IGCC空气侧整体综合优化的研究

主要符号表X。。氮气回注系数如空分整体化系数E。；c燃气轮机压气机效率G。l回注氮气流量万燃气轮机透平前温尼。”系统相对效率G。。煤气氮气掺混流量Ea；，c空气专用压缩机效率N。”系统相对功率1前言整体煤气化联合循环（IGCC）系统模拟与优化逐步受到重视，开展了许多相关研究［‘－‘］。但是，现有的方法［‘，‘］一个突出的问题，它是在设定的具体流程方案下的数值分析，这常常导致落入“局部优化掩盖了整体最优”的误区。本文是研究以空分系统为中心的空气侧子系统的整体优化，阐述基本概念，尝试新方法，并结合大型商业化装…     

整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)损分布结构研究

整体煤气化联合循环是一种先进的洁净煤发电技术。本文应用#［1316］分析方法,研究IGCC中七个子系统（空分、气化、净化、压气机、燃烧室、透平、余热锅炉及汽机)的#［1316］损失分布,指出系统中最大#［1316］损失过程为煤气化、燃气轮机燃烧和空分过程。同时,揭示了系统随不同空气整体化和氮气回注的规律。这些研究可以指导下一代IGCC系统的改进     

IGCC中燃气轮机全工况网络特性

本文基于对ＩＧＣＣ系统的全面分析研究,归纳总结了导致燃气轮机工况变化的主要原因;应用双开口变量（整体空分系数（Ｘａｓ）和氮气回注系数（Ｘｇｎ））和折合系统效率的概念,建立了ＩＧＣＣ中燃气轮机全工况特性简化模型;并通过大量定量计算,得出不同Ｘａｓ和Ｘｇｎ组合条件下,ＩＧＣＣ中燃气轮机全工况网络特性,为确定系统变工况最佳调节规律提供全面信息。     

膨胀式空气涡轮火箭最大状态调节规律与性能分析

为了阐明进气预冷膨胀式空气涡轮火箭发动机在最大状态下的部件匹配规律和性能特点,基于ε—NTU法建立了换热有效度随工况改变的预冷器模型,完成了氢燃料发动机的性能仿真与分析。增大涡轮前压力、燃料流量,同时减小尾喷管喉道和出口面积,可实现压气机工作点沿等物理转速线由堵塞区向喘振边界移动,压气机压比及燃空比均增大。在此过程中,发动机若在低马赫数工作,尾喷管内燃气总压、总温升高使推力增大;在近堵塞区域,压比迅速增大导致比冲上升;在近喘振区域,压比增大减缓,燃空比的上升导致比冲下降。若在高马赫数工作,高温米流使压气机工作于低折合转速区域,工作点在等物理转速线上由堵塞区向喘振边界移动时,燃空比增加补偿了空气流量下降导致的推力衰减,总推力基本保持不变;由于低折合转速下压比增大减缓,增大的燃空比使比冲下降。     

燃气轮机燃用中低热值燃料性能优化方案研究

中低热值燃料燃气轮机对于我国建立清洁高效的能源体系具有重要作用。本文针对某型燃气轮机燃用天然气和中低热值燃料的性能进行模拟研究。单一调节方案结果表明:采用提高压比、关小压气机进口导叶、增加透平通流面积三种方案时性能较好,而降低燃烧室出口温度和压气机出口抽气方案性能较差。对多种复合方案进行比较,发现适当增大透平通流面积、关小进口导叶并允许适当提高压比、降低燃烧室出口温度的四方案联合调节,使燃气轮机性能总体较优。     

燃气轮机考虑经济性和环保因素的热力分析

主要符号表人，从，C，H年运行小时数对热效率风，i二1，2价格方程的系数Hu燃料低位发热量雷压比c燃料含碳百分比d贴现率，温比CO投资额J单位质量C02罚款Cj年均燃料费M比例系数下标Cth年均运行维修费N电站容量0基准值COE发电成本。运行年限C发电成本E考虑变工况的系数P单位功率价格…最佳值G空气流量马单位能量燃料价格，热效率G，燃料流量产年投资费用率1概述在进行动力机械的循环热力分析时，结合经济因素与环保因素来定量进行，是实际生产的要求，也是热力循环分析的一次创新。本文将以燃气轮机发电机组为例，对此进行首次试探，…     

PG9351FA燃机建模及改烧合成气的通流调整分析

在透平冷却空气量估算的基础上,建立了透平逐级计算、考虑IGV角度对压气机特性曲线影响的PG9351FA燃机变工况模型.针对改烧合成气带来的压气机喘振、通流匹配等问题,分析了关小IGV角度、增大透平通流面积、降低燃气轮机T3温度等几种不同的通流调整措施对燃气轮机最大出力、压气机喘振裕度以及燃气轮机整体性能的影响,提出了一...     

零排放燃气轮机的空气动力学特性

本文对采用二氧化碳作为基本工作流体的半闭环燃气轮机循环的空气动力学特性进行了详尽的分析.结果表明,不同工作流体的比热比值对压气机的压比、等熵效率及临界堵塞质量流量影响很大,并详细阐述了一种比热比对透平机械性能影响的修正方法,进而提出了一种零排放发动机的设计新思路,揭示了最初为空气工质而设计的压气机可以直接用于CO2零排放发动机中.     

基于三种气化炉的整体煤气化湿化燃气轮机循环热力性能分析

将燃料湿化和空气湿化应用到整体煤气化燃气轮机循环中,以降低NOx排放并有效利用系统低品位热。基于水煤浆、干煤粉及输运床三种气化炉,构建了多种整体煤气化湿化燃气轮机循环,分析了其热力性能并给出了湿化方式建议。研究表明：燃料湿化循环系统效率较高;空气湿化循环燃气轮机比功较大;整体煤气化湿化燃气轮机循环具有利用系统外部中低品...     

注蒸汽燃气轮机燃烧室和后燃室中燃料系数的计算方法

注蒸汽燃气轮机燃烧室和后燃室中燃料系数的计算方法杨玉顺，周伏秋，严家（哈尔滨工业大学动力工程系哈尔滨１５０００１）关键词：注蒸汽燃气轮机循环，湿燃气，燃料系数，注蒸汽比一、前言燃气轮机燃烧室（或后燃室）出口的燃气温度，是一个很重要的性能参数。它受设备...     

基于学习进阶理论的中学物理教学设计——以“探究圆柱凸透镜成像规律”为例

以学习进阶理论为指导,对"探究圆柱凸透镜成像规律"的教学进行设计.在学生原有认知的基础之上,根据学生的思维发展特点,确定"进阶起点和终点",规划"进阶路径",逐层递进,引导学生探究出圆柱凸透镜的成像规律,培养学生科学思维与解决实际问题的能力.     

Polarization properties of boson radiation

The polarization properties of boson radiation in a magnetic field have been studied, and expressions obtained for the integral intensity of boson and fermion radiation in a magnetic field which are suitable for random energies. The investigation of boson radiation in an external field is of limited practical interest; however, from the methodological point of view it is very instructive and has already been investigated by several authors [1, 2, 4], Also of undoubted interest is the comparison of boson and fermion (electron) radiation and hence the explanation of the role of spin in radiation.In conclusion the author expresses his deep appreciation to Prof. I, M. Ternov for assistance with the work and discussion of the results.     

On the possibilities of experimental demonstration of sub-Poissonian behaviour of light and photon anticorrelation in parametric nonlinear optical processes

Some difficulties of previously proposed experimental arrangements for demonstration of sub-Poissonian behaviour of light and photon anticorrelation in parametric nonlinear optical interactions with classical pumping are discussed and new proposals are put forward. Conditions for practical realization of the proposed experiments are stated with regard to the dispersion of nonlinear medium and the spectral width of interacting radiation. The observability of sub-Poissonian photocounting distribution and photon anticorrelation is discussed as well.List of abbreviations NOI nonlinear optical interaction - PNOI parametric nonlinear optical interaction - SHG second harmonic generation - SFG sum-frequency generation - PDC parametric down conversion - SPB sub-Poissonian behaviour - PAB photon antibunching - PAC photon anticorrelation The author would like to thank Dipl. Eng. J. Kepelka, PhD., from Joint Laboratory of Optics of Palacký University and Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in Olomouc for performing the numerical calculations.     

Computer-Based Course of Laboratory Works in Molecular Physics

The use of computer simulation for teaching physics and problems and specific features of a computer-based laboratory practical work are discussed. A series of computer-based laboratory works in molecular physics developed by the author is detailed.     

Can dispersion relations predict something about high energy behaviour of scattering amplitudes?

It is argued that dispersion relations do have some, though limited, predictive power provided that some qualitative features of scattering amplitudes are known or assumed. In the second half of the paper a method is described which can be used in practical calculations. The method is essentially a test of the analyticity of the scattering amplitude. The amplitude is given at lower energies by the experimental data and at asymptotic energies it is represented by an ansatz containing some free parameters.Presented at the Symposium on Hadron-Hadron Scattering at High Energies, Liblice, Czechoslovakia, June 16–21, 1975.The written version of talk has benefited considerably from conversations which the author had with ProfessorHöhler during the meeting at Liblice. I am indebted to him as well as toA. Nogová, P. Lichard andP. Prenajder for valuable discussions.     

设计性物理实验教学方法改革

大学物理设计性实验是提高大学生解决问题能力很好的手段,科学合理的教学模式是提高设计性实验教学效果的有力保障。通过黑盒子设计性实验,采用问卷调查等手段,总结出＂四级设计性教学模式＂。实践证明这种方法能够提高学生解决问题的能力,养成大学生分析问题的良好的学习习惯。     

Theory of the new high-efficiency absorbing and nonscattering coatings

On the basis of the impedance theory of absorption and scattering of sound that was earlier proposed by the author [Acoust. Phys. 52, Nos. 5, 6 (2006)], a general scheme of novel high-efficiency absorbing and nonscattering coatings is proposed. Such a coating is called a coating with an extended reaction. It consists of a set of discrete elements, each of which is in a certain way coupled with neighboring elements. The theory of this type of coating and the method for determining the best values of its parameters are presented. A planar coating with an extended reaction is analyzed in detail, and its efficiency is shown to be much higher than the efficiency of the coatings that are currently available for practical use.     

超导芯片铟焊质量试验研究

为考察超导芯片接地钎焊质量,参照电子元器件试验方法相关国家标准,模拟超导器件工作温度和真空环境制作了试验装置,对钎焊后的超导芯片样品进行了温度冲击试验、完整超导器件系列环境试验,并对试验数据和结果进行了分析。     

Integrated superconducting microtron

With the assumption that high temperature superconductivity will become practical and commercially available, the author discusses the practicality of and advantages to be gained by constructing an integrated superconducting microtron in an evacuated nitrogen or otherwise cooled vessel. Several proposals for electron feed systems are discussed     

Stochastic analog of the quantum theory of Coulomb problem

The path-integral formalism is used to show that the solution to a special stochastic process described by the non-linear Langevin equation can be converted into the quantum theory of the Coulomb problem. The conditional probability density for this stochastic process is obtained by explicit functional integration.The author thanks Professor M. Noga for the proposal of this problem, for helpful suggestions and valuable discussions. The author is also indebted to M. Bedná for critical comments.