一种新型有机电致微腔结构的双模发射

采用结构Glass／DBR／ITO／NPB／NPB：Alq／Alq／Al制作了有机微腔电致发光器件。将空穴传输材料与发光材料以一定比例混合作为发光层，为了便于对比，在不改变有机层的膜厚的情况下同时制作了传统的异质结微腔器件，发现两种器件的发光光谱有很大不同，器件的复合效率与传统的异质结器件相比也得到了很大提高，这是因为将两种有机材料混合能消除界面势垒，提高器件的复合效率，从而提高了器件的发光性能，实现了微腔双模发射，且两个模式的半峰全宽分别为8nm和12nm。通过进一步优化器件结构可以实现微腔白光发射。     

柔性衬底白色有机电致发光器件的制备及其性能

采用以ITO为导电层的柔性透明PET基片作为衬底,以2-(2-羟基苯基)苯并噻唑螯合锌(Zn(BTZ),)作为发光层制备出结构为PET／ITO／PVK：TPD／Zn(BTZ)2／Al明亮的近白色柔性有机小分子电致发光器件。发光的色坐标值为x=0．242,y=0．359,在25V的直流电压驱动下,亮度为1000cd／m^2,量子效率达到了0．30％。并进一步在Zn(BTZ)2中掺入橙红色染料Rubrene,制成PET／ITO／PVK：TPD／Zn(BTZ)2：Rubrene／Al结构器件。实现了纯白色发光(色坐标值：x=0．339,y=0．339),非常接近于白色等能点,驱动电压为25V时器件的亮度达1200cd／m^2,且量子效率达0．35％。最后对器件的发光性能及机理进行了深入的研究和探讨。     

稀土有机电致发光器件

我们研制了用有机材料Tb(AcA)3·phen作为发射层的绿色发光二极管,两层结构为玻璃衬底ITO/芳香族二胺类衍生物TPD/Tb(AcA)3·phen/A1。各功能层均用真空热蒸发的方法制备。在正向直流偏压驱动下获得了Tb3+的特征发光,同时还发现一个峰位425um的蓝光发射,它来源于空穴输运层TPD。在室温条件下器件的阈值电压为4V,当驱动电压提高到16V时,器件的最高发光亮度达到200cd/m2,同时在相同条件下制备了结构为玻璃衬底ITO/芳香族二胺类衍生物TPB/Tb(AcA)3·phen/A1的器件,通过对两种器件光谱及电学特性的测量、比较与分析,探讨了有关稀土有机电致发光的发光机理等问题。     

柔性有机电致发光器件导电基板的工艺性能

在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)柔性衬底上采用直流磁控溅射技术制备了氧化铟锡(ITO)透明导电薄膜,研究了衬底温度、溅射功率和溅射压强等工艺条件对薄膜光电性能的影响,并利用原子力显微镜(AFM)表征了衬底及ITO薄膜的表面形貌。结果表明,在PET衬底温度50℃、溅射功率100W和溅射压强2.66×10-1Pa的条件下,可以得到低方阻(50Ω/□)和高透过率(>90%)的透明导电薄膜。以此柔性ITO衬底为阳极,制备了结构为PET/ITO/NPB/Alq3/Mg∶Ag的柔性有机电致发光器件,在驱动电压为13V时,器件的发光亮度达到了2834cd/m2。     

掺杂DCJTB聚合物电化学池（LEC）的发光性质

通过在聚合物电化学池(LEC)发光器件的发光材料MEH-PPV中掺杂红光染料DCJTB,对LEC器件的发光性质进行研究。基于器件结构为ITO/MEH-PPV PEO LiCF3SO3/Al的薄膜LEC器件,其电致发光峰在570nm左右,通过在MEH-PPV与PEO的混合膜中掺杂不同比例的红光染料DCJTB,随着掺杂比例的增加,器件的发光峰由570nm向红光波段移动,通过控制DCJTB的掺杂比例制备了发光峰在570~650nm连续变化的LEC电致发光器件。对其分析认为从LEC主体发光聚合物MEH-PPV到染料DCJTB间发生了良好的能量传递。     

聚苯胺/ZnO纳米线薄膜材料作为发光层的柔性光电器件 及其发光机理

综合氧化锌纳米线(ZnO NWs)的光学活性与聚苯胺(PANI)的空穴传输特性,设计并制备了一种聚合物/ZnO纳米线电致发光材料,并对其发光特性进行了研究。通过高分子络合软模板法,将有序的单晶ZnO NWs均匀生长在覆有铟锡氧化物(ITO)涂层的柔性聚乙烯对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)衬底上并嵌入PANI薄膜,获得了电致发光薄膜材料和有机/无机异质结实验器件ITO/(ZnO NWs-PANI)。有机/无机异质结器件电致发光可调,在相对低的开启电压下呈现室温蓝紫外发光,并且ZnO NWs表面覆盖PANI增加了蓝紫外发光的强度和稳定性;而无PANI的ZnO NWs阵列具有450 nm处的缺陷发射峰,这可能是电子从扩展态锌间隙Zn_i到价带的跃迁引起的。这些结果表明,基于PANI/ZnO纳米线的复合材料在柔性光电器件方面的应用极具潜力。     

新型共轭聚合物PFO-BT15发光二极管的电老化研究

PFO-BT15是一种电致发光中心波长为550 nm的新型共轭高分子聚合物材料,将其制成发光二极管器件,结构为ITO玻璃/聚合物PEDOT(120 nm)/有机聚合物PFO-BT15(80 nm)/Ba(4 nm)/Al(200 nm),用环氧树脂对阴极侧进行了封装,以减少氧气和水分的进入,从而影响器件的发光性能。在室温环境下对同样的器件进行不同电流密度的电老化处理,记录器件的电流电压曲线,再对老化的样品做电致发光和喇曼光谱测试。实验发现：一方面,通过器件恒定电流的大小影响器件的电压变化速度;另一方面,器件经过一定长时间的电老化,电致发光中心波长变化较小。通过啦曼光谱的测试,推断是因为PEDOT阳极的破损导致了器件的最终发光失败,而器件发光层材料的结构保持相对稳定,说明这种结构的聚合物有着相对稳定的光电性能,对于提高材料发光的稳定性提供了有价值的信息,有助于其他高效发光材料的合成以及稳定性的提高。     

全溶液法制备有机发光二极管及PEIE浓度对器件光电性能的影响

对溶液化发光层成膜参数及电子传输层浓度进行调控,优化发光层成膜效果及器件发光性能,同时使用导电聚合物聚（3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩）-聚苯乙烯磺酸（PEDOT:PSS）作为透明阳极,刮涂导电银浆作为阴极,通过全溶液法制备了高效率的OLED。研究发现,发光层成膜参数的调整有效改善了其成膜效果。且适当的电子传输层材料浓度可以改善器件的载流子注入平衡,有效降低阴极的功函数,提高器件的发光性能;酸后处理的PEDOT:PSS薄膜导电性大大提升,在可见光范围的透过率与ITO相当。全溶液制备的发光器件最大电流效率为1.441 cd/A,与以ITO为电极的器件相比,增加了近50倍。     

共轭聚合物MEH-PPV的固态阴极射线发光

在有机／无机异质结ZnS／MEH－PPV／ZnS器件中，交流驱动条件下，实现了共轭聚合物MEH－PPV的固态阴极射线发光，器件的发光光谱与MEH－PPV的光致发光谱相同。电子经过ZnS层加速后，成为过热电子，这些过热电子直接碰撞激发MEH－PPV而发光。在日光灯照明下，可以看到器件的均匀发光。     

绿色陶瓷厚膜电致发光器件研究

报道了采用高介电常数的陶瓷厚膜作绝缘层、ＺｎＳ：Ｅｒ,Ｃ１作为发光层的绿色薄膜电致发光器件（ＣＴＦＥＬ）。器件结构为陶瓷基片／内电极／陶瓷厚膜／发光层（ＺｎＳ：Ｅｒ,Ｃ１）／透明电极（ＺｎＯ：Ａ１）。制备的器件在市电频率驱动下发出明亮的绿光,测量了器件的电致发光（ＥＬ）光谱和亮度－电压曲线,研究了发光机理和效率－电压等特性。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.     

Real-time restoration of rotational blurred image using gradient-loading

The key to the restoration of rotational motion blurred image is how to restore the image under a low cost and to correct the irreversibility of the degradation function matrix.Based on the special qualities of degradation function matrix and precise deduction in space-domain, we present a new approach using gradient-loading for restoration of rotational blurred image.By easily adding a gradient operator, the irreversibility of the original matrix is corrected and can be applied for inverse filtering then.Gradientloading is the optimized approach which combines the advantages of both the approaches using constrained least square filtering and traditional diagonal-loading.Compared with the approach using least square filtering, its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved from 3.18 to 6.46dB, while the computing time is reduced to 1/2-1/3.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, noise-resistibility, robustness, and low complexity of this approach, which make it more suitable for real-time environment.     

All-Optical Logic Device Using Bent Nonlinear Tapered Y-Junction Waveguide Structure

We propose an all-optical logic device made of a bent tapered Y-junction waveguide with a Kerr-type nonlinear interface. It could provide an AND gate, OR gate, and exclusive-OR (XOR) gate. We could obtain different transmission results by adjusting the bending angle. The numerical simulation results show that the device functions as AND, OR, and XOR gates.