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1.
针对煤粉燃烧SCT模型中的氧气可达比表面积,进行了不同煤种的加压热重分析(PTGA)和不同燃尽度下煤焦N2/BET比表面积的测试,研究表明:煤粉加压燃烧过程中,当平均孔径大于2 nm时,累积比表面积和氧气可达比表面积均随燃尽度的增加而增加,说明该孔径以上的比表面积与燃尽度有很好的相关性;常压下TGA中不同燃尽度下煤焦氧气可达比表面积是PTGA下的1.5~2倍,这部分说明了加压反应速率不可能与压力等倍数增加.  相似文献   

2.
分别计算两种不同的煤焦(ZCY和SLH)的表面氧化反应动力学参数,从而计算煤焦表面氧化反应热流。因煤焦颗粒的直径很小,假设煤焦的表面和内部温度变化是一致的,根据煤焦的升温速率与热流的关系,计算出煤焦在炉膛中温度与进入炉膛时间的关系,利用Semenov着火判据,从而预测两种不同煤焦的着火温度以及着火所需时间。ZCY和SLH的着火温度分别为705 K、685 K;着火所需时间与炉膛的环境温度有关,温度越高,时间越短。  相似文献   

3.
本文针对煤粉燃烧SCT模型中的氧气可达比表面积,进行了不同煤种的TG实验和N2/BET比表面积的测试,研究了煤粉燃烧过程中不同温度下比表面积在不同孔径下与燃尽度和燃烧速率的相关性,研究表明:煤粉在燃烧过程中的平均孔径大于3~11 nm时,该孔径以上的累积比表面积与燃尽度有很好的相关性;高阶煤的氧气可达比表面积在反应过程中逐渐增加,而低阶煤的氧气可达比表面积在反应过程中的变化不是很显著;通过大量的实验说明,不是所有的比表面积在反应过程中都发挥作用,而氧气可达比表面积可以很好地反映燃烧速率的变化.  相似文献   

4.
煤低温氧化的微区组分分析与反应性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
煤的低温氧化对着火性能、反应性、煤焦质量以及煤的自燃有重要影响.本文通过TGA-DSC、FSEM和EBSP研究了烟煤和无烟煤的低温氧化特性,研究表明:活性较高的煤表面固相氧的浓度增量比热重低温段的表观增重量大得多;根据最大吸氧量确定的着火温度随煤变质程度的加深和升温速率的增加而增加;升温速率小于1/12 K/s时,最大氧化速率和最大吸氧量能代表煤的氧化活性;含灰量低的中等变质程度的煤氧化活性最高;化学吸氧经历了从临界活化能、到活化能减小再增加到极大最后吸附终止的过程.  相似文献   

5.
本文利用平面火焰携带流反应器研究了DT烟煤在富氧燃烧条件下的燃烧实验。采用灰示踪法分析煤焦的燃尽和元素释放特性,并采用等密度模型计算了基于氧化反应C+0.5O_2→CO的表观反应动力学参数。研究结果表明;煤粉在富氧燃烧条件下的燃尽慢于空气燃烧;富氧燃烧条件下,煤焦与CO_2的气化反应会导致煤焦表面对O的化学吸附,进而导致氧元素释放速率减慢;高氧浓度条件下,高浓度CO_2对煤焦燃尽的抑制作用大于CO_2气化反应对煤焦燃尽的促进作用,降低环境氧浓度可以逐步提高CO_2气化反应对煤焦燃尽的贡献。  相似文献   

6.
在大块非晶临界冷却速率的非等温转变计算模型基础上提出了基于成分连续变化计算黏度的合金系临界冷速模型. 依据此模型对Zr-Ni-Al-Cu四元合金的临界冷却速率进行了计算并预测了Zr66.67(NixAlyCuz)33.33合金系中容易形成非晶的成分范围. 计算值与实验值符合得较好. 计算结果表明,此合金系具有很强的非晶形成能力,特别是在靠近共晶点的中心区域,临界冷却速率小于100 K/s,为容易形成非晶的成分范围. 冷却过程中,在高于1000K温度区间,没有发生明显的结晶现象,而在980 K至870 K温度范围内,结晶分数快速增大,低于870 K时不再发生明显改变. 此外,分析了合金系中Al,Cu,Ni原子摩尔分数的变化对临界冷速的影响. 关键词: 大块非晶 黏度 临界冷却速率 非晶形成能力  相似文献   

7.
为了较准确地预报炉内煤粉燃烧速率,正确区分TGA中滞止煤粉表面与炉内载流煤粉表面氧气浓度的变化规律是非常关键的。从TGA中非稳态条件下坩埚内颗粒表面氧气浓度分布的数理解知,煤样的氧化过程是同时进行的,只是上部的氧化速率大一些,底部的氧化速率小一些;同一样品,同一升温速率,试样的堆积厚度的差异,会影响实验结果的重复性。分析表明,在初始和反应结束时,坩埚内颗粒表面氧气浓度等于环境浓度;反应速率达到最大值时,颗粒表面氧气浓度达到最小值。颗粒在炉内流动燃烧过程中,环境中氧气浓度值是单调减少的,煤焦表面氧的浓度是非线性变化的。  相似文献   

8.
本文针对多组高灰熔点煤种的高温热天平气化(C-H2O、C-CO2反应)实验数据,进行机理性分析,建立了考虑内孔扩散的动力-扩散模型。模型中,使用随机孔模型对低温动力学控制的气化反应速率进行数据拟合,并对孔隙结构参数的合理确定进行了探讨;采用效率因子修正方法,考虑了中温时煤灰孔隙扩散的影响;同时考虑了高温下气膜扩散机理。新模型可以实现三控制区域的统一贯穿,模型预报能够与实验数据有较好符合。高温时,煤焦发生灰熔融现象会降低气化反应速率,模型通过乘积系数的修正,可以较好描述该过程。  相似文献   

9.
高温超导涂层导体是解决当今能源危机的重要复合材料之一,而经济、有效、节能的制备技术是涂层导体广泛应用的关键.本文采用表面氧化外延法在Ni-wt.5%W基带上普氩下中温氧化制备了立方织构的NiO种子层.通过对氧化温度和氧化时间两个主要因素分析,确定了NiO生长条件为普氩中790℃内保温20mins。与高温(空气中1000℃以上)制备相比,降低了氧化膜制备温度.薄膜厚度大约为650nm.最后在生成的NiO薄膜上化学溶液沉积了YBa2Cu3O7-δ/SmBiO_3复合层,所得样品超导转变温度为89 K,77 K自场下临界电流密度为1.46 MA/cm2(77K,零场).中温表面氧化外延法为涂层导体制备提供了一种实用可行路径.  相似文献   

10.
本文采用CCSD(T)-F12a/cc-p VDZ-F12//M06-2X/6-311+G(2df,2p)方法并结合过渡态理论对HONO+OH→H_2O+NO_2抽氢反应以及H_2O参与该反应的微观机理和速率常数进行了理论研究.结果表明,由于复合物HONO…H_2O的高浓度和稳定性,我们预测HONO…H_2O+OH反应的大气相关性将比H_2O…HONO+OH和H_2O…OH+cis-HONO明显得多.进一步的速率常数计算结果表明,cisHONO…H_2O+OH反应的速率常数比H_2O…cis-HONO+OH和H_2O…OH+cis-HONO反应大了8~4个数量级.然而,cis-HONO…H_2O+OH反应的有效速率常数比无催化剂主反应cis-HONO+OH低了7~3个数量级.表明在实际大气环境中,H_2O对HONO+OH反应的催化效果并不明显.  相似文献   

11.
Cyclohexane was investigated both in bulk and in porous glasses with pore diameters between 4 and 208 nm in the temperature range 136 K≤T≤300 K. The methods involved were field-cycling NMR relaxometry, field-gradient NMR diffusometry, transverse-relaxation spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The field-cycling data for the bulk material can best be described assuming translational modulation of intermolecular dipole-dipole coupling. This interpretation is confirmed by experiments with different degrees of deuteration, and is in accordance with diffusion coefficients determined with the aid of field-gradient diffusometry. The confinement in pores produces substantial changes in the phase behaviour and in molecular dynamics. For pore diameters of 30 nm and above, a non-frozen two monolayers thick film on the surface retains a diffusivity about one order of magnitude lower than in the bulk liquid, but two orders of magnitude larger than in the bulk plastic phase. Experiments indicate an exchange mechanism between this layer and the crystallite inside the pore. In glass with a pore diameter of 4 nm, all applied methods corroborate DSC results of the virtual absence of a phase transition and reveal a continuously decreasing translational mobility down to temperatures more than 100 K below the bulk liquid/cubic phase transition temperature.  相似文献   

12.
微型管内流动特性的实验研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
以四氯化碳作为工质,流经内径分别为0.168 mm、0.399 mm、0.799 mm不锈钢管及内径分别为0.242 mm、0.315 mm、0.520 mm石英玻璃管,测量压降与流量的关系,从而获得摩擦因子f与雷诺数Re的关系。实验结果表明, 当雷诺数Re小于1600-1800时,除内径为0.168 mm的不锈钢管外,别的内径的微管内的摩擦因子与经典层流理论值几乎一致,而内径为0.168 mm的不锈钢管由于更大的相对粗糙度(8%-10%左右),其f值比经典理论值高约5%-10% 左右。当雷诺数Re越过1800时,f的值明显偏离经典层流理论值。  相似文献   

13.
The crystallization of monodisperse linear polyethylene confined in nanoporous alumina is investigated with the calorimetric measurements. We observe a drastic change in crystallization behavior, specifically nucleation, with a decrease in the pore diameter. Crystallization in relatively larger pores with the diameters of 62 and 110 nm occurs at lower temperatures within a very narrow range, whereas crystallization in smaller pores with diameters of 15-48 nm occurs at a higher and broad range of temperatures. Nucleation and crystallization kinetics in nanopores is discussed based on classical nucleation theory as well as the Avrami theory.  相似文献   

14.
The effect of surface roughness on Knudsen diffusion in nanoporous media is investigated by means of dynamic Monte Carlo simulations in three-dimensional rough fractal pores. These simulations yield new insight and explain a number of apparent inconsistencies by revealing a striking difference between the roughness dependence of transport diffusion and gradientless (self- or tracer) diffusion. Both analytical and simulation results show a significant roughness dependence of self-diffusion in the Knudsen regime. Transport diffusion, on the other hand, is roughness independent, as the fluxes do not depend on the detailed residence time and molecular trajectories.  相似文献   

15.
本文以石墨偏滤器靶板材料为例,用喷气或杂质注入对偏滤器靶板前等离子体温度进行控制,要刻薄虎器等离子体的各种变标关系及石墨靶板被腐蚀的程度、优化了FEB偏滤器靶板前等离子体温度和靶板运行温度。  相似文献   

16.
 对CuO-Al粉末预制块经不同温度下反应,测试其温度随时间的变化曲线,利用X射线衍射仪对其反应后的试样进行物相分析,得出产生热爆的反应温度及不同温度下的反应产物。 结果表明,CuO-Al体系反应随介质温度升高,可分为3个不同阶段,温度小于1 200 K,不发生化学反应;温度为1 200~1 473 K时CuO-Al体系发生部分化学反应,其产物为Cu2O、CuAlO2 及Al2O3;温度高于1 473 K,CuO-Al体系发生化学反应,其产物为Cu和Al2O3,此阶段易出现热爆现象。  相似文献   

17.
Measurements on helium and argon gas flow through an array of parallel, linear channels of 12 nm diameter and 200 microm length in a single crystalline silicon membrane reveal a Knudsen diffusion type transport from 10(2) to 10(7) in Knudsen number Kn. The classic scaling prediction for the transport diffusion coefficient on temperature and mass of diffusing species, D(He) is proportional to square root T, is confirmed over a T range from 40 K to 300 K for He and for the ratio of D(He)/D(Ar) is proportional to square root (m(Ar)/m(He)). Deviations of the channels from a cylindrical form, resolved with electron microscopy down to subnanometer scales, quantitatively account for a reduced diffusivity as compared to Knudsen diffusion in ideal tubular channels. The membrane permeation experiments are described over 10 orders of magnitude in Kn, encompassing the transition flow regime, by the unified flow model of Beskok and Karniadakis.  相似文献   

18.
The oxidation of hydrazine on the clean Pt(111) surface has been investigated by temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy (TPRS) in the temperature range 130–800 K. Direct reaction of molecular oxygen is observed on the Pt(111) surface for the first time, as indicated by the desorption of nitrogen beginning at 130 K with a maximum rate at 145 K, below the molecular oxygen dissociation temperature. Direct reaction of hydrazine with adsorbed molecular oxygen results in the formation of water and nitrogen. With excess hydrazine, all surface oxygen is reacted, forming water. When only adsorbed atomic oxygen is present, the low-temperature nitrogen yield decreases by a factor of 3 and the peak nitrogen desorption temperature increases to 170 K. No high-temperature (450–650 K) nitrogen desorption characteristic of nitrogen atom recombination is seen, indicating that during oxidation the nitrogen-nitrogen bond in hydrazine remains intact, as observed previously for hydrazine decomposition on the Pt(111) surface and hydrazine oxidation on rhodium. Two water desorption peaks are observed, characteristic of desorption-limited (175 K) and reaction-limited (200 K) water evolution from the Pt(111) surface. For low coverages of hydrazine, only the reaction-limited water desorption is observed, previously attributed to water formed from adsorbed hydroxyl groups. When excess hydrazine is adsorbed, the usual hydrazine decomposition products, H2, N2 and NH3, are also observed. No nitrogen oxide species (NO, NO2 and N2O) were observed in these experiments, even when excess oxygen was available on the surface.  相似文献   

19.
F.D.A. Aar  o Reis 《Physica A》2005,350(2-4):407-417
We simulated models of diffusion and aggregation in long pores of small widths in order to represent the basic mechanisms of coke deposition in catalysts’ pores. Coke precursors are represented by particles injected at the pore entrance. Knudsen diffusion, which is usually expected inside the pores, is modeled by ballistic motion of those particles. The regime of molecular diffusion is also analyzed via models of lattice random walks biased along the pores. The aggregation at the surface or near previously aggregated particles was modeled by different probabilistic rules, accounting for the possibilities of more compact or more ramified deposits. In the model of Knudsen diffusion and in some cases of molecular diffusion, there is an initial regime of uniform deposition along the pore, after which the deposits acquire an approximately wedge shape, with the pore plugging near its entrance. After the regime of uniform deposition and before that of critical pore plugging, the average aggregation position slowly decreases with the number N of deposited particles approximately as N-0.25. The apparently universal features of deposits generated by microscopic models are compared with those currently adopted in continuum models.  相似文献   

20.
The evaporation of GaAs under both Knudsen and Langmuir conditions has been studied using a quadrupole resonance mass spectrometer. Particular care was taken to separate beam from background signals by modulating the evaporation fluxes using a mechanical chopper. In the temperature range 850–1100°K, the arsenic vapour flux from GaAs consists mainly of As2 under both Knudsen and Langmuir conditions. Vapour pressure data for gallium and arsenic over GaAs are presented. A congruent evaporation point occurs at 898°K under Knudsen conditions. Under Langmuir conditions, GaAs evaporates congruently below 930°K but above this temperature arsenic is lost preferentially. Under Langmuir conditions constant evaporation rates were not observed from a {100} surface at any temperature studied.  相似文献   

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