电动声源热声致冷机声学和计算实例

我们将各种热声致机简化为一包括声学终端在内的声管道系统，并通过实例讨论了致冷机的声学特性，该管道系统与一般声管道不同：１．在热声堆中热波和粘滞波不可不计。２．在热声堆与声管连接时，必需考虑合成波的体积流；而热声堆内只需考虑传播波的体积流。本文对此提出了阻抗连接条件的修正。实例使用电动扬声器为声源，给出了热声行波和驻波致冷的声学计算方法以及它们的声学特性，所用扬声器的标称伏安为１００ＶＡ，可为热声致     

基于行波声场的热声斯特林混合型热机

文中介绍了一种新型的、工作于行波声场的热声斯特林混合型热机.考虑到振荡圈内两种形式的声流-Gedeon流和Raileigh流,解释了它们出现的原因及从结构上消除它们的方法.为了产生行波声场和形成高声阻抗,从热声网络的观点建立了系统的简化模型.提出了进一步研究的方向及思路.     

声空化强化振荡流热管传热实验研究

本文提出了声空化强化振荡流热管传热的方法,并对常规振荡流热管与声空化振荡流热管传热性能进行了对比实验,观察不同加热温度和声空化强度对热管传热性能的影响.实验结果表明在不同的声空化强度下,声空化振荡流热管传热均大于常规振荡流热管;在相同的加热温度下,声空化振荡流热管的当量导热系数均大于常规振荡流热管.声空化强化振荡流热管传热的方法是可行的.     

时均流激声发动机声场特性实验研究

时均流激声发动机利用流体诱导声振荡效应把自然界的风和管道气体的动能转化为声场能,可驱动热声制冷机制冷或驱动发电机和换能器发电,为风能利用提供了新思路。在国内首次搭建了正十字型时均流激声发动机实验台,以一台高压风机提供的气流模拟自然风,获得了稳定的驻波声场。在此基础上,揭示了时均流速、平均压力、斯特劳哈尔数等对时均流诱导声振荡的影响。在平均压力为106.19 kPa、时均流速为50.52 m/s、谐振管长度为0.96 m的条件下,该正十字型时均流激声发动机谐振管内的压力振幅达6.20 kPa,约为平均压力的5.80%,为时均流激声发动机驱动发电装置和热声制冷研究奠定了实验基础。     

声单向操控研究进展

电子二极管的发明标志着现代电子学的诞生, 在整个人类社会中引起了科技的深刻变革. 声波是一种具有非常悠久的研究历史的经典波, 却始终被认为仅具有对称的传播形式. 若能制造出可像电子二极管控制电流般实现声波单向导通的声学器件, 显然将对整个声学研究领域产生重大影响, 具有重要的科学意义及应用价值. 第一个基于非线性媒质与声子晶体的声二极管利用非线性突破声学互易原理的局限, 首次实现了将声能流限制在单一方向上的声整流效应. 针对非线性系统转换效率低下的固有缺陷, 在线性体系内围绕声单向传播这个重要科学问题开展了一系列理论和实验研究, 设计与制备了多种具有特殊结构和性能的线性声学单向结构, 在器件的效率、带宽及尺寸方面产生了突破. 在声二极管研究的基础上, 第一个可以像电子三极管操控电流般对声流进行操控与放大的声三极管理论模型也被提出. 本文介绍了声单向传播这一新兴且富有蓬勃生机的研究领域中的主要进展.     

声悬浮条件下环己烷液滴的蒸发凝固

采用单轴式声悬浮方法研究了环己烷液滴的蒸发过程,发现环己烷液滴的蒸发可以使自身温度降至熔点以下并发生凝固.高速摄像实时观测表明,环己烷晶核开始形成于液滴赤道附近,并以枝晶方式长大,平均生长速度为12.5-160.4 mm/s.进一步研究发现,声悬浮条件下平均Sherwood数与平均Nusselt数的比值Sh/Nu是在自然对流条件下的1.3倍,这表明声流边界层有效提高了环己烷液滴的蒸发速率而对传热的促进作用相对较小,因而可以使液滴降至更低温度,进而发生凝固.据此,提出了挥发性液体在声悬浮条件下发生蒸发凝固的必要条件. 关键词： 声悬浮 声流 环己烷 蒸发凝固     

声空化外场对振荡流热管传热性能的影响

本文通过实验研究了声空化外场对振荡流热管传热性能的影响规律.声空化外场对振荡流热管传热性能有显著影响,在某些工况下声空化外场可以加速热管的启动,提高热管传热性能,但亦出现施加声空化外场反而削弱传热的现象.声空化外场对振荡流热管具有独特的作用,其特殊的规律,以及内、外场之间的耦合机制亟需进行更加深入的研究.     

轴对称环状静电模的漂移波湍流参量激发理论研究

本文所论述的轴对称环状静电模是指环形磁约束等离子体(如托卡马克)中环向模数为零的近理想静电流体模,它包含有测地声模和基频率与之较低的声模;也含有所谓的‘近零频带状流’.本文根据冷离子流体模型在圆形磁面构成的准环坐标系中的表示,对涉及以上三种模式的漂移波湍流参量激发理论,在一级环形效应近似下,进行了系统讨论,并证明了带状流的四个新命题.利用对漂移波能谱的参数化描写,注意到由漂移波能谱径向有限宽度所引发的特性,如波能传播量的双Landau奇点,揭示了有限宽度对径向δ谱所得结果的重要修正:如,对近零频带状流和测地声模的参量激发条件带来的严格限制.此外,还讨论了密度带状流在高q条件下被激发的可能性.本文选用合理的物理参数.采用图示方法详细地讨论了有关的数值结果.分析表明,测地声模和近零频带状流的参量激发不可能发生在同一小半径处;如果测地声模被参量激发,也应能观察到密度带状流.     

超声空化及其声流结构实验研究*

超声空化及其声流效应在医学、化工和能源等领域得到广泛应用。本文采用高速摄像和粒子图像测速系统分别研究了超声场下的空化形态和声流场结构的时空演化规律。实验研究了50W,100W,200W和250W等四种不同输入功率对18kHz的超声变幅杆附近空化及其声流场的影响。研究结果表明：（1）在变幅杆下端面处观察到由大量空化气泡均匀分布组成的倒置锥形空泡结构,并且锥形空泡结构为稳态流动结构。（2）在超声变幅杆附近产生了两种不同的声流形式,第一种是变幅杆底端的射流型声流,第二种是变幅杆两侧的回旋流。此外,通过研究空泡与声流场中最大速度点之间的空间对应关系,发现声流是因为空泡流动带动而产生的。（3）空间位置和输入功率能显著影响射流型声流的流场结构,但是对回旋流的影响十分微弱。     

超声波强化超滤过程

本文综述了超声波强化超滤的实验方法，超声波对越滤膜结构的影响及超声波强化清洗超滤膜等方面的研究进展，论述了超声波强化超滤的作用机理，声冲流和空化作用在超声波强化超滤中起到主要作用。     

Numerical study of a near-zero-index acoustic metamaterial

This Letter studies a two-dimensional, membrane-based acoustic metamaterial with a near-zero refractive index. It yields a frequency-dependent effective density that is near-zero at a narrow frequency band centered around its first resonant frequency. This effective density results in its near-zero refractive index. Numerical simulations are shown which demonstrate that the phase in this metamaterial undergoes small changes, and the metamaterial functions as an angular filter such that only a wave with a near-zero incident angle can transmit. Its ability to tailor acoustic phase pattern is also discussed in this Letter.     

Stability analysis of the rotor of ultrasonic motor driving fluid directly

The stability of the rotor of ultrasonic motor driving fluid directly is a key to its applications and control. This paper introduced the acoustic streaming and acoustic viscous stress near the boundary layer. Following this, the effect of acoustic viscous force on the stability of the rotor of ultrasonic motor driving fluid directly was presented in detail. The result showed that this system can be equivalent to a mass-spring and the spring constant can be used to weigh the stability of the rotor. By this model and relevant experiments, factors that affect the stability of the rotor such as the driving frequency, the rotor's weight and radius, the saturated acoustic streaming velocity, the mode number of stator vibration, the fluid's height and type are investigated and useful guidelines for design and application are obtained.     

体育馆声学设计探讨

本文分析了我国综合性体育馆共同的体形特征及其所导致的运用建筑声学时的出现的若干问题，探讨了有关的声学标准，并以工程实践为例，说明必须依靠建筑声学设计和电声设计的结合，才能作好体育馆的声学设计。     

体育馆声学设计探讨

本文分析了我国综合性体育馆共同的体形特征及其所导致的运用建筑本学时出现的若干问题，探讨了有关的声学标准，并以工程实践为例，说明必须依靠建筑产学设计和电声设计的结合，才能作好体育馆的声学设计．     

Acoustic impedance microscopy for biological tissue characterization

A new method for two-dimensional acoustic impedance imaging for biological tissue characterization with micro-scale resolution was proposed. A biological tissue was placed on a plastic substrate with a thickness of 0.5 mm. A focused acoustic pulse with a wide frequency band was irradiated from the “rear side” of the substrate. In order to generate the acoustic wave, an electric pulse with two nanoseconds in width was applied to a PVDF-TrFE type transducer. The component of echo intensity at an appropriate frequency was extracted from the signal received at the same transducer, by performing a time–frequency domain analysis. The spectrum intensity was interpreted into local acoustic impedance of the target tissue. The acoustic impedance of the substrate was carefully assessed prior to the measurement, since it strongly affects the echo intensity. In addition, a calibration was performed using a reference material of which acoustic impedance was known. The reference material was attached on the same substrate at different position in the field of view. An acoustic impedance microscopy with 200 × 200 pixels, its typical field of view being 2 × 2 mm, was obtained by scanning the transducer. The development of parallel fiber in cerebella cultures was clearly observed as the contrast in acoustic impedance, without staining the specimen. The technique is believed to be a powerful tool for biological tissue characterization, as no staining nor slicing is required.     

Manipulation with sound and vibration: A review on the micromanipulation system based on sub-MHz acoustic waves

Manipulation of micro-objects have been playing an essential role in biochemical analysis or clinical diagnostics. Among the diverse technologies for micromanipulation, acoustic methods show the advantages of good biocompatibility, wide tunability, a label-free and contactless manner. Thus, acoustic micromanipulations have been widely exploited in micro-analysis systems. In this article, we reviewed the acoustic micromanipulation systems that were actuated by sub-MHz acoustic waves. In contrast to the high-frequency range, the acoustic microsystems operating at sub-MHz acoustic frequency are more accessible, whose acoustic sources are at low cost and even available from daily acoustic devices (e.g. buzzers, speakers, piezoelectric plates). The broad availability, with the addition of the advantages of acoustic micromanipulation, make sub-MHz microsystems promising for a variety of biomedical applications. Here, we review recent progresses in sub-MHz acoustic micromanipulation technologies, focusing on their applications in biomedical fields. These technologies are based on the basic acoustic phenomenon, such as cavitation, acoustic radiation force, and acoustic streaming. And categorized by their applications, we introduce these systems for mixing, pumping and droplet generation, separation and enrichment, patterning, rotation, propulsion and actuation. The diverse applications of these systems hold great promise for a wide range of enhancements in biomedicines and attract increasing interest for further investigation.     

Effects of the pump-circuit acoustic coupling on the blade-passing frequency perturbations

Centrifugal pumps are a source of pressure and flow rate perturbations in hydraulic pumping systems. In particular, a significant excitation is usually induced at the blade-passing frequency and harmonics as a consequence of the fluid-dynamic interaction between the rotor and the stator. The magnitude of this excitation is very dependent on the internal geometry of the pump and on its point of operation, but it depends also on the acoustic response of the hydraulic network to the perturbations. The induced and transmitted perturbations can be either amplified or reduced depending on the pump-circuit acoustic coupling, and thus they can lead to excessive levels of noise and vibration under certain conditions. The purpose of the present investigation is the theoretical and experimental characterization of the perturbations induced in a laboratory pumping system, as a function of the acoustic impedance of the pipelines. For different points of operation, the blade-passing frequency impedance is changed by varying the speed of rotation and, additionally, by modifying a closed side branch of the hydraulic system (that is, in the absence of net flow through it). For the theoretical calculations an acoustic model, based on matrix formulation, is applied to obtain the influence of different acoustic impedances of the suction side on the pressure fluctuations at the pump. Test measurements with a fast-response piezoelectric pressure transducer situated at the tongue region of the pump under the same system configurations confirm the significant effect of the pump-circuit acoustic coupling on the pressure perturbations.     

非同步的多普勒水声跟踪定位原理

提出了一种新的水声跟踪定位方法,它仅测量目标非同步声信标到达各测量基元的接收信号和频率,来对目标声学跟踪定位,称之为非同步多普勒定位方法,本文介绍其原理,处和仿真结果。     

On the behaviour of artificial head transfer system applied to acoustic evaluation researches for halls

The author has made tests for an artificial head transfer system whichis modelled on a Chinese male on its main physical behaviour such as frequencyresponses,frequency response differences between the front and the rear inci-dences,as will as on its important hearing behaviour such as localization,theperception of distance and room dimensions.The results verify that this kind ofartificial head transfer system can be used as one of effective tools of acousticevaluation researches for halls.     

Acoustic Field Effect on Electrochemiluminescence of Organic Molecules in Solutions

Electrochemical reactions in solutions causing the production of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) have been studied already for more than ten years^1–4. In the main the ECL mechanism is established, the main regularities of this interesting phenomenon are determined. The attention is paid to the ECL in connection with the fact that its radiation gives a vast information about the electrochemical reactions in solutions. Moreover on this basis an effective and convenient transformators of the electrical signals into light can be carried out (the quantum efficiency is 20% for some solutions⁵). As a rule the ECL experiments are made under conditions controlled by an ordinary or convective diffusion. In this paper the results of investigations of the ECL upon condition of great external disturbances of solution whic occure due to the applicatin of the ultrasonic fields to the cell are given. To our Knowledge suvh investigations have not been undertaken earlier.