裸核离子与中性原子碰撞电离过程的理论研究

基于处理裸核离子与中性原子碰撞电离过程的OBKN和ECPSSR理论模型,系统计算了不同裸核离子与中性原子碰撞K壳层电子俘获截面和直接电离截面,并与其它文献已有的理论和实验结果进行了比较.研究结果表明:碰撞能量较低时,电子俘获截面大于直接电离截面,随着碰撞能量的增加,电子俘获截面和直接电离截面均是先增大后减小且直接电离截面减小地非常缓慢,高能时,直接电离截面大于电子俘获截面.当入射炮弹离子速度接近0.67倍靶原子K壳层电子速度时,电子俘获截面达到最大值,而当入射炮弹离子速度接近靶原子K壳层电子速度时,直接电离截面达到最大值.     

裸核离子与中性原子碰撞电离过程的理论研究

基于处理裸核离子与中性原子碰撞电离过程的OBKN和ECPSSR理论模型,系统计算了不同裸核离子与中性原子碰撞K壳层电子俘获截面和直接电离截面,并与其它文献已有的理论和实验结果进行了比较.研究结果表明：碰撞能量较低时,电子俘获截面大于直接电离截面,随着碰撞能量的增加,电子俘获截面和直接电离截面均是先增大后减小且直接电离截面减小地非常缓慢,高能时,直接电离截面大于电子俘获截面.当入射炮弹离子速度接近0.67倍靶原子K壳层电子速度时,电子俘获截面达到最大值,而当入射炮弹离子速度接近靶原子K壳层电子速度时,直接电离截面达到最大值.     

基于联合分离原子模型的电离理论

采用微扰静态(PSS)模型近似处理极化和结合能效应，并引入了相对论效应、能量损失效应和库仑偏转效应修正的ECPSSR理论是描述直接库仑电离过程最成功的理论，但对于低能离子入射时， 其结果明显低于实验值. 采用联合分离原子(USA)模型替代ECPSSR中的PSS模型，考虑分子轨道效应得到了基于USA模型的电离理论——MECUSAR理论. 对部分碰撞系统进行了计算，得到的碰撞截面与实验结果基本符合. 结合OBKN(Oppenheimer-Brinkman-Kramers formulas of Nikolae 关键词： X射线产生截面 离子-原子碰撞 电子俘获     

低能电荷转移截面和高能转移电离研究(英文)

介绍了对于Na+ 离子和Rb(5s ,5p)原子碰撞中态选择单电子俘获微分截面的理论计算,并与实验数据进行比较,实验结果是离子与在磁光学阱中用激光冷却的碱金属靶原子碰撞而测量到的;还对高能量质子引起的He原子的转移电离进行了理论研究,在Shakeoff模型的基础上 ,分析解释了转移电离截面与单电子俘获截面的比值 ,并与最新实验结果作了比较. We report a theoretical study of state-selective differential single-electron capture cross sections between Na + and Rb(5s, 5p) atoms. The experimental data have been obtained with laser cooled target in a magnetic optical trap. We also report a theoretical study of transfer ionization of He by protons at high collision energies and analyze the transfer ionization cross section with respect to single electron capture cross section in terms of a shakeoff model.     

应用ECPSSR理论研究重离子引起原子的内壳层电离

ECPSSR理论是解释离子-原子碰撞内壳层电离最成功的理论之一.我们用VISUAL FORTRAN编写了ECPSSR理论计算程序,修正了ISICS程序中的错误,本程序可以对各种入射离子与靶原子的组合进行计算,给出K,L,M的壳层及次壳层电离截面以及相应的X射线产生截面,并根据需要选择是否对入射离子运动进行相对论修正.采用所编写的程序计算了一些碰撞体系的电离截面和X射线产生截面,并与其他程序的计算结果和实验数据分别进行了比较.     

1.0 MeV电子碰撞引起Ta 和Au 内壳电离截面的测量

无论对深入理解电子-原子的作用机制,还是在材料等领域的实际应用,电子轰击原子的内壳电离截面都具有重要意义。当前电子碰撞引起原子内壳电离的实验数据多集中在几十keV 入射能量和中小Z 靶原子,其它数据相对比较缺乏。本工作以能量为1.0 MeV电子轰击Ta 和Au 靶,通过测量靶原子特征X射线的产额,获得其K壳电离截面分别为13.3 和10.1 b,L 壳电离截面分别为554 和338 b。并将实验结果和相应的理论进行了对比,结果显示,本实验测得的K壳电离截面与Casnati、Hombourger 理论值、L 壳电离截面与Scoeld和Born-Bethe 的理论值相符。Accurate experimental data for atomic inner-shell ionization cross-sections by electrons are of basic importance both in understanding inelastic electron-atom interaction and its application. Up to now, most of available data on this process were mainly concentrated on the low and medium Z atoms by the bombardment of low energy electrons. In present experiments K-shell and L-shell ionization cross-sections of Ta and Au in collisions with 1.0 MeV eleltron were determined by measuring the characteristic X-rays emitted from the target atoms. For the present collision systems the K-shell ionization cross-sections were found to be 13.3 and 10.1 b,and the L-shell ionization cross sections were 554 and 338 b, respectively. The measured K-shell ionization cross sections are in reasonable agreement with the theoretic predictions of Casnati and Hombourger, while L-shell ionization cross sections are consistent with the theoretical results of Soc eld and Born-Bethey.     

间接测量中重放射性核中子俘获截面——替代比率法

s过程中的放射性核素中子俘获截面对天体核合成和核素丰度有重大影响, 在直接测量异常困难的情况下, 替代比率法是获得放射性核素中子俘获截面数据的一种间接新方法。 简单介绍了替代比率法理论, 并简要论述了用替代比率法推导中重核区放射性核素中子俘获截面的可行性。 The radioactive nuclei neutron capture cross section is very important to nuclearsynthesis and nuclide abundance in s process, but it is difficult to be measured directly because of the target production. A new method, surrogate ratio method which is developed from surrogate method, could be used to determine the cross section of radioactive nuclei neutron capture. In this paper, the surrogate ratio method was introduced and the feasibility was discussed to deduce the desired neutron capture cross sections with surrogate ratio method.     

高离化态Au离子光电离过程的理论研究

基于多组态Dirac-Fock方法的程序包GRASP92和RATIP及在此基础上最新发展的RELPHOTO08程序, 系统地研究了高离化态金离子M壳层的光电离截面随入射光子能量、 离化度以及壳层的变化规律。结果表明: 光电离截面随光子能量的增大而单调减小; 电离nl电子时, 如果相关电子的主量子数较大, 则该电子存在与否对其光电离截面几乎没有影响; 在同一离化度下, 角量子数l可引起两种性质不同的效应, 其相互竞争可导致光电离截面随入射光子能量的复杂变化。Based on multiconfiguration Dirac Fock method and the corresponding packages GRASP92 and RATIP, as well as the newly developed RELPHOTO08, the variations of M subshell photoionization cross sections with the photon energy, ionization degree and subshells for highly charged gold ions are studied systemically. The present results show that the cross sections are decreasing monotonously with the photon energy; for the photoionization of nl electrons, if the principal quantum number of removed electron is large enough, the cross sections are essentially unchanged upon the presence or absence of outer electrons; for same ionization degree, the angular quantum number introduces two opposite effects which could exist simultaneously, and the intricate variations of cross sections with the photon energy originate from the competition between these two different effects.     

核子-核子碰撞截面的参数化公式

核子-核子碰撞截面(σ_NN)是描述原子核反应模型中的重要物理量。 核子-核子碰撞截面包括质子-质子碰撞截面（σ_pp）、中子-中子碰撞截面（σ_NN）和中子 质子碰撞截面（σ_np）, 它们随着核子能量与核物质密度的改变而变化。人们在目前研究中提出了多种核子-核子碰撞截面关于能量和核物质密度的参数化公式,通过计算12C+12C的完全反应截面,比较了不同入射能量下使用各种核子-核子碰撞截面参数化公式对12C完全反应截面的影响。 The nucleus-nucleus cross sections(σ_NN) include the proton-proton cross section, neutron-neutron cross section, and neutron-proton cross section. σ_NN change with the variations of the incident energies and the densities. Some parameterizations of σ_NNas a function of incident energy and density have been proposed in the theoretical and experimental study of nuclear reactions. Through the calculation of reaction cross sections of 12C+12C at different energies, the effect of different σ_NN parameterizations in the reaction cross sections of 12 are studied.      

低速Ar q+(q=7—14)离子入射Au表面激发的X射线谱

研究了高电荷态离子40Arq+(q=7—14)轰击金属Au表面产生的特征X射线谱。 实验结果表明, 在弱束流（nA量级）的情况下, 对于动能相同的入射离子, 当电荷态比较高（q=11）时, 便能有效地激发靶原子的特征X射线, 单离子的X射线产额高达10-8量级。 分析结果显示, 入射离子的势能、 动能和这种相互作用特有的镜像相互作用势能沉积在靶表面, 使靶原子内壳层电子激发和电离, 形成空穴和产生外壳层电子填充空穴辐射特征X射线,特征X射线的产额随入射离子的势能（电荷态）的增加而增加。 The Au atomic Mα characteristic X ray spectrum has been measured for the slow highly charged ions Arq+ (q= 7—14) impacting on Au surface. The result shows that as long as the charge state of projectile is higher（q=11）, the characteristic X rays of heavy atomic can be effectively excited even though the ionic beam is very weak(nA magnitude), and the single ionic X ray yield is in the order of 10-8 and increases with potential energies of projectiles.     

Single electron capture in collisions of N^q＋ （q = 5, 6, 7） ions with helium

Close-coupling calculations are carried out for cross sections of the single electron capture in collisions of N^q+ (q = 5, 6, 7) ions with helium atoms in the collision velocity range from 0.3 a.u. to 1.8 a.u. The relative importances of the single ionization (SI) to the single capture (SC) are investigated for the N^q+ (q = 5, 6, 7) projectiles, respectively. The SI/SC cross section ratio for the N⁷⁺ projectile obtained from our calculations is in excellent agreement with the experimental data. The ratio curves also show us distinct behaviours when the charge of the projectile is different. The partial electron capture cross sections for different projectiles indicate that the electron on the target He atom tends to be captured by the projectile into its lower orbital of the outer shell with the decreasing projectile charge.     

Effect of the structure of the singly charged ion on the cross section for electron capture

The calculations of the cross section for single-electron capture by fast ions are carried out in the Oppenheimer-Brinkman-Kramers approximation. The dependences of the experimental and calculated cross sections for single-electron capture by fast singly charged ions on the collision energy coincide. This makes it possible to estimate the cross section for electron capture in the case of ion-atom collisions if experimental data are absent. The results of calculations for projectiles with filled s-type subshells show that the contribution of electron capture channels to the excited state of the scattered particle depends on the collision energy.     

Eikonal approximation for single-electron capture from hydrogen molecules by proton impact

A four-body eikonal approximation is developed to study the single-electron capture process in collision of the fast protons with the hydrogen molecular targets. For a fixed orientation of the molecular axis, the double-differential cross sections are evaluated for electron capture. Interference patterns originated from the two atomic centres are obtained for different orientations of the molecular target. Equal-weighted average of the differential capture cross sections over all the possible orientations of the molecular target is calculated for various impact energies. Angular distributions of the differential cross sections for single charge transfer at various impact energies as a function of the angle between the axis of the molecule and the incident beam direction are calculated and compared with their corresponding experimental values as well as the results obtained from other theories. Integrated cross sections are calculated and compared with available experimental data and other theoretical calculations.     

反应窗理论的适用性研究

基于低能离子与原子碰撞的分子库仑过垒模型，简要描述了与入射离子速度相关的反应窗理论.根据这一理论，计算了不同碰撞速度时O⁸⁺-H，Ar⁸⁺-H，Ar⁸⁺-He，Ne¹⁰⁺-He及Ar¹⁸⁺-He等碰撞体系单电子俘获过程的微分截面，还计算了碰撞速度为0.53 a.u.时¹⁵N⁷⁺-Ne碰撞体系单电子、双电子及三电子俘获过程的微分截面，并与他人的实验结果作了比较.研究发现，反应窗理论预言的末态电子分布与实验结果符合较好.理论和实验研究表明，随着碰撞速度的增加反应窗变宽；反应窗理论所预言的微分截面，当Q值较小时比实验结果偏大，当Q值较大时比实验结果偏小. 关键词： 反应窗理论 态选择微分截面 分子库仑过垒模型 离子与原子碰撞     

低能He2+-He反应中单电子俘获微分散射过程的实验研究

利用冷靶反冲离子动量谱仪装置系统研究了20—40 keV He²⁺-He碰撞体系的态选择单电子俘获过程,实验获得了单电子俘获过程的态选择截面以及角微分截面.在所研究的能区范围,电子俘获到L壳层的截面最大,为主要的反应道,这与分子库仑过垒模型的反应窗理论的预测一致.实验测量的态选择截面与原子轨道紧耦合的计算结果很好地符合,与光谱方法的测量结果存在一定的差别,主要原因是光谱方法不能测量完整的反应通道信息.实验结果表明,总角微分截面在小角度范围主要来源于电子俘获到基态的贡献,在大角度范围主要来自电子俘获到激发态的贡献;电子俘获到基态的和激发态的角微分截面均出现振荡结构,这种振荡来源于电子俘获反应中分子轨道之间的相干效应.实验测量的角微分截面与其他实验和紧耦合方法的计算结果进行了比较和分析. 关键词： 冷靶反冲离子动量谱仪 态选择电子俘获 态选择截面 角微分截面     

中子与56Fe反应的理论计算

应用光学模型、核内级联模型、激子模型（含改进的Iwamoto-Harada模型）、统一的Hauser-Feshbach理论以及扭曲波玻恩近似理论,对入射能量在20 MeV以下中子与56Fe非弹性散射反应的γ产生截面、分立能级截面和总的非弹性散射截面进行计算,并与最新实验数据以及来自ENDF/B-VII、JEFF-3.1和JENDL-4库的评价数据进行比较和分析。结果显示,理论计算结果与实验数据符合较好,并且对于有些激发态的非弹性散射截面我们的计算结果优于ENDF/B-VII,JEFF-3.1和JENDL-4库的评价结果。The gamma production, level production and total inelastic scattering cross sections are calculated at incident neutron energy below 20 MeV. The optical model, the intra-nuclear cascade model, the exciton model (including improved Iwamoto-Harada model), the uni ed Hauser-Feshbach theory and the distorted wave Born approximation theory are used. Theoretical calculated results are compared with the recent experimental data and other evaluated data from ENDF/B-VII, JEFF-3.1, and JENDL-4. It is found that our calculated results agree with the experimental data and the calculated results for some level cross sections are more consistent with the related experimental data than the results from ENDF/B-VII, JEFF-3.1, and JENDL-4 data base.     

A^z^＋—H（1s）碰撞中的电荷交换和电离

本文采用与经典轨道蒙特卡罗方法（ＣＴＭＣ）不同的方法，利用精确的量子力学氢原子的波函数，抽样氢原子中电子的位置及动量分布，而不是用经典轨道抽样的办法。仔细计算了Ｈ＾＋，Ｈｅ＾２＾＋，Ｌｉ＾３＾＋，Ｃ＾６＾＋，Ｏ＾８＾＋，Ｎｅ＾１＾０＾＋，Ｓｉ＾１＾４＾＋等全裸离子与氢原子碰撞过程中的电子俘获及电离截面，并给出被俘获后的电子在入射裸离子中的壳层分布图象，实际计算表明，其结果是令人满意的，特别是俘获截     

甲硫醇的低能电子弹性碰撞截面

使用R-matrix方法在静态交换和静态交换加极化两种模型下研究电子-甲硫醇的弹性散射．计算的弹性散射截面与已有的实验结果符合的很好．静态交换极化模型探测到了两个具有2A'对称性的形 状共振态,能量位置分别在4.06和8.32 eV．通过波恩修正,用更高的分波l>4获得了收敛的截面．还使用计算的动量转移截面数据计算了200～30000 K的高效电子碰撞频率.