应力对La0.83Sr0.17MnO3薄膜输运性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶方法在Si(111)上制备了LSMO(x=0.17)薄膜.研究了块体材料和不同厚度薄膜R -T曲线、红外光谱和X射线衍射.结果表明，LSMO薄膜属于正交晶体结构，薄膜取向与膜厚度 有关，当膜厚度为450nm或680nm时，主要取向〈200〉，而膜厚度为900nm时取向为〈020〉 ：根据离子对相互作用能和谐振子模型，得到了红外吸收与Mn—O—Mn键长和键角关系式，6 00cm^-1附近红外吸收与晶格常数b的变化有关；块体与薄膜的金属—绝缘体转变 温度(T_MI)存在较大差别，薄膜转变温度显著低于块体，并与厚度有一定关系. 认为是LSMO薄膜中的应力诱导了晶格常数变化，引起键角改变及JT效应是转变温度变化的主 要原因. 关键词： 单晶硅 晶格常数 金属—绝缘体转变温度 应力诱导     

沉积于MgO基片上的La0.7Ca0.3MnO3薄膜的应变弛豫和磁电阻特性

利用90°离轴射频磁控溅射方法将La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃(LCMO)沉积于(001)取向的MgO单晶基片上,薄膜厚度变化范围为5nm到200nm. 通过掠入射X射线衍射技术测量了LCMO/MgO薄膜的面内晶格常数, 结合常规X射线衍射研究了LCMO薄膜的晶格应变及其弛豫情况, 用四探针法测量了薄膜的磁电阻特性.结果表明, LCMO/MgO薄膜均为(001)取向生长, 在厚度小于5nm时已经发生应变弛豫, 当薄膜厚度为100nm以上时, 薄膜的微应变接近于完全弛豫, 并表现出与块体材料类似的磁电阻特性, 具有较大的磁电阻和较高的磁电阻峰值温度.     

CaIrO3薄膜中的八面体扭转及金属绝缘转变

本文采用激光脉冲沉积(pulsed laser deposition,PLD)方法在NdGaO3(110)(NGO)和(LaAlO_3)_(0.3)(Sr_2AlTaO_6)_(0.7)(001)(LSAT)衬底上生长了厚度变化的钙钛矿结构CaIrO3(CIO)单晶薄膜.在这一体系中,我们观测到了金属绝缘转变现象以及各向异性电输运行为,并且尝试利用应变弛豫调节铱氧八面体绕[100]轴的扭转角度,改变金属绝缘转变温度(TMI).八面体的扭转角度在30nm厚的样品中取得了最大值,同时CIO的TMI取得了最小值.我们推测是八面体的扭转影响了CIO薄膜的带隙宽度,从而造成了TMI的变化以及各向异性电输运行为.     

真空退火对Nd_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)MnO_3外延膜结构和输运性影响

本文研究了真空退火对Nd0.7 Sr0.3 MnO3(NSMO)外延膜的结构和输运性的影响.X-射线衍射(XRD)和电阻率测量结果显示,随着退火温度的升高,NSMO薄膜单胞沿着c-轴方向拉长,电阻率随退火温度的升高而增大,同时金属-绝缘体转变温度(Tp)降低.上述结果归因于真空退火引起的氧缺失导致了Mn3+/Mn4+离子比例的增大及MnO6八面体的畸变.Kroger-vink的缺陷反应式定性的解释了氧缺失与输运性的关系.     

共格外延的La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)MnO_3薄膜的应变弛豫

厚度为7～100nm La0.7Sr0.3MnO3(LSMO)薄膜是由脉冲激光法生长在(001)(LaAlO3)0.3(Sr2AlTaO6)0.7(LSAT)衬底上.薄膜的结构演变是由高分辨X-射线ω-摇摆曲线及倒易空间(103)反射来表征.我们的结果表明所有的LSMO薄膜是共格生长在LSAT(001)上.对厚度大于(或等于)22nm的LSMO薄膜既显示可调制的单斜(MA)结构,也包含切应变弛豫诱导的有序畴结构和平面内超格子.薄膜的厚度依赖的结构畴宽,以及切应变对薄膜居里温度Tc的影响被仔细研究.作为对比,晶格失配对LSMO薄膜中周期畴形成的影响也被讨论.     

La0.67Ca0.33MnO3薄膜中的矫顽力随膜厚与衬底的变化

系统研究了衬底为SrTiO3和LaAlO3上的La0.67Ca0.33MnO3薄膜中的矫顽力随厚度和应变的变化。结构分析表明薄膜为（001）方向织构，而且薄膜中的晶粒尺寸随着薄膜厚度的减小而减小。磁测量表明矫顽力先随着膜厚的减小而增加，在t=10-25nm附近到达一极大值。随后，矫顽力随厚度的减小而降低。还得出矫顽力的大小与测量方向有关：t≥25nm (t≤10nm)时，难磁化方向的矫顽力大于（小于）易磁化方向的矫顽力。据此，我们提出：在厚膜（t≥25nm）中，矫顽力变化由畴壁钉扎机制决定；在超薄膜（t≤10nm）中，则与磁畴的形核机制有关。根据t= 5、10、25、400nm的LCMO/STO薄膜的初始磁化曲线，以及t=5，50nm的LCMO/LAO薄膜的小磁滞回线的测量，我们对薄膜中矫顽力机制作了验证，并且还讨论了钉扎和形核机制发生的非均匀区的尺寸。     

厚度小于100nm的Tl2Ba2CaCu2Ox高温超导薄膜

采用直流磁控溅射和在纯氩气中后热处理的方法,在LaAlO3(001)衬底上生长出厚度小于100nm的Tl2Ba2CaCu2Ox(Tl-2212)超导薄膜.在77K和零磁场下,100nm厚的薄膜具有105.3K的超导转变温度和2.33×106A/cm2的临界电流密度.这些值与较厚的Tl-2212薄膜的最好值相符.30nm厚的薄膜仍具有大于100K的转变温度,并具有光滑致密的表面形貌和外延生长的晶体结构.20nm厚的薄膜仍显示出正常态的金属行为和充分的超导转变.当厚度小于20nm时,薄膜的表面形貌和超导电性明显变坏,6nm厚的薄膜在15K低温下,未发现超导转变.从这个意义上看,20nm为我们所研究的Tl-2212薄膜的临界厚度.     

单晶Si表面离子束溅射沉积Co纳米薄膜的研究

采用离子束溅射沉积法，在单晶Si基片上制备了不同厚度(1—100nm)的Co纳米薄膜.利用原子力显微镜、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)仪和X射线衍射仪对不同厚度的Co纳米薄膜进行了分析和研究.结果表明：当薄膜厚度为1—10nm时，沉积颗粒形态随薄膜厚度增加将由二维生长的细长胞状过渡到多个颗粒聚集成的球状.当膜厚大于10nm时，小颗粒球聚集成大颗粒球，颗粒球呈现三维生长状态.表面粗糙度随膜厚的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势，在膜厚为3nm时出现极值.XPS全程宽扫描和窄扫描显示：薄膜表面的元素成分为Co，化学态分别 关键词： 离子束沉积 纳米薄膜 X射线光电子能谱 X射线衍射     

热处理中Pr0.5Sr0.5MnO3薄膜的电学性能变化和应力弛豫

我们用脉冲激光法在(001)LaAlO3衬底上制备了Pr0.5Sr0.5MnO3薄膜,在900℃的空气中进行后退火处理,研究了退火前后薄膜的电磁性能和晶格结构变化.随着温度降低原位生长薄膜在低温段电阻率迅速上升,表现为绝缘体性质.磁化强度-温度曲线表明薄膜具有顺磁-铁磁-反铁磁的相变,并且存在相分离现象.相比之下,退火后薄膜随着温度降低只出现了顺磁绝缘体-铁磁金属相变,在低温区域一直表现为铁磁金属性.x光衍射实验发现退火使得薄膜在垂直于衬底表面方向的晶格伸长量明显减小,表明退火过程中发生了应力弛豫.为了搞清楚后退火中氧含量和应力弛豫的不同作用,我们进行了(110)SrTiO3衬底上Pr0.5Sr0.5MnO3薄膜的后退火对比实验,结果表明退火中的应力弛豫是导致退火前后薄膜电磁性质差异的主要原因.     

近红外波段锑基铋掺杂薄膜厚度对光学常数与光学带隙的影响

采用磁控溅射法制备了不同厚度的锑基铋掺杂薄膜,用X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究了薄膜结构随厚度的变化。利用椭圆偏振法测定了样品薄膜在近红外波段的光学常数与光学带隙,研究了膜厚对样品薄膜光学常数和光学带隙的影响。结果表明,膜厚从7 nm增加至100 nm时,其结构由非晶态转变为晶态。在950～2200 nm波段,不同厚度薄膜样品的折射率在4.6～8.9范围,消光系数在0.6～5.8范围,光学带隙在0.32～0.16 eV范围。随着膜厚的增加,薄膜的折射率和光学带隙减小,而消光系数升高;光学常数在膜厚50 nm时存在临界值,其原因是临界值前后薄膜微观结构变化不同。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.