核磁共振实验教学内容的重组与优化

探索研究了一种将连续核磁共振和脉冲核磁共振有机融合的实验教学方法.在实验中,利用多媒体课件展示核磁共振的物理原理,学生分别采用连续和脉冲核磁共振方法测量同样浓度的CuSiO4水溶液的表观弛豫时间和横向弛豫时间,了解样品浓度、磁场非均匀度等因素对横向弛豫时间测量的影响.     

自旋回波法测量弛豫时间

本文报导利用我们自己研制的ZHP—1型自旋回波谱仪测量弛豫时间的有关问题,目的是为了在近代物理实验中让学生: (1) 了解脉冲核磁共振的基本实验装置和基本物理思想,学会用经典矢量模型方法解释脉冲核磁共振中的一些物理现象;     

不同浓度FeCl3·6H2O,CuSO4·5H2O和MnCl2·4H2O溶液核磁共振横向弛豫时间研究

利用核磁共振技术,测量了不同浓度的FeCl3.6H2O,CuSO4.5H2O和MnCl2.4H2O水溶液的核磁共振信号及横向弛豫时间.实验结果表明横向弛豫时间T2与顺磁离子浓度成反比关系,并由实验结果获得了通过核磁共振横向弛豫时间测量离子浓度的方法.     

连续波核磁共振吸收的频域测量

目前连续波和脉冲核磁共振实验教学普遍侧重于时域观测.针对该问题,在原有主体设备环境中,配合通用仪器实施核磁共振吸收的频域测量.由稳压源输出提供变容二极管偏压而调节振荡频率,利用交流信号源简谐励磁电流调制磁场,采用锁相放大技术实现核磁共振吸收频域微分测量.实验结果直观准确地显示了同一物质在相同实验环境中核磁共振吸收的时域和频域特性.本工作不仅拓展了实验教学内容并加深对实验技术的理解,也为不同对象的个性化学习需要提供层次化教学环境.     

核磁共振技术测量生物骨密度的设备及方法

诊断骨质疏松症多采用双能X射线吸收方法测得的骨密度数据作为依据,但是该方法存在一定量的辐射,且准确性不高.该文设计并改进了一套核磁共振装置,通过在发射和接收线圈之间增加快速切换开关(Q-switch),使得核磁共振自旋回波的回波时间缩短至80μs的超短回波时间范围,实现了对T_2弛豫时间很短的骨组织核磁共振自旋回波信号的采集;将T_2弛豫时间谱和双能X射线方法测量的骨密度数据进行了对比研究,发现核磁共振T_2弛豫时间谱上300~500μs之间的峰值与骨密度之间具有良好的线性关系,随着骨密度的增大,相应的T_2弛豫时间峰值缩短;利用核磁共振T_2弛豫时间谱技术,结合双能X射线吸收方法,提出了一种测量生物离体骨骼样本骨密度的方法.该测量方案具有测量速度快、对人体完全无害、跨时期比较性强等优点,很好的弥补了现有测量方法的不足,在骨质疏松症的诊断和疗效评估中有着良好的应用前景.     

核磁共振测量乙醇汽油低含水量的实验探索

为了探索利用核磁共振技术测量乙醇汽油低含水量的方法,测量了不同含水量乙醇汽油的核磁共振横向弛豫时间,发现横向弛豫时间不随含水量的变化而呈现一定规律性的变化,因而尝试加入NH4NO3、NaOH、CuSO4和MnCl2.4H2O来扩大含水量对核磁共振横向弛豫时间的影响。实验结果表明：加入MnCl2.4H2O可使横向弛豫时间随含水量的增加而增加,并拟合出了相应的经验公式。在此基础上提出了乙醇汽油低含水量的核磁共振测量方法,通过测量实例验证了这一方法的有效性和可靠性。     

核磁共振弛豫时间测量数据处理方法的讨论

分析和讨论了在超小型核磁共振成像仪测量弛豫时间T1的数据处理方法中存在的问题,并提出了测量方法和数据拟合的改进方案.     

脉冲核磁共振测定化学位移的实验

针对高校物理实验中近代物理开设不足之处,提出了开设脉冲核磁共振测定化学位移的实验,根据设定的实验方案,测量并计算出二甲苯的化学位移,实现了由理论向应用转化的初步探索。     

磁共振实验温度漂移对磁场及测量的影响

近代物理实验除了明确的物理教学内容,还涉及到多方面的实验测量技术原理.实验教学中引导学生了解测量传感技术原理,掌握实验设计构思,有助于学生更好地理解实验的物理内容,也是对基础物理实验知识的综合运用.尽管磁共振吸收与霍尔效应在物理原理上不存在明显关联,但基于对磁场温度漂移准确测量分析需要,使充分理解霍尔效应成为掌握磁共振准确测量的必要技术环节.尽管教学实验测量数据仅满足于半定量分析,但简单实验观测结果足以帮助学生领会认真完成实验的关键步骤.多年实验教学经验表明,教师与学生的教学互动,或者学生的集体讨论分析,都是物理实验课堂教学的重要环节.     

基于差分进化算法的核磁共振T2谱多指数反演

提出了一种基于差分进化(DE)算法的核磁共振弛豫信号多指数反演新方法.将核磁共振T2谱反演问题转化为带非负约束的非线性优化问题,不需要预先给定横向弛豫时间T2分布,直接利用差分进化算法进行反演计算.在测量信号低信噪比的情况下,计算机模拟和实验数据反演鄙表明了该方法在分析处理NMR弛豫信号中的有效性.     

The virtual NMR spectrometer: a computer program for efficient simulation of NMR experiments involving pulsed field gradients

This paper presents a software program, the Virtual NMR Spectrometer, for computer simulation of multichannel, multidimensional NMR experiments on user-defined spin systems. The program is capable of reproducing most features of the modern NMR experiment, including homo- and heteronuclear pulse sequences, phase cycling, pulsed field gradients, and shaped pulses. Two different approaches are implemented to simulate the effect of pulsed field gradients on coherence selection, an explicit calculation of all coherence transfer pathways, and an effective approximate method using integration over multiple positions in the sample. The applications of the Virtual NMR Spectrometer are illustrated using homonuclear COSY and DQF COSY experiments with gradient selection, heteronuclear HSQC, and TROSY. The program uses an intuitive graphical user interface, which resembles the appearance and operation of a real spectrometer. A translator is used to allow the user to design pulse sequences with the same programming language used in the actual experiment on a real spectrometer. The Virtual NMR Spectrometer is designed as a useful tool for developing new NMR experiments and for tuning and adjusting the experimental setup for existing ones prior to running costly NMR experiments, in order to reduce the setup time on a real spectrometer. It will also be a useful aid for learning the general principles of magnetic resonance and contemporary innovations in NMR pulse sequence design.     

A computer algorithm for the simulation of any nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging method

More than a dozen Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) imaging methods have been described using different radio-frequency pulse sequences, magnetic field gradient variations, and data processing. In order to have a theoretical understanding in the most general case, we have conceived a computer program for the simulation of NMR imaging techniques. The algorithm uses the solution of the Bloch equations at each point of a simulated object. The direction of every elementary magnetic moment is computed at each instant, and stored in an array giving the global signal to be processed, whatever the pulse and gradient sequence. To test the validity of this program, we have simulated some well-known experimental results. Some applications are presented which contribute to the understanding of image distortions and to techniques such as selective radio-frequency pulse or oscillating gradients. This program can be used to unravel physical and technological causes of image distortions, to have a "microscopic" look at any parameter of an experiment, and to study the contrast given by various NMR imaging techniques as a function of the three NMR parameters, i.e., the hydrogen nuclei density rho and the relaxation times T1 and T2.     

在物理实验中引入通用数据采集器搭建自组实验平台的研究

文章以集成霍尔传感器特性研究实验为例,介绍在物理实验教学中引入通用数据采集器搭建自组实验平台的具体应用．实验中所用设备都为传统通用设备,实验现象直接由计算机显示,实验数据导出为Excel文档,利于数据处理、分析．既保留了传统仪器的所有功能,又增加了现代测量手段的自动采集、显示、分析功能．培养学生把多种物理知识交叉使用来解决实际问题．     

虚拟仪器在大学物理实验中的应用

大学物理实验向来是本科教学中的重要环节,将计算机技术与大学物理实验的演示和教学结合起来是未来教学的必然趋势．本文基于Labwindows／CVI开发环境,配合NI-6009数据采集卡,以“非平衡电桥应用”等实验为例,用虚拟仪器来实现大学物理实验的数据采集、处理过程,不仅使开发物理实验软件的过程相对简单,而且可以使大学物理实验更加生动、直观,从而提高大学物理实验教学质量．     

ODIN-object-oriented development interface for NMR

A cross-platform development environment for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments is presented. It allows rapid prototyping of new pulse sequences and provides a common programming interface for different system types. With this object-oriented interface implemented in C++, the programmer is capable of writing applications to control an experiment that can be executed on different measurement devices, even from different manufacturers, without the need to modify the source code. Due to the clear design of the software, new pulse sequences can be created, tested, and executed within a short time. To post-process the acquired data, an interface to well-known numerical libraries is part of the framework. This allows a transparent integration of the data processing instructions into the measurement module. The software focuses mainly on NMR imaging, but can also be used with limitations for spectroscopic experiments. To demonstrate the capabilities of the framework, results of the same experiment, carried out on two NMR imaging systems from different manufacturers are shown and compared with the results of a simulation.     

基于Internet/Intranet的大学物理实验系统

利用计算机技术、传感技术和校园网，将现代教育技术引入大学普通物理实验教学中，实现实验数据的自动采集，基于网络的实验预习和实验报告写作、递交、批改及管理等功能．     

Nuclear magnetic resonance in inhomogeneous magnetic fields

The response of the spin system has been investigated by numerical simulations in the case of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment performed in inhomogeneous static and radiofrequency fields. The particular case of the NMR-MOUSE was considered. The static field and the component of the radiofrequency field perpendicular to the static field were evaluated as well as the spatial distribution of the maximum NMR signal detected by the surface coil. The NMR response to various pulse sequences was evaluated numerically for the case of an ensemble of isolated spins (1/2). The behavior of the echo train in Carr-Purcell-like pulse sequences used for measurements of transverse relaxation and self-diffusion was simulated and compared with the experiment. The echo train is shown to behave qualitatively differently depending on the particular phase schemes used in these pulse sequences. Different echo trains are obtained, because of the different superposition of Hahn and stimulated echoes forming mixed echoes as a result of the spatial distribution of pulse flip angles. The superposition of Hahn and stimulated echoes originating from different spatial regions leads to distortions of the mixed echoes in intensity, shape, and phase. The volume selection produced by Carr-Purcell-like pulse sequences is also investigated for the NMR-MOUSE. The developed numerical simulation procedure is useful for understanding a variety of experiments performed with the NMR-MOUSE and for improving its performance. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

开设核磁共振实验的探讨

针对目前高校理科物理专业近代物理实验中核磁共振实验开放现状的不足之处，提出了在核磁共振基本实验中增加脉冲核磁共振实验内容的设想，并在分析了该设想可行性的基础上设计了实验方案。     

基于神光Ⅲ原型装置的激光加载条件下准等熵压缩实验研究进展

激光加载条件下的准等熵压缩实验逐渐受到重视.在间接驱动方式下,利用气库靶的方式可以获得准等熵压缩的实验数据.自由面速度和界面速度是两种常用的准等熵压缩诊断对象.气库靶驱动准等熵压缩方式效率较低,但是对打靶激光的强度变化不敏感.长脉冲打靶的直接驱动方式驱动效率较高,但对激光强度变化非常敏感.基于神光Ⅲ原型装置,本文介绍了气库靶驱动的准等熵压缩实验靶型、部分实验结果,并分析了实验中的关键技术,为气库靶驱动准等熵压缩实验技术提供了思路.同时,介绍了长脉冲直接驱动准等熵压缩实验的靶型、典型实验结果,并分析了致盲效应的影响.利用激光直接驱动的方式,获得了三台阶Al/LiF界面的加载过程.该数据是目前国内使用该技术获得的最好数据.通过这些实验结果,证明了在神光Ⅲ原型上开展准等熵压缩实验的可行性.     

基于2D开源视频分析和建模软件Tracker研究抛体运动实验

以抛体运动实验的视频分析为例,具体介绍如何使用开源视频分析和建模软件Tracker对抛体运动实验进行分析.期望能在国内物理教学中,推广使用这类低成本的开源软件,激发学生探索隐藏在物理实验背后的物理规律的兴趣,扩展分析物理实验的手段.