CeO_2∶Eu~(3 )粉末的溶胶-凝胶法制备及发光性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同浓度Eu3 掺杂的CeO2发光粉,样品粉末在紫外光激发下发出明亮的橙红色光。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)和光致发光光谱(PL)对样品的结晶过程和发光性质进行了表征。XRD分析表明在0.2at.%～10at.%的Eu3 掺杂范围内,用溶胶-凝胶法合成的样品在500℃就结晶成纯相的CeO2∶Eu3 多晶粉末。由于Ce4 和Eu3 离子半径十分接近,因而Eu3 在CeO2中具有较高的固溶度。PL激发谱中出现在300～390nm的宽带激发峰起源于基质CeO2的吸收,电子吸收能量后,发生O2-—Ce4 的电荷迁移,再将能量传递给Eu3 。PL发射谱显示Eu3 含量为6at.%的样品发光强度最强,随后出现浓度猝灭。导致发光出现浓度猝灭的机制是电偶极-电四极相互作用。样品烧结温度的升高,促使晶粒长大和结晶完整性提高,从而显著提高了CeO2∶Eu3 粉末的发光强度。     

CeO2:Eu3+粉末的溶胶-凝胶法制备及发光性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同浓度Eu3 掺杂的CeO2发光粉,样品粉末在紫外光激发下发出明亮的橙红色光.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)和光致发光光谱(PL)对样品的结晶过程和发光性质进行了表征.XRD分析表明在0.2at.%～10at.%的Eu3 掺杂范围内,用溶胶-凝胶法合成的样品在500℃就结晶成纯相的CeO2:Eu3 多晶粉末.由于Ce4 和Eu3 离子半径十分接近,因而Eu3 在CeO2中具有较高的固溶度.PL激发谱中出现在300～390 nm的宽带激发峰起源于基质CeO2的吸收,电子吸收能量后,发生O2--Ce4 的电荷迁移,再将能量传递给Eu3 .PL发射谱显示Eu3 含量为6at.%的样品发光强度最强,随后出现浓度猝灭.导致发光出现浓度猝灭的机制是电偶极-电四极相互作用.样品烧结温度的升高,促使晶粒长大和结晶完整性提高,从而显著提高了CeO2:Eu3 粉末的发光强度.     

Sr2 CeO4电荷迁移发光的光谱结构规律研究

利用高温固相反应法分别合成了不同物相形成机理的Sr2CeO4，Sr2CeO4：Ca^2 和Sr2CeO4：Ba^2 样品，并对其光谱特性进行了研究．结果发现，对于由SrO和CeO2直接反应生成的Sr2CeO4(Ⅰ)，激发主峰位于256nm左右；而对于SrCeO4和SrO反应生成的Sr2CeO4(Ⅱ)，激发主峰位于279nm左右．在Sr2CeO4(Ⅰ)中掺入Ca^2 ，其激发光谱随着Ca^2 离子浓度的增加逐渐接近于Sr2CeO4(Ⅱ)的激发光谱．激发主峰带应属于CeO6八面体终端Ce^4 -O^2-键的电荷迁移带．对于激发光谱中340nm左右的弱激发峰，其峰值波长不受形成机理及Ca^2 掺杂的影响，只是其强度随着激发主峰的红移而增加，它可能属于CeO6八面体平面上Ce^4 -O^2-键的电荷迁移带．形成机理及Ca^2 掺杂对发射光谱没有影响．Ca^2 在Sr2CeO4(Ⅱ)与Ba^2 在Sr2CeO4(Ⅰ)和(Ⅱ)中均难于替代Sr^2 的位置．     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Ce3+掺杂纳米SiO2材料光致发光研究

通过溶胶-凝胶技术制备了掺杂Ce^3＋离子的纳米SiO2材料，并经较低温度下煅烧，研究其光致发光（PL）性能。X射线衍射（XRD）及透射电子显微镜（TEM）测试结果表明该纳米材料具有非晶态结构，颗粒尺寸为20～30nm。对其光致发光谱的测定显示：经450℃低温煅烧，未掺杂SiO2样品的光致发光谱明显为多峰的宽带结构，而微量Ce^3＋掺杂的样品在230nm激发下存在着唯一的一个很强的、主峰位于346nm左右的紫外发光峰，与未掺杂SiO2及Cu^2＋掺杂SiO2样品的比较表明该发光峰并非常见的Ce^3＋离子的d-f跃迁产生的特征发光带，而是起源于SiO2中的某种本征缺陷中心。通过不同煅烧温度以及不同Ce^3＋离子掺杂量对346nm发光峰强度的影响，讨论该发光峰起源可能的结构模型。     

Dy3+掺杂Sr1-xCaxMoO4的制备及发光性能研究

采用高温固栩法制备了Dy<'3+>掺杂的Sr1-xCaxMoO<,4>荧光粉.利用XRD、SEM、激发发射光谱以及色参数等研究了所制备荧光粉的结构和发光性能以及x值埘荧光粉性能的影响.XRD图像农明当x=1和x=0时样品为CaMoO<,4>和SrMoO<,4>单一相.SEM 图像表明在750℃下煅烧3 h制备的样品粒径为0.2～1.0μm,适合同态发光器件的要求.监测576 nm得到的样品的激发光谱由250～340 nm之间的一个宽带和340～460 nm之间的一系列尖峰组成.改变Sr/Ca的值,电荷迁移带激发峰位置发生变化,而窄带跃迁的激发峰强度发生变化.用350 nm波长激发样品得到的发射谱由峰值位于480和576 nm的两个窄带组成,它们是由和跃迁引起的.黄色发射峰和监色发射峰的强度比Y/B随着Sr/Ca比值的变化而变化.     

不同激发波长对Sr3Al2O6∶Eu2+,Dy3+红色长余辉发光材料发射光谱的影响

采用高温固相法合成了Sr3Al2O6∶Eu2+,Dy3+长余辉发光材料。用X射线衍射仪及荧光分光光度计对材料物相及光谱性能进行了分析。结果表明:所得样品为Sr3Al2O6的纯相,在360nm波长的激发下,得到波峰为537nm的宽带发射光谱;在468nm波长的激发下,得到波峰为590nm的宽带发射光谱;在波长为394nm的激发下,537和590nm的峰同时出现。根据晶格场效应和电子云膨胀效应,对不同激发波长对Sr3Al2O6∶Eu2+,Dy3+发射光谱的影响进行了解释。结果表明:在Sr3Al2O6∶Eu2+,Dy3+中发光中心因其5d能级劈裂幅度不同及4f65d1能带重心不同而导致发光颜色的不同。     

Bi3+掺杂对Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+荧光粉的结构及发光性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在还原气氛下制备了Sr2MgSi2O7∶Eu2+,xBi3+(x=0,0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,0.1)荧光粉,并用XRD、TG-DTA及激发与发射谱仪对样品的结构及发光性能进行了表征.结果发现:单掺杂Bi3+的Sr2MgSi2O7样品的发射光谱所用的材料的激发光谱为一主峰为286 nm的宽带谱,这是由于激发态时Bi3+的3p1→1S0电子能级跃迁而造成的;单掺杂Eu2+的Sr2MgSi2O7样品的发射光谱所用的材料的激发光谱为一主峰为358 nm的宽带谱,这是典型的Eu2+的4f65d3→4f7跃迁而引起的.当Bi3+离子掺杂到Sr2MgSi2O7∶Eu2样品的摩尔分数为0.04时,样品的发射强度是未掺杂Bi3离子样品的1.9倍.     

X射线增感屏用纳米CaWO4的Pechini溶胶-凝胶法制备及其光学性能

采用Pechini溶胶-凝胶法制得纳米级CaWO4荧光粉,通过X射线衍射图、扫描电镜和发射光谱对其形貌和发光性能进行了研究,结果表明750℃条件下所得样品为纯相CaWO4晶体,在X射线激发下发射峰位于420nm,与感蓝胶片的光谱灵敏度匹配良好。其粒径在纳米量级且粒度分布集中是该方法所得CaWO4荧光粉的突出优点。将此荧光粉制成X射线增感屏并与市售同类产品相比,该增感屏可使感光片的成像质量显著提高。     

溶胶凝胶软石印法制备Zn_2SiO_4∶Mn图案化薄膜及其发光性能的研究

采用溶胶 凝胶法制备了Zn2SiO4∶Mn薄膜并结合毛细管微模板技术实现了薄膜的图案化,利用X射线衍射(XRD),原子力显微镜,光学显微镜,发光光谱等手段对Zn2SiO4∶Mn的结晶过程、发光性质进行了研究。XRD结果表明,溶胶 凝胶法合成的样品在800℃时已开始结晶,在1000℃时可得到纯相的Zn2SiO4∶Mn,这比传统的固相法的烧结温度低150℃。Zn2SiO4∶Mn薄膜的激发光谱在220nm和280nm之间有一个强的吸收峰,峰值位于248nm,发射光谱的最大值位于522nm,为绿光发射。从原子力显微镜照片可知组成薄膜的粒子比较均匀,其平均直径为220nm。我们获得了四种图案化宽度,分别是5,10,20,50μm。光学显微镜的结果表明,图案薄膜烧结后相对于烧结前有10%～20%的收缩。     

Sr2CeO4∶Dy3+荧光粉的合成以及发光特性的研究

以亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为网络剂,采用高分子网络凝胶法合成了Sr2CeO4∶Dy3+荧光粉,并表征其结构、颗粒形貌及发光性能。研究结果表明:Sr2CeO4∶Dy3+无其他杂相存在且粉末颗粒大小均匀。其紫外-可见吸收带集中在480nm附近;在370nm紫外光激发下,其发射图谱为一多峰发射;监测470nm的发射峰,所得样品的激发谱为一双峰宽谱,峰位为292和338nm。同时研究了Dy3+掺杂浓度对样品发射光谱的影响,结果显示,随着Dy3+浓度的增大,其黄、蓝发射峰强度比值逐渐增大,但发光强度呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在Dy3+掺杂浓度为0.4mol%时达到最大值。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.     

Real-time restoration of rotational blurred image using gradient-loading

The key to the restoration of rotational motion blurred image is how to restore the image under a low cost and to correct the irreversibility of the degradation function matrix.Based on the special qualities of degradation function matrix and precise deduction in space-domain, we present a new approach using gradient-loading for restoration of rotational blurred image.By easily adding a gradient operator, the irreversibility of the original matrix is corrected and can be applied for inverse filtering then.Gradientloading is the optimized approach which combines the advantages of both the approaches using constrained least square filtering and traditional diagonal-loading.Compared with the approach using least square filtering, its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved from 3.18 to 6.46dB, while the computing time is reduced to 1/2-1/3.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, noise-resistibility, robustness, and low complexity of this approach, which make it more suitable for real-time environment.     

All-Optical Logic Device Using Bent Nonlinear Tapered Y-Junction Waveguide Structure

We propose an all-optical logic device made of a bent tapered Y-junction waveguide with a Kerr-type nonlinear interface. It could provide an AND gate, OR gate, and exclusive-OR (XOR) gate. We could obtain different transmission results by adjusting the bending angle. The numerical simulation results show that the device functions as AND, OR, and XOR gates.     

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz imaging by a pyroelectric camera

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz (THz) imaging is demonstrated. A 1.89-THz optically-pumped farinfrared laser is used as the illumination source, and a 124 × 124 element room-temperature pyroelectric camera is adopted as the detector. With this setup, THz images through various wrapping materials are shown. The results show that this imaging system has the potential applications in real-time mail and security inspection.