有限宽光束在生物组织中传输的蒙特卡罗方法

基于光在生物组织中的传输理论,研究有限宽光束在生物组织中的传输特性.利用入射光强与格林函数进行卷积计算,推导了有限宽光束在圆柱坐标系下的光传输过程,给出了有限宽光束的光传输方程.以高斯光源和平圆光源为例,进一步给出了两种光源的有限宽光束在生物组织中的光传输方程.介绍了Monte Carlo方法原理及模拟光在多层生物组织中的传输过程.给出了典型三层生物组织的散射系数、吸收系数和折射率等光学参数.利用Monte Carlo方法模拟了有限宽光束在三层生物组织中的传输特性,对比研究了高斯光源和平圆光源有限宽光束在三层生物组织传输时光学参数漫透射率、漫反射率和光能流率的变化规律.这些参数的变化规律可为光在生物组织传输的实际应用提供理论指导.     

光在分层散射介质中传输行为的蒙特卡罗模拟研究

建立了光在发层散射介质中传输行为的蒙特卡罗模型,计算了皮肢层状结构的光传输特性,考虑联折射率不匹配带来的影响及不同光束特性（如均匀分布平面光场、高斯光束、光纤光束）对传输行为的影响,分析了分界面处光通量的传输特性,给出了不同特性光束的生物组织的表面漫射率曲线,比较了高斯光束和平面光场的卷积结果。     

Kerr非线性介质中聚焦像散高斯光束的传输特性

当高功率激光通过Kerr非线性介质传输时,Kerr效应会严重影响激光的传输特性.实际应用中常遇到像散光束.迄今为止,像散光束传输特性的研究大都局限于在线性介质中的传输,而在非线性介质中传输的研究较少,且还未涉及像散激光束通过含光学系统的Kerr非线性介质传输变换的研究.本文主要研究Kerr效应对聚焦光束像散特性和焦移特性的影响,以及聚焦像散高斯光束的自聚焦焦距和光束焦点调控.在光束扩展情况下,推导出了聚焦像散高斯光束在Kerr非线性介质中传输的束宽、束腰位置和焦移的解析公式,研究表明:在自聚焦介质中,随着自聚焦作用增强(如光束功率增强),光束像散越强,但焦移越小;在自散焦介质中,随着自散焦作用增强(如光束功率增强),光束像散越弱,但焦移越大.另一方面,在光束自聚焦情况下,推导出了自聚焦焦距的解析公式,研究表明利用光束像散可以调控光束焦点个数.     

斜程湍流大气中部分相干艾里光束的偏振特性研究

偏振是激光通信中保密编码的重要参数,研究斜程湍流大气中的偏振特性对激光通信具有重要意义。利用广义惠更斯-菲涅尔原理和偏振-相干统一理论,推导了无衍射的部分相干艾里高斯光束在斜程湍流大气传输中的偏振度解析式,详细研究了湍流参数、相干长度、天顶角、截断因子和分布因子对偏振度的影响。研究结果表明:与水平湍流相比,光束在斜程湍流下恢复到初始偏振需要更长的传输距离。天顶角、接收高度、截断因子、分布因子越大和相干长度越小,光束偏振度峰值也越大。高相干性的高斯光束比艾里光束更易于保持偏振度不变。无衍射艾里光束中选取合适的光学参数更有利于信息传输与编码,本文结果对激光大气通信领域有着潜在的应用价值。     

左手材料平板对傍轴高斯光束聚焦特性分析

在傍轴近似下,推导出了左手材料平板聚焦系统的传输矩阵,并利用ABCD定律得到了高斯光束在左手材料中和经过平板透镜聚焦后的传输公式。高斯光束在左手材料内部和像空间的传输公式的研究表明:像高斯光束和物高斯光束束腰大小一致,即左手材料平板透镜实际上对高斯光束没有聚焦作用。研究同时表明左手材料平板对高斯光束的聚焦与几何光学成像规律完全一致,而不存在一般透镜聚焦时的焦移效应。     

大气湍流对部分相干平顶高斯光束的影响

采用相屏近似处理方法对激光通过湍流大气的传输进行了数值模拟。从数值模拟的结果拟合出两个公式:一是通过湍流前后部分相干平顶高斯光束的束宽平方比随阶数、传输距离和湍流强度的变化关系式；一是通过湍流后的相干长度随初始光束相干长度、湍流相干长度的变化关系式。研究发现:部分相干平顶高斯光束分解为相互独立的厄米-高斯光束的叠加；相干性越差的光束受到湍流的影响程度就越小；湍流对光束传输的影响与光束自身相干特性对其传输的影响之间是不相关的。     

基于多模光纤的高斯光束平顶化整形技术

高功率平顶光束在激光加工领域具有广泛的应用。针对光束平顶化的问题,提出利用大芯径多模光纤对高斯光束整形的方法。采用RP Fiber Power建立高斯光束传输模型,仿真分析光纤内光束的传输及强度分布特性。研究结果表明,多模光纤对高斯光束具有整形作用。高斯光束经多模光纤传输后,传导模数量增加,能量由中心向径向移动,光束质量下降,能量分布趋于均匀化。光纤的芯径越大,传输长度越长,匀化效果越明显。采用D型纤芯结构,或凹面折射率分布光纤,均可快速匀化光束。     

扩束准直光学系统中光学元件失调对高斯光束传输变换的影响分析

基于广义惠更斯-菲涅尔衍射积分公式, 以高斯光束为激光束模型,推导了激光光束通过失调扩束准直光学系统的传输公式,分析了光学元件失调对扩束准直光学系统输出光束传输特性的影响,并在此基础上进行了仿真。实验结果表明,高斯光束通过失调扩束准直光学系统时,出射光束变为偏心高斯光束,光学元件失调程度越大,输出光束越偏离光轴,光束质量越差。在同样的失调下,长焦距光学元件对输出光束影响更大,因此在激光扩束准直光学系统中,调整长焦距光学元件更为重要。     

高斯-谢尔模光束通过光栅的远场特性

针对现代激光系统中使用的衍射光学元件,以高斯-谢尔模光束为研究对象,分析了部分相干光通过光栅后的远场特性。利用部分相干光的标量传播公式,对不同束腰宽度、相关长度和相干长度的高斯-谢尔模光束经光栅后的传输特性进行了数值计算,得到了多种情况下光束的远场强度分布。     

椭圆高斯光束在单轴晶体中垂直于光轴的传输特性

基于光束在各向异性介质中的傍轴矢量传输理论,导出了椭圆高斯光束在各向异性单轴晶体中垂直于光轴的传输公式,并利用此解析式进行数值计算和分析,研究了各向异性介质对x方向偏振的椭圆高斯光束偏振特性的影响. 研究表明,晶体的各向异性对光束的偏振和对称性有较大影响. 关键词： 椭圆高斯光束 单轴晶体 各向异性 传输     

一种五波长半导体激光生物组织辐照仪

采用GaAlAs单量子阱半导体激光器和LD泵浦的Nd:YVO4－KTP倍频激光器等研制了国内首台可从光导纤维输出5种波长的半导体激光生物组织辐照仪,该仪器已在激光生物医学领域投入应用．     

Widely tunable diffraction limited 1000 mW external cavity diode laser in Littman/Metcalf configuration for cavity ring-down spectroscopy

We report on recent progress on external cavity diode lasers (ECDL) using a new concept of a Littman/Metcalf configuration. Within this concept one facet of the diode laser chip is used for coupling to a high quality Littman/Metcalf resonator whereas the other side of the diode laser chip emits the output beam. The alignment of the external resonator is independent from the alignment of the output beam and there is no need for any compromise in the alignment. This results in an improved behavior of the external resonator with the benefit of a drastic increase in power and single mode tuning.We investigated this light source for high resolution spectroscopy in the field of cw-cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). The monitoring of environmental and medical gases from vehicles or human breath requires a suitable radiation source in the mid-infrared (MIR) between 3 and 5 μm that is frequency stable and can be widely tuned. Since this wavelength cannot be reached via direct emitting room temperature semiconductor lasers, additional techniques like difference frequency generation (DFG) are essential. Tunable difference frequency generation relies on high power, small linewidth, fast tunable, robust laser diode sources with excellent beam quality.With our new compact, alignment-insensitive and robust ECDL concept, we achieved an output power of 1000 mW and an almost Gaussian shaped beam quality (M²<1.2). The coupling efficiency for optical waveguides as well as single mode fibers exceeds 70%. The wavelength is widely tunable within the tuning range of 20 nm via remote control. This laser system operates longitudinally in single mode with a mode-hop free tuning range of more than 150 GHz without current compensation and a side-mode-suppression better than 50 dB. This concept is currently realized within the wavelength regime between 750 and 1080 nm.Our high powered Littman/Metcalf laser system was part of a MIR-light source which utilizes DFG in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystals. At the wavelength of 3.3 μm we were able to achieve a high-resolution absorption spectrum of water with four different isotoplogues of H₂O components. This application clearly demonstrates the suitability of this laser for high-precision measurements. PACS 07.57.Ty; 42.55.Px; 42.62.Fi     

多光子激发荧光与毛细管电泳联用的实验研究

将多光子激发荧光探测与毛细管电泳技术相结合,研制了多光子激发荧光 毛细管电泳联用装置。这种方法可以高效快速的分离检测复杂样品中多种不同的荧光分子。作者对5HT ,FAD ,NADH这三种重要的生物分子,不用染料标记,分别用双光子激发和三光子激发,进行了直接的分离、识别和检测。得到的检测限分别是5HT 1. 0×10 -6mol·L-1,FAD 7. 4×10 -7mol·L-1,NADH 9. 8×10 -7mol·L-1。5HT的检测限比紫外吸收低2个数量级;FAD和NADH的检测限比紫外吸收低1个数量级。     

Theoretical and experimental investigations on erbium-doped fiber amplifiers

A comprehensive model of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) is proposed in this paper, taking exited-state absorption (ESA), amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), background absorption, mode field, and Erbium ion radial distribution into account. Computer programs capable of handling forward, backward, and different wavelength bidirectional pumping are developed. Among other things, it is found that under typical conditions, Gaussian field approximations may cause considerable errors. The optimum V-value for small signal gain is much smaller than that for minimum Gaussian or Desurvire spot size; ASE propagating opposite to the pimp beam can be several times higher than at propagating along the pump beam, resulting in a faster-than-linear decrease of the pump power at its beginning portion. Experimental results of domestic-made erbium-doped fibers pumped by 980 nm and 1480 nm laser diodes are also given.     

近红外光谱范围人肝癌变和热凝固导致组织吸收和散射特性的变化

研究了人肝的癌变及热凝固导致其对710,730,750,770,790,810,830,850,870和890 nm的钛宝石激光的吸收和散射特性的变化,实验采用双积分球测量系统以及反向倍增法获取肝组织的吸收和散射特性参数.结果表明:人肝的癌变导致其吸收系数发生了显著的减小,其变化的最大值在850 nm,其值为86.12%,而变化的最小值在750 nm,其值为82.65%.正常人肝组织热凝固导致其吸收系数明显变化,其吸收系数的变化的最大值在710 nm,其值为79.55%,而变化的最小值在790 nm,其值为0.72%.人肝癌组织热凝固导致其吸收系数显著地增大,其变化的最大值在810 nm,其值为78.69%,而变化的最小值在710nm,其值为38.16%.人肝的癌变导致了肝组织的散射系数发生了显著的增大,其变化的最大值在710 nm,其值为158.37%,而变化的最小值在890 nm,其值为136.03%.正常人肝组织热凝固导致其散射系数显著地增大,其变化的最大值在890 nm,其值为632.92%,而变化的最小值在710 nm,其值为587.40%.人肝癌组织热凝固导致其散射系数显著地增大,其变化的最大值在810 nm,其值为384.25%,而变化的最小值在710 nm,其值为330.86%.肝组织的吸收和散射特性的变化也随着激光波长的变化而变化.     

All-optical logic gates with bacteriorhodopsin

All-optical logic gates with bacteriorhodopsin (bR) protein molecules have been demonstrated based on all-optical switching of a cw probe laser beam by multiple pulsed pump laser beams due to nonlinear intensity-induced excited-state absorption. A cw probe laser beam at 640 nm corresponding to the peak absorption of O-state in the bR photocycle is switched by a pulsed pump laser beam at 570 nm corresponding to the maximum initial B state absorption, at relatively low powers. The switching characteristics have been used to design all-optical NOT and the universal NOR and NAND logic gates and the effect of various parameters such as variation in pump pulse width, pump intensity, lifetime of O state and absorption cross-section of the B state at probe wavelength on the switching characteristics has been analyzed.     

Self-Focusing of Quadruple Gaussian Laser Beam in an Inhomogenous Magnetized Plasma with Ponderomotive Non-Linearity: Effect of Linear Absorption

The propagation of quadruple Gaussian laser beam in a plasma characterized by axial inhomogeneity and nonlinearity due to ponderomotive force in the paraxial ray approximation is investigated. An appropriate expression for the nonlinear dielectric constant has been developed in the presence of external magnetic field, with linear absorption and due to saturation effects for arbitrary large intensity. The effects of different types of plasma axial inhomogeneities on self-focusing of laser beam have been studied with the typical laser and plasma parameters. Self-focusing of quadruple Gaussian laser beam in the presence of externally applied magnetic field and saturating parameter is found significantly improved in the case of extraordinary mode. Our results reveal that initially converging beam shows oscillatory convergence whereas initially diverging beam shows oscillatory divergence. The beam is more focussed at lower intensity in both cases viz. extraordinary and ordinary mode.     

Self-Focusing of Quadruple Gaussian Laser Beam in an Inhomogenous Magnetized Plasma with Ponderomotive Non-Linearity:Effect of Linear Absorption

The propagation of quadruple Gaussian laser beam in a plasma characterized by axial inhomogeneity and nonlinearity due to ponderomotive force in the paraxial ray approximation is investigated.An appropriate expression for the nonlinear dielectric constant has been developed in the presence of external magnetic field,with linear absorption and due to saturation effects for arbitrary large intensity.The effects of different types of plasma axial inhomogeneities on self-focusing of laser beam have been studied with the typical laser and plasma parameters.Self-focusing of quadruple Gaussian laser beam in the presence of externally applied magnetic field and saturating parameter is found significantly improved in the case of extraordinary mode.Our results reveal that initially converging beam shows oscillatory convergence whereas initially diverging beam shows oscillatory divergence.The beam is more focussed at lower intensity in both cases viz.extraordinary and ordinary mode.     

平顶飞秒激光经圆锥透镜在熔融石英中成丝及超连续辐射

实验研究了平顶飞秒激光经圆锥透镜后在熔融石英中的成丝及超连续辐射.与高斯飞秒激光的成丝对比发现,平顶飞秒激光可以获得在圆锥透镜焦深区域内强度分布更为均匀的等离子体细丝,这一特征更有利于飞秒激光在固体介质中进行微纳加工等领域的应用.并且,在不损伤熔融石英的条件下,平顶飞秒激光成丝可以获得更高能量、更高转换效率的超连续辐射,这是因为若产生光强相近的细丝,平顶飞秒激光所需的初始激光能量更高,此激光能量下产生的细丝长度更长、均匀性更好.     

Harmonically pump a femtosecond optical parametric oscillator to 1.13 GHz by a femtosecond 515 nm laser

We demonstrate a harmonically pumped femtosecond optical parametric oscillator(OPO)laser using a frequency-doubled mode-locked Yb:KGW laser at a repetition rate of 75.5 MHz as the pump laser.Based on a bismuth borate nonlinear crystal,repetition rates up to 1.13 GHz are realized,which is 15 times that of the pump laser.The signal wavelength is tunable from 700 nm to 887 nm.The maximum power of the signal is 207 m W at the central wavelength of 750 nm and the shortest pulse duration is 117 fs at 780 nm.The beam quality(M^2 factor)in the horizontal and vertical directions of the output beam are 1.077 and 1.141,respectively.