25基元垂直阵

本文介绍一种用于声源距离和深度定位研究的２５基元垂直阵的设计、结构及其性能。垂直阵全长１２０ｍ，分为三段。工作段长４０ｍ，由２５个弯曲圆片基元组成。基元在１０Ｈｚ至３ｋＨｚ范围内，接收电压灵敏度为—１９２ｄＢ（参考级１Ｖ／μＰａ），起伏≤±１．５ｄＢ；各路基元相位差在５°以内；加速度灵敏度—６０ｄＢ（参考级１Ｖ／ｇ）。该阵已于９２年８月在海上投入使用，取得十分满意的结果。     

二极管激光侧泵浦单横模100Hz电光调Q激光器

介绍了二极管激光侧泵浦单横模１００Ｈｚ电光调Ｑ激光器的实验结果。泵浦源为一个线阵准连续１００Ｗ二极管激光器，激光工作介质为ＮｄＹＡＧ薄梯形板条，板条与泵浦源间用柱透镜耦合，ＫＤ＊Ｐ电光晶体调Ｑ。在１００Ｈｚ重复频率下，获得单脉冲能量２．３７ｍＪ，脉宽小于７ｎｓ，光束质量因子Ｍ２＝１．１的１．０６μｍ激光，光－光效率为８．５％，斜效率为１８．７％。     

高TcYBCO超导薄膜微带延迟线研制

本报导了延时为２．２ｎｓ的ＴＣ超导薄膜延迟线的制作工艺。应用直流磁控溅射在１０×１０ｍｍ＾２ＬａＡｌＯ３衬底上均匀地外延生长４５０ｎｍ优质ＹＢＣＯ超导薄膜，采用离子束干法刻蚀技术制作出宽为１６６μｍ长为１７４ｍｍ的曲折线图形，配以合适的气密性封装，经美国ＨＰ８５０７矢量网络分析仪测量，在温度７８Ｋ频率１．２ＧＨｚ时，延迟线的插入损耗低达０．０４ｄＢ，仅为相同条件下铜膜延一插损的１／１６０。     

环形高温超导薄膜微波谐振器及其品质因数Q的测定

利用直流磁控溅射方法制备在ＺｒＯ２基片上的ＧｄＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７－δ高温超导薄膜，我们制成了环形薄膜微波谐振器，并对它的品质因数Ｑ值进行了测量，测量温区从８０Ｋ直到１５０Ｋ。当输入到谐振器的功率等于１ｍＷ，并且当它处在８１．２Ｋ时，谐振器在４．２１２ＧＨｚ（最小插损点处的频率）起振；这时的有载品质因数Ｑ值等于１７６，谐振点处的最小插损为－９．５８ｄＢ；在谐振峰两侧比最小插损低３ｄＢ两点之间的频率差为     

低加速度灵敏度水听器

本文介绍了一种用于拖曳线列阵声呐的压电陶瓷型水听器，我们在提高水听器工作稳定性与可靠性，并确保水听器有较高接收灵敏度的前提下，进行了水听器的结构方案优化设计，以降低水听器的加速度灵敏度，研制的水听器接收灵敏度为－１９３ｄＢ，在２０－１０００Ｈｚ频段内灵敏度起伏为１．２ｄＢ，加速度灵敏为－７０ｄＢ。     

B_d-_d混合的物理意义

Ｂｄ－Ｂｄ混合是继ＫＬ－ＫＳ．以后又一个二级弱相互作用作的表现．宇称破坏，ＣＰ（电荷共轭和宇称联合反变换）破坏及味道改变的中性流压低等重要物理概念都是首先在ＫＬ－ＫＳ系的研究中提出的．我们期望类似的Ｂｄ－Ｂｄ混合系统将会提供对弱电理论的新理解，这包括尚未发现的ｔ夸克的质量，未知的ＫＭ矩阵的参数值，新的ＣＰ破坏效应等等．     

5.9GHz高温超导圆极化微带天线的研制

本首次报道了用ＹＢＣＯ／ＬａＡｌ０３超导薄膜制成的频率为５．９ＧＨｚ极化度为２．７ｄＢ的高温超导园极化微带天线，匹配电路和天线辐射器集成于同一块１０×１５ｍｍ＾２的ＹＢＣＯ／ＬａＡ１０３片子上。在７７Ｋ时与相同尺寸的圆极化银膜天线相比，超导天线传输系数增加５．５ｄＢ，辐射效率提高５．４ｄＢ，实验结果证实了用高温超材料制备圆极化微带天线的优越性。     

光折变材料Cu∶KNSBN的晶格振动和d－d电子跃迁

比较了铜掺杂钾钠铌酸锶钡（Ｃｕ∶ＫＮＳＢＮ）和钾钠铌酸锶钡（ＫＮＳＢＮ）两样品的晶格振动和ｄ－ｄ电子跃迁谱，对于拉曼（Ｒａｍａｎ）谱，Ａ１（ｚ）对称类的差别较小，Ｅ（ｘｙ）对称类的差别最大；对于红外反射谱，两对称类的均差别较大，认为Ｃｕ２＋部分填充了晶格Ａ位和Ｃ位，可见光范围内，ｄ－ｄ电子跃迁谱表明Ｃｕ２＋在晶体中形成两个深能级２．５０ｅＶ和２．６４ｅＶ。     

Gelfand-Dickey算子分解,B cklund-Darboux变换及对称

利用ＧｅｌｆａｎｄＤｉｃｋｅｙ算子的分解导出了ＧＫｄＶ方程的ｎ个ＢｃｋｌｕｎｄＤａｒｂｏｕｘ（ＢＤ）变换及对应的对称的精确形式．这一结果推广了Ｌｏｕ等最近关于ＫｄＶ,ＫａｄｏｍｔｓｅｖＰｅｔｖｉａｓｈｖｉｌｌｉ（ＫＰ）等方程的ＢＤ变换同非局所对称性的结果．作为副产品同时给出ＧｅｎｅｒａｌｉｚｅｄＫｄＶ方程的行列式形式解．ＰＡＣＣ：０３４０Ｋ１　引言ＢｃｋｌｕｎｄＤａｒｂｏｕｘ（ＢＤ）变换是（偏）微分方程的一种对称变换,能连接同一方程的不同解或不同方程间的解,其最大用途是可以直接构造…     

淬火和制备工艺对Bi（Pb）－2223相超导体超导电性、氧含量和微结构的影响

本文通过透射电子显微镜观察、超导电性测量、Ｘ射线衍射、氧含量测定等手段研究了淬火和制备工艺对Ｂｉ（Ｐｂ）－２２２３相超导体超导电性、氧含量和微结构的影响．结果表明，随着淬火温度的提高，Ｔｃ（０）呈现一个不连续的变化，在１００－４００℃范围内，Ｔｃ（０）基本不变，在５００－６００℃，Ｔｃ（０）略有升高，在７５０℃．Ｔｃ（０）呈现一个极小值．在５００—６００℃淬火处理可以增加样品中的氧含量，具有Ｔｃ（０）近１１０Ｋ的Ｂｉ１．７Ｐｂ０．３Ｓｒ２Ｃａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ１０＋６的最佳氧含量在δ＝０．１４—０．２９之间．在８００—８２０℃淬火处理可以改善样品晶粒间的弱连接状态，而样品的弱连接和微结构与阳离子和氧的组成及其制备工艺密切相关．     

水下应用的电容式微机械超声换能器阵列设计

为提高用于水下成像的电容式微机械超声换能器的指向性,文中用ANSYS力电耦合分析法设计了工作频率为400 k Hz的收发一体传感器的结构参数并完成了实验验证。同时研究了阵列设计方法,分析了电容式微机械超声换能器阵列各参数对指向性的影响,完成了从微小敏感单元到阵列的设计,实现了阵列指向性的优化设计。该阵列为16阵元的线阵,阵元间距为1.925 mm,阵元宽度为1.82 mm。进行了水下指向性测试,实验表明该线阵的-3 dB主瓣宽度为5?,最大旁瓣级为-13.5 dB,对称性好。该设计是实现较远距离的探测,提高成像分辨率的前提。     

微纳相控线阵超声换能器参数的理论分析*

微纳相控线阵超声换能器参数(阵元数目、阵元宽度及阵元间距)直接影响其横向声场分布,而其横向声场分布是能否实现高成像分辨率、大探测深度的决定性因素,也是制备换能器的主要依据。该文利用数值模拟研究微纳相控线阵超声换能器阵元参数对其横向声场中主瓣强度、-3 dB主瓣宽度、第一级旁瓣及栅瓣的影响。结果表明,主瓣强度随着阵元数目增加而增大,随阵元间距减小而增大,随着阵元宽度的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势;-3 dB主瓣宽度随着阵元数目和阵元间距的增大而减小,随着阵元宽度的减小而减小;此外,减小阵元数目、减小阵元间距或增大阵元宽度均可以抑制旁瓣;栅瓣在阵元间距满足一定条件时可以完全消除。通过这些研究为微纳相控线阵超声换能器的优化设计与制备提供理论参考。     

大角度波束扫描的宽带平面阵研究

本文中介绍了一个可以实现大角度波束扫描的宽带平面声基阵,设计了纵向振动与换能器前盖板弯曲振动相复合的宽带换能器作为基元,保证了基阵具有较好的宽带性能。针对基元的自然指向性难以满足平面阵进行大角度波束扫描的要求,本文中采用通道型橡胶反声障板技术来拓宽阵上换能器的单元指向性,从而实现平面声基阵的大角度、宽带波束扫描。在有限元和边界元进行优化设计的基础上,制作了实验样阵。测试数据表明:在工作频段内换能器响应起伏不超过3 dB,12 kHz时阵上基元指向性达到了140°,基阵-3 dB波束覆盖范围可以达到144.4°,最大旁瓣不超过30%。     

Beam pattern of sparse array for passive sonar

This work aims at sparse array without grating lobe for passive sonar, in order to increase frequency band of the passive sonar and reduce the cost. According to traditional method, the distance between two contiguous sensors in sonar array should be less than the wavelength of highest frequency of the signal; otherwise the grating lobe appears on beam pattern. The paper realizes that the conclusion of the grating lobe emergence it is not fit to the passive sonar due to the sine wave signal model in traditional method, in fact the input of passive sonar is random signal. Prom three aspect of the computer simulation, real passive sonar signal and theory analysis, it is revealed that the grating lobe does not appear on beam pattern when the distance between two contiguous sensors in passive sonar array is longer than wavelength of highest frequency. Whitening of the radiated noise can widen the frequency band, to ensure the beam pattern without the grating lobe. The conclusion of the paper is: if the band of radiated noise is wide enough (broader than 1 octave), that the wavelength of signal can be shorter than the distance between two contiguous sensors in passive sonar without grating lobe.     

面向水下应用的电容式微机械超声换能器*

电容式微机械超声换能器具有宽频带和易于制造二维阵列等优势,已经成为一种重要的新型超声换能器。该文针对图像声呐系统对新型超声换能器的迫切需求,提出了一种电容式微机械超声换能器结构和参数,并利用硅微加工技术制备出了该换能器,最后对其主要性能参数进行了测试和分析。测试结果表明该换能器具有发射和接收超声波的功能,中心工作频率为1.965 MHz,6 dB相对带宽达到109.4%,在1 MHz、2 MHz和3 MHz频率时的接收灵敏度分别为-218.29 d B、-219.39 dB和-218.11 dB。该文研制的电容式微机械超声换能器显示出了优秀的宽频带特性,且工作频率和接收灵敏度性能均基本满足了高频图像声呐系统的需求。     

100kHz～500kHz压电复合材料标准水听器

本文介绍了一种我们制作的可应用于100kHz～500kHz频段的标准水听器,水听器敏感元件采用1-3型压电复合材料,通过对敏感元件及水听器结构进行合理设计,从工艺上保证水听器性能的稳定、可靠,制作完成的标准水听器满足高频标准的所有技术指标要求。测试结果表明,水听器的接收灵敏度大于-194dB,频段内灵敏度起伏为2.9dB,最高使用频率-3dB波束宽度大于20度;稳定性考核表明,水听器有良好的温度、时间稳定性,是一种比较理想的中高频标准水听器,适合于水声的校准和中高频声信号测试。     

Threshold received sound pressure levels of single 1-2 kHz and 6-7 kHz up-sweeps and down-sweeps causing startle responses in a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena)

Mid-frequency and low-frequency sonar systems produce frequency-modulated sweeps which may affect harbor porpoises. To study the effect of sweeps on behavioral responses (specifically "startle" responses, which we define as sudden changes in swimming speed and/or direction), a harbor porpoise in a large pool was exposed to three pairs of sweeps: a 1-2 kHz up-sweep was compared with a 2-1 kHz down-sweep, both with and without harmonics, and a 6-7 kHz up-sweep was compared with a 7-6 kHz down-sweep without harmonics. Sweeps were presented at five spatially averaged received levels (mRLs; 6 dB steps; identical for the up-sweep and down-sweep of each pair). During sweep presentation, startle responses were recorded. There was no difference in the mRLs causing startle responses for up-sweeps and down-sweeps within frequency pairs. For 1-2 kHz sweeps without harmonics, a 50% startle response rate occurred at mRLs of 133 dB re 1 μPa; for 1-2 kHz sweeps with strong harmonics at 99 dB re 1 μPa; for 6-7 kHz sweeps without harmonics at 101 dB re 1 μPa. Low-frequency (1-2 kHz) active naval sonar systems without harmonics can therefore operate at higher source levels than mid-frequency (6-7 kHz) active sonar systems without harmonics, with similar startle effects on porpoises.     

Design and construction of a low frequency wide band non-resonant transducer

Commercially available low frequency transducers often have a bandwidth of much less than 100%. This paper reviews the current technology for low frequency transducer construction and presents a non-resonant design giving an improved low frequency performance. Small, undamped piezo-electric cubic elements of 2 mm side length are used which operate below their first resonance frequency. In construction, the elements are air-backed and the front faces are bonded to a thin membrane across the end of an enclosure of 15 mm diameter. Using a low frequency excitation signal which has little energy at the first resonance frequency of the elements, an operating frequency range of 200-500 kHz can be achieved. A single element behaves virtually as a point source, but by arranging an array of elements over the membrane, a more collimated beam profile is obtained.     

Echolocation signals of free-ranging killer whales (Orcinus orca) and modeling of foraging for chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

Fish-eating "resident"-type killer whales (Orcinus orca) that frequent the coastal waters off northeastern Vancouver Island, Canada have a strong preference for chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). The whales in this region often forage along steep cliffs that extend into the water, echolocating their prey. Echolocation signals of resident killer whales were measured with a four-hydrophone symmetrical star array and the signals were simultaneously digitized at a sample rate of 500 kHz using a lunch-box PC. A portable VCR recorded the images from an underwater camera located adjacent to the array center. Only signals emanating from close to the beam axis (1185 total) were chosen for a detailed analysis. Killer whales project very broadband echolocation signals (Q equal 0.9 to 1.4) that tend to have bimodal frequency structure. Ninety-seven percent of the signals had center frequencies between 45 and 80 kHz with bandwidths between 35 and 50 kHz. The peak-to-peak source level of the echolocation signals decreased as a function of the one-way transmission loss to the array. Source levels varied between 195 and 224 dB re: 1 microPa. Using a model of target strength for chinook salmon, the echo levels from the echolocation signals are estimated for different horizontal ranges between a whale and a salmon. At a horizontal range of 100 m, the echo level should exceed an Orcinus hearing threshold at 50 kHz by over 29 dB and should be greater than sea state 4 noise by at least 9 dB. In moderately heavy rain conditions, the detection range will be reduced substantially and the echo level at a horizontal range of 40 m would be close to the level of the rain noise.     

前视声呐圆弧接收阵列结构优化设计

针对前视声呐线阵波束形成各向同性较差及半圆阵有效孔径受限的问题,提出了一种优化的圆弧接收阵列结构设计方法。根据不同的成像开角,设计圆弧接收阵圆心角使全部阵元参与所有来波方向的波束形成。建立圆弧接收阵的远近场聚焦模型,并推导圆弧接收阵的指向性函数,根据边界波束栅瓣阈值条件计算具有最佳波束性能的圆弧接收阵半径。对圆弧阵、线阵及半圆阵在不同扇区开角下的波束性能及扫查开角120°、纵深100 m的仿真图像对比表明,在成像开角为90°到130°时,圆弧接收阵主瓣性能提升了8%,边界波束栅瓣级优化了4%,交叉向分辨深度相对线阵与半圆阵分别增加了20 m和45 m,同时参数存储量仅为线阵的2.7%。该阵列兼具有效孔径大、波束各向同性的优点,能有效提高前视声呐系统探测性能,并降低算法实现难度。