Creation of a monopole in a spinor condensate

We propose a method to create a monopole structure in a multicomponent condensate by applying the basic methods used to create vortices and solitons experimentally in single-component condensates. We also show that by using a two-component structure for a monopole, we can avoid many problems related to the previously suggested three-component monopole. We discuss the observation and dynamics of such a monopole structure, and note that the dynamics of the two-component monopole differs from the dynamics of the three-component monopole.     

Resonant tunneling of a wave through a structure that contains a layer with a negative refractive index

We have investigated the transmission ability of a layered structure the central layer of which is made of a “left-handed” material (its refractive index is negative) and is separated by two air slabs from a “right-handed” dielectric medium that surrounds the structure. We consider tunneling of energy fluxes through the structure and determine conditions for the complete (reflectionless) transmission of the power of the incident wave through it. We show that this effect is resonant and is observed when the tangential component of the wave vector of the incident wave coincides with the longitudinal wave vector of one of waveguiding eigenmodes of the left-handed layer.     

一种同步移相干涉测量系统的误差研究

根据偏振光的琼斯矩阵理论,分析了一种基于二维光栅分光的同步移相干涉测量系统的工作原理。从干涉系统、分光系统以及移相系统三个部分详细研究了该系统的误差产生原因和作用机理,并针对各种误差源提出了相应的解决办法,为同步移相干涉测量系统中光学元件的选择、光路的调整及其误差的补偿提供了理论依据。结果表明,干涉部分的误差影响较小,可以通过光路的设计降低分光部分的误差;移相系统的误差最大,必须要对移相误差进行标定。     

Dynamics of a penta-hepta defect in a hexagonal pattern

The structure and dynamics of a penta-hepta defect in a hexagonal pattern are studied experimentally. The hexagonal pattern is formed by placing a layer of soap bubbles (diameter approximately 1 mm) on a flat glass plate. We find that an isolated penta-hepta defect in a bubble raft with free boundary always moves along the direction perpendicular to the wave vector of the nonsingular mode and towards the nearest boundary. The structure of the penta-hepta defect is found to be similar to that found in nonequilibrium pattern forming systems.     

Observation of a complex nanoscale magnetic structure in a hexagonal Fe monolayer

We have observed a novel magnetic structure in the pseudomorphic Fe monolayer on Ir(111). Using spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy we find a nanometer-sized two-dimensional magnetic unit cell. A collinear magnetic structure is proposed consisting of 15 Fe atoms per unit cell with 7 magnetic moments pointing in one and 8 moments in the opposite direction. First-principles calculations verify that such an unusual magnetic state is indeed lower in energy than all solutions of the classical Heisenberg model. We demonstrate that the complex magnetic structure is induced by the strong Fe-Ir hybridization.     

Thickness optimization of a multilayered structure on the coupling surface between a structure and an acoustic cavity

This paper describes a new design method to optimize thickness distribution of a multilayered structure which is located on the coupling surface between a structure and an acoustic cavity. The design method is based on the concept of the density approach in topology optimization incorporating a transfer matrix for a multilayered structure that includes a poroelastic media layer. The one-dimensional transfer matrix adopted here is an approximate representation addressing vibro-acoustic effects inherent in a multilayered structure, and balances calculation resources and desired accuracy. Applying the transfer matrix representation as boundary conditions on the coupling surface between a structure and an acoustic cavity, the modified equilibrium equation of the vibro-acoustic system is derived which is approximately but efficiently solved by the modal approach. In this study, the problem of minimizing the acoustic pressure within the cavity over the prescribed frequency range is formulated under the volume constraint of the poroelastic media layer. The continuous approximation of thickness distribution is assumed, and the thickness of the poroelastic media layer at each nodal point is chosen as design variables. Numerical results show that an acoustic response is significantly reduced by the optimal thickness distribution having a total weight equal to or less than that in the initial uniform thickness. These demonstrate that the proposed method is effective to design the optimal thickness distribution of a multilayered structure.     

Reflection and transmission of light by a ferromagnetic structure with a noncollinear orientation of the magnetization of layers

The transmission and reflection of light by a ferromagnetic structure with a noncollinear orientation of the magnetization vectors of layers lying in the plane of the film is considered. The characteristic matrix of the structure that relates the wave amplitudes at the entrance to the system and at the exit from it and that determines the magnetooptical properties of the structure is calculated. The magnetooptical characteristics of this structure are shown to significantly depend on the angle between the magnetization vectors of layers and on the number of layers. Both the magnitude and the character of these dependences are analyzed in relation to the angle of incidence and to the polarization of the incident wave. Such an analysis makes it possible to optimize the magnetooptical properties of this structure.     

Anisotropy of the oscillation dynamics of a breather on a trap in the electroconvective twist structure of a nematic

The oscillation dynamics of dislocations with a dissociated nucleus in the electroconvective twist structure of a nematic liquid crystal has been studied. The initial state of the roll twist structure is unstable. One of the origins of this is the helical flows of the nematic in the neighboring rolls with the antiparallel axial velocity components. As a result, oscillating or “breathing” defects are formed, which have the properties of breathers and are described by the sine-Gordon equation. It has been demonstrated that the space-time anisotropy of the character of motion of the dislocations in opposite directions orthogonal to the roll structure takes place in such a nonstationary system.     

回流罩结构Z-箍缩实验的数值模拟

采用二维磁驱动数值模拟程序(MDSC2)对大电流脉冲功率装置FP-2上的回流罩结构Z-箍缩实验exp90和exp60进行了数值模拟。数值模拟表明,回流罩结构Z-箍缩实验测量电流/回路电流不是负载套筒电流,回流罩结构Z-箍缩实验中回路电流不完全从负载套筒通过,回路电流和负载套筒电流之间存在一个结构系数,提出了边界磁场强度与回路电流关系的新公式。采用具有结构系数的边界磁场强度公式和磁流体力学程序能正确模拟exp90和exp60两个回流罩结构Z-箍缩实验,模拟的套筒内径运动速度和实验测量速度相一致。回流罩结构Z-箍缩实验的结构系数为一常数,仅由回流罩的初始结构确定。90 mm和60 mm内直径套筒的结构系数分别为0.87和0.90。在套筒初始厚度、绝缘材料等其它条件相同的情况下,套筒内径越大,回流罩结构Z-箍缩实验的结构系数越小。     

Surface-induced ordering of a molecular fluid of flat hexagonal structure in a narrow graphite slit

We systematically investigate by Monte Carlo simulations the role of the wall structure on a fluid of flat hexagonal molecules confined between two graphite walls. Our simulations show that the centers of mass of the molecules in different layers undergo an order-disorder transition as the wall separation increases, irrespective of the details of the wall structure. The wall structure thus becomes insignificant for the intervening fluid even down to a surprisingly low wall separation.     

Reconstruction of protein structures from a vectorial representation

We show that the contact map of the native structure of globular proteins can be reconstructed starting from the sole knowledge of the contact map's principal eigenvector, and present an exact algorithm for this purpose. Our algorithm yields a unique contact map for all 221 globular structures of PDBselect25 of length N相似文献   

Monte Carlo study of a lattice gauge theory with a radially varied Higgs field

The phase structure of a gauge-scalar (Higgs) field system is studied by Monte Carlo simulations without freezing the radial mode of the scalar field. We consider Z₂ lattice gauge theory coupled to a Higgs field which is approximated by a discrete real one. Most of our analysis is done on a 4⁴ lattice. We find that the phase diagram of our model consists of three distinct phases, Higgs and confined regions being divided by a phase boundary. This phase structure forms a contrast with that presented in the model with a fixed-length Higgs field.     

Optical response of a flat metallic surface coated with a monolayer array of latex spheres

We report on the fabrication, characterization and simulation of a structure consisting of a flat metallic surface coated with a monolayer array of latex spheres. This structure shows interesting optical response: over flat metallic surfaces a series of reflection minima appear in reflection spectra. Numerical simulations revealed that the structure can support two types of surface modes: surface plasmon-polaritons bound at the metallic surface and guided modes confined to the array of latex spheres, or their hybrids. Both experimental and theoretical results indicated that these surface modes show well-defined band structures due to the introduced periodicity by the monolayer array of latex spheres.     

Field structure in a photorefractive holographic grating in a planar waveguide

A theoretical investigation is made of the field structure in a holographic grating formed by TE₀ modes in a planar photorefractive waveguide by the photogalvanic recording mechanism. Waveguides with three characteristic refractive index profiles are considered, namely, a step function, a parabola, and a hyperbolic secant squared. A comparison is made between the light field distributions of TE₀ modes in waveguides having the different profiles. The field structure of the space charge in planar holographic gratings is analyzed for their initial formation phase. It is shown that the space charge field has a similar structure for all three waveguide types considered when planar photorefractive gratings are recorded by TE₀ modes.Institute of Automated Control Systems and Radio Electronics, Tomsk. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 11, pp. 85–92, November, 1993.     

On the Diffraction of a Pulsed Wave by a Slit

A new interpretation of the pulsed wave diffraction by a slit is given. The interpretation is based on the representation of the diffraction within the framework of a new method of local oscillation frequencies. The method is used to analyze the radiation field structure described in terms of the Laplace-Beltrami wave equation and the Einstein equations for weak gravitational fields in a curved space. It is found that, under assumptions corresponding to the method of local-oscillation frequencies, the energy-conservation law breaks down in the radiation field defined by the Einstein equations. An analysis of transverse structure of radiation in the far-field zone using the Laplace-Beltrami wave equation yielded results that agree satisfactorily with the known results of experimental and theoretical studies.     

Interaction of a plane electromagnetic wave with a structure consisting of a strip grating,a metamaterial layer,and magnetized plasma: resonance effects and their interpretation

We reduce the boundary-value problem of the diffraction of a plane electromagnetic wave by a structure, which consists of a strip grating, a metamaterial layer, and magnetized plasma, to a system of linear algebraic second-kind equations with the kernel operator. Resonance properties of this structure are studied, and it is found that in the low-frequency range, it has several series of an infinite number of resonance frequencies with condensation points at certain finite frequencies.     

Autoparametric resonance in a structure containing a liquid,Part I: Two mode interaction

An elastic structure carrying a rigid circular cylindrical tank containing a liquid with a free surface is considered. Autoparametric coupling between a single structural freedom and the first antisymmetric sloshing mode is investigated theoretically and experimentally. Under the condition of principal internal resonance (i.e., when the structure natural frequency equals twice the liquid sloshing frequency) the response of the system is obtained by an asymptotic approximation taken to the second order. Both theoretical and experimental results show that the coupling between liquid sloshing and vertical structure vibration is rather weak.     

Magnetic structure of a compensated ferromagnet-antiferromagnet interface

The magnetic structure of a compensated ferromagnet-antiferromagnet interface is considered. It is shown that the rate of decrease in the magnetic order parameters as one goes away from the interface is determined by the type of crystal structure of the layers and by the crystallographic orientation of the interface.     

Vortex burst as a source of turbulence

An important issue in turbulence theory is to understand what kinds of elementary flow structures are responsible for the part of the turbulent energy spectrum described by Kolmogorov's celebrated k(-5/3) law. A model for such structure has been proposed by Lundgren [Phys. Fluids 25, 2193-2203 (1982)]] in the form of a vortex with spiral structure subjected to an axially straining field. We report experimental results of a vortex burst in a laminar-flow environment showing that this structure is responsible for a k(-5/3) part in the energy spectrum. If there are many experimental evidences of the existence of vortices with spiral structures in turbulent flows, it is the first time that such an elementary structure is experimentally shown to be responsible for the turbulent energy cascade.     

Grain-boundary faceting at a = 3, [110]/{112} grain boundary in a cubic zirconia bicrystal

The atomic structure of a = 3, [110]/{112} grain boundary in a yttria-stabilized cubic zirconia bicrystal has been investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). It was found that the grain boundary migrated to form periodic facets, although the bicrystal was initially joined so as to have the symmetric boundary plane of {112}. The faceted boundary planes were indexed as {111}/{115}. The structure of the {111}/{115} grain boundary was composed of an alternate array of two types of structure unit: {112}- and {111}-type structure units. HRTEM observations combined with lattice statics calculations verified that both crystals were relatively shifted by (α/4)[110] along the rotation axis to form a stable grain-boundary structure. A weak-beam dark-field image revealed that there was a periodic array of dislocations along the grain boundary. The grain-boundary dislocations were considered to be introduced by the slight misorientation from the perfect = 3 orientation. The fact that the periodicity of the facets corresponded to that of the grain-boundary dislocations must indicate that the introduction of the grain-boundary dislocations is closely related to the periodicity of the facets. An atomic flipping model has been proposed for the facet growth from the initial = 3, {112} grain boundary.