°时,泵性能提升最大,叶轮与蜗壳间动静干涉作用大幅下降,泵内压力脉动能量降低。研究表明,分半错列离心叶轮是低噪声泵设计可采用有效途径之一。     

开式轴流风扇气动噪声预测

本文采用LES/FW-H的匹配方法,研究了开式轴流风扇内部旋涡流动特征及其与叶片表面干涉引起的气动噪声之间的联系,同时进行了远场噪声预测,探讨了叶轮不同表面辐射噪声时的频谱分布特征.研究结果表明,开式轴流风扇吸力面附近形成的叶尖涡和前缘分离涡在吸力面叶片表面相应位置形成大压力波动,形成主要噪声源;叶片吸力面的辐射噪声可以通过改善吸力面附近的旋涡流动来降低;低速轴流叶轮由叶轮壁面辐射的噪声以宽频成分为主.     

两级离心泵瞬态空化流动及压力脉动特性

针对两级离心泵瞬态空化流动及压力脉动特性,基于全空化和混合两相流模型,采用RNG k-ε方法对某两级离心泵内空化流动进行数值计算,获得了叶轮内空泡分布情况及压力脉动频谱特性曲线。结果表明;随着进口压力的降低,空化区域不断扩展,空化气体体积百分比在接近临界空化点处达到最大。由于叶轮与导叶之间的正对干涉,第一级叶轮流道内各个测点压力脉动的主导频率为15倍基频。可能由于级间干涉,使得蜗壳中截面测点压力脉动的主导频率为叶频的偶数倍频;随着进口压力的降低,隔舌附近测点压力脉动幅值逐渐增加,在临界空化点附近达到极大值。     

Experiments on the unsteady flow field and noise generation in a centrifugal pump impeller

This paper reports on an experimental investigation of large-scale flowfield instabilities in a pump rotor and the process of noise generation by these instabilities. Measurements of the fluctuating components of velocity and surface pressure were made with hot-wire probes and surface mounted pressure transducers on a seven bladed back swept centrifugal water pump impeller operating with air as the working fluid. The impeller was operated without a volute or scroll diffuser, thereby eliminating any sound generation from pressure fluctuations on the volute cutoff. Thus the study focused on flow field and noise components other than the blade passage frequency (and its harmonics). The primary goal of the study was to provide fundamental information on the unsteady flow processes, particularly those associated with the noise generation in the device. It was further anticipated that detailed flow measurements would be useful for the validation of future computational simulations.The measured data at the discharge show a jet-wake type of flow pattern which results in a strong vorticity field. The flow with high velocity found on the pressure side of the impeller tends to move to the low-pressure region present at the suction side of the passage as a form of roll-up around the blade trailing edge. This motion causes an unsteady flow separation at the suction side of the blade and consequently disturbs the flow in the adjacent passage. By interacting with the impeller blades near the trailing edges, this instability flow causes a periodic pressure fluctuation on the blade surface and generates noise by a trailing edge generation mechanism. The spectrum of surface pressure measured at the trailing edge of each blade reveals a cluster of peaks which were identified with azimuthal mode numbers. The correlation between the acoustic farfield pressure and the surface pressure on the impeller blade has proven that the azimuthal modes synchronized with the number of impeller blades generate noise much more efficiently than the other modes. The paper also clarifies the correlation between unsteady flowfield measurements, in both impeller and laboratory co-ordinates, with the radiated noise properties. Thus some light is shed on the noise generation mechanisms of this particular device.     

计及几何参数变化的离心压气机特性分析

本文采用CFD软件对微型燃机的离心叶轮进行数值模拟,讨论了叶片数及分流叶片位置对叶轮性能的影响,并进行了流场分析。在本文研究的情况中,叶片数增加使得性能曲线左移,单个叶片载荷减小,损失增加,叶轮效率下降, 但是增压效果得到改善。分流叶片位置靠近主叶片压力面时,性能曲线右移,流通能力提高,同时会使分流叶片的载荷增大,当分流叶片靠近主叶片压力面时,则情况相反。     

Experimental and numerical studies on the discrete noise about the cross-flow fan with block-shifted impellers

The experimental and numerical studies have been carried out to investigate the blade passage frequency (BPF) noise of a cross-flow fan (CFF) with the block-shifted impeller. Firstly, the aeroacoustic and aerodynamic features about the five different block-shifted impellers have been obtained experimentally. Secondly, the dynamic pressure sensors were put in the noise generating surfaces to investigate the pressure fluctuations generated by the shifted blocks in the near-field through the cross-correlation analysis. Thirdly, the two-dimensional (2D) unsteady flow field has been simulated by commercial CFD software and the vortex flow patterns and the unsteady force of the blade have been analyzed to detect the noise source about the CFF. Finally, the noise properties about the CFF were predicted by a hybrid method through the Farassat’s equation and the surface pressure fluctuations were provided by the CFD simulations. A simplified theory model has also been built up at the same time. The comparisons are made between the results of hybrid method and the theory model to validate the correctness of the noise prediction methods. The accuracy of these results was also evaluated by the corresponding experimental ones. The results indicate that the impellers with different block-shifted angles are the same in aerodynamic performance but different in the BPF noise. The relations between the shifted angles and the BPF noise levels have been predicted and discussed for the noise reduction.     

Experimental and numerical investigation of the unsteady flow field and tone generation in an isolated centrifugal fan impeller

In spite of a low circumferential Mach number the sound of isolated centrifugal fan impellers is sometimes dominated by distinctive tones at blade passing frequency (BPF) and integer multiples. This paper reports on an experimental and numerical investigation intended to unveil the tone generating mechanism. The sound spectra from three impellers operating at a large range of speed were measured and decomposed into Strouhal and Helmholtz number dependent functions. This led to the preliminary conclusion that the BPF related tones are exclusively flow-induced. Based on hot-wire and blade pressure fluctuation measurements and a subsequent correlation analysis, coherent flow structures different from those associated with the principal azimuthal flow pattern due to the blades were detected. Eventually a numerical three-dimensional unsteady flow simulation revealed an inlet vortex. It takes on a helical form, with the vortex core slowly varying its position with respect to the impeller center. As the blades cut through that quasi-stationary helical vortex they encounter blade force fluctuations, producing the BPF tones. Slow spin of the vortex core and slow variation of vortex strength were identified as the reasons for amplitude modulation of the BPF tone.     

弯曲母线离心叶轮设计方案比较、分析

为了探讨叶型弯曲不同分布对叶轮效率的影响,本文使用三元粘性数值模拟方法,对几个具有弯曲母线的离心叶轮进行了分析比较,在减损机理、特别是设计准则方面进行了摸索和探讨。     

Noise reduction in centrifugal fans: A literature survey

This paper summarizes the research work done by various experimenters during the last fifteen years. Only those investigations are included in which an attempt was made to reduce the generated sound by modifying the fan itself. Noise attenuation by applying any kind of silencer is not the subject of this paper. Most of the work described was aimed at reducing the blade passage sound, but in some cases a decrease of the broad band noise was also obtained. Three different centrifugal impeller designs are dealt with: multi-vane impellers with forward curved blades, impellers with backward curved blades, and impellers with radial blades.     

大小叶片贯流风机内流特性分析与实验研究

为降低空调用贯流风机的噪声,改善音质,通过采用直叶片贯流风轮达到斜扭叶片贯流风轮的音质和低噪声特性,从而降低贯流风轮的制造成本,本文设计了大小叶片交错组合的新型非等距贯流风机,并采用滑动网格对其内流特性进行了非定常数值模拟,同时对其气动噪声特性进行了实验研究.大小叶片贯流风机的偏心涡基本稳定在叶轮中心与蜗舌相连的切线上,位于叶轮内圆周附近.风轮非定常运转时,偏心涡的涡核位置在直径为2mm的圆所围成的区域内变化.大小叶片交错组合的贯流风轮改变了叶轮与蜗舌的间距,有效地降低叶片通过频率噪声并改善了音质.采用大小叶片交错组合的贯流风轮能够达到斜扭叶片贯流风机的降噪效果.     

离心泵叶轮参数对进口回流的影响

本文对不同叶片进口角、叶片数、不同叶顶间隙的开式和闭式离心叶轮共12种叶轮的进口流场和回流发生情况进行了探针的动态测试和可视化观察．弄清了上述叶轮参数对进口回流初始流量和进口流场的影响．     

涡轮桨搅拌槽内混合特性模拟研究

本文选用多重参考系法对搅拌桨进行模拟.对桨叶倾斜角度为90°(轴流型)、60°、45°和30°时混合效果进行比较,得到45°折叶涡轮搅拌桨的单位体积混合能最低.考察不同监测点对混合效果的响应情况,发现液面监测点混合时间稍长,桨叶部分监测点混合时间最短,随着桨叶倾斜角度增大,不同监测点混合时间差别变大.     

Numerical and experimental investigations of the unsteady aerodynamics and aero-acoustics characteristics of a backward curved blade centrifugal fan

A numerical study of the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic behaviors of a backward curved blade centrifugal fan was conducted under two important flow conditions: BEP and 1.3 × BEP. Three-dimensional numerical simulations of the complete unsteady flow field for the whole impeller-volute configuration were used to determine the aeroacoustic sources. To locate the unsteady flow and perturbations, the near field wall pressure fluctuations at different strategic points on the volute were computed using the URANS approach. Thus the intensities and positions of the aeroacoustic sources were identified by analyzing frequency spectra. The aeroacoustic sources caused by fluctuations in the interactions of the flows leaving the impeller and volute were close to the volute tongue, and the most effective noise sources related to the flow rate were near the impeller shrouds. In addition, the unsteady flow variables provided by CFD calculations were used as inputs in the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equation to estimate the noise tones of the fan. The aeroacoustic calculation results showed that the volute noise was much larger than the blade noise, and the noise mainly propagated from the outlet duct of the fan. Moreover, to account for the noise propagation, three calculation methods were used by applying different solid boundaries. Compared with the other methods, the FEM method, which accounted for the complex solid boundaries, produced good agreement and showed that the complex solid boundaries cannot be neglected in aeroacoustic predictions. The calculation results showed good agreement with the experimental results.