壳聚糖与五种过渡金属离子形成配合物的研究

差热分析法、红外光谱法研究了壳聚糖和5种过渡元素金属离子盐(Fe3 、Co2 、Ni2 、Cu2 、Zn2 )形成不同壳聚糖金属配合物变化特征.结果表明,由于壳聚糖分子中含有大量的-NH2、-OH基,与金属离子发生配位作用后,吸热和放热峰均发生了较大的位移,在3400cm-1羟基和氨基、1654.11cm-1处酰胺IR吸收峰均发生了相应的变化;而位于1379cm-1 C-H弯曲和-CH3对称变形振动吸收峰保持不变,表明壳聚糖与金属离子发生配位后稳定空间构象发生变化.     

硫酸交联壳聚糖干膜的13C CP MAS NMR研究

以不同浓度硫酸交联的壳聚糖干膜为研究对象,在国内首次采用¹³C CP MAS NMR技术从分子水平上对壳聚糖膜的结构进行研究,结果表明干膜壳聚糖分子的构象能直观地反映出膜的交联状况,交联状况与膜的分离性能密切相关,但仅对干膜的考察还不够全面.     

质子化改性壳聚糖吸附硫酸根行为及其光谱分析

壳聚糖(CTS)具有活性基团氨基和羟基,可用作吸附剂。在酸性介质中其氨基容易质子化形成氨基正离子,具有吸附阴离子的能力,同时也导致吸附剂的溶解流失;进行交联处理可提高吸附剂的酸稳定性,但也导致吸附性能的下降。因此可进行氨基保护后进行交联以改善其酸溶液稳定性,再脱去氨基保护剂进行质子化处理以获得较好的对阴离子的吸附性能。以甲醛为氨基保护剂,戊二醛为交联剂,通过反相悬浮法制得交联壳聚糖(CCTS),对其进行质子化制得质子化改性壳聚糖吸附剂(P-CCTS),并首次将该吸附剂用于处理水溶液中的硫酸根离子。通过静态吸附实验,考察了质子化改性壳聚糖对硫酸根的吸附性能;利用X射线能谱元素分析(EDS)和红外光谱分析(FTIR)对该吸附剂的制备以及对硫酸根离子的吸附过程进行了表征,探索了交联反应和吸附反应的发生机理。实验结果表明:质子化改性壳聚糖吸附剂与交联壳聚糖相比,其对硫酸根离子的吸附性能提高了约10倍;甲醛、戊二醛的醛基与壳聚糖的交联反应主要发生在的氨基(—NH2)和部分一级羟基(C6—OH)上;质子化过程中交联壳聚糖的氨基与质子化剂形成了氯化壳聚糖氨盐;对硫酸根离子的吸附则主要是质子化氨基上氯离子与硫酸根离子的交换作用。     

N-乙酰化壳聚糖的FTIR和XRD研究

壳聚糖分子的脱乙酰度(DD)是影响壳聚糖性质的主要因素之一.文章通过壳聚糖的N-乙酰化反应制备了不同脱乙酰度的壳聚糖.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线衍射(XRD)分别研究了由N-乙酰化反应得到的不同脱乙酰度的壳聚糖的红外光谱特性和晶体结构,并由此分别计算确定了样品的脱乙酰度和结晶度,探讨了N-乙酰化程度对壳聚糖脱乙酰度以及结晶度的影响.由FTIR可知,随N-乙酰程度的增加,壳聚糖分子中剩余氨基的反应速度变慢.另外XRD也表明,伴随N-乙酰反应,壳聚糖分子的结晶区被破坏,规整度下降,并逐渐形成新的结晶区.     

壳聚糖的吸附行为及其FTIR光谱研究

用自制的壳聚糖对几种酸性染料和碱性染料模拟废水进行了吸附行为的研究,考察了吸附时间、壳聚糖脱已酰度及废水pH值对吸附效果的影响。研究表明,在吸附开始的20min内,壳聚糖对碱性品红和番红花红的吸附已基本达到平衡,且用量只为活性炭用量的2／3的情况下,对染料的吸附效果与活性炭几乎相当;它对酸性大红的吸附过程呈现一级反应动力学特征。文章还采用傅里叶变换红外光谱对壳聚糖吸附染料的机理进行了探讨,研究发现,壳聚糖分子中存在的大量羟基参与了对碱性品红和番红花红的吸附。     

和频光谱研究萃取剂TOPO分子在空气/水界面处的取向行为

采用和频光谱研究了萃取剂TOPO分子在空气/水界面处的取向行为。研究发现,在不同膜压条件下,TOPO分子在水表面排布的有序化程度不同。膜压越大,TOPO分子在水表面的堆积密度越大,其分子碳链的取向越倾向于垂直空气/水界面。研究萃取剂分子在界面的取向行为,可以为理解界面处萃取剂分子与目标待萃取离子的相互作用机理提供思路。     

胰岛素与其受体分子相互作用的ESR的波谱研究

本文首次制备了胰岛素氮氧自由基,研究了胰岛素探针与其受体结合过程中ESR波谱参数的动力学变化.实验表明胰岛素与其受体结合前后,膜蛋白质的构象、胰岛素分子的旋转相关时间(τ_c)和胰岛素氮氧自由基的ESR波谱振幅(h_0)均发生明显的变化,这些变化均与胰岛素-受体的内噬现象有关系.当封闭受体上的巯基、氨基或羟基时,胰岛素与其受体的结合能力便受到一定的阻抑作用.     

羧甲基壳聚糖与铕、铽配合物的合成和配位机理研究

用羧甲基壳聚糖分别与硝酸铕和硝酸铽反应,制备了羧甲基壳聚糖-铕和羧甲基壳聚糖-铽稀土配合物。用红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等分析测试手段对配合物进行表征。对配合物配位机理进行了初步的研究,配合物中羧甲基壳聚糖中不仅羧基参与了配位,氨基上的N原子和羟基氧原子也参与了配位。     

基于荧光光谱的脂质体制备与稳定性的研究

利用L-α-磷脂酰胆碱和胆固醇分子制备脂质体体系,通过监测脂质体内部包裹的对pH变化敏感的荧光指示剂8-羟基芘-1,3,6-三磺酸三钠盐的荧光强度变化实现对脂质体稳定性的表征。研究发现,在脂质体磷脂膜中引入一定比例的胆固醇分子有助于提高脂质体的稳定性(L-α-磷脂酰胆碱∶胆固醇=4∶1)。利用温水浴-液氮多次冻融循环,在强烈外界温差作用条件下,L-α-磷脂酰胆碱和胆固醇形成的贴壁薄膜重组成内外两侧均为亲水头部而疏水尾部均指向脂双层膜内部的稳定脂质体,在10min内稳定性高达99%,9 200s内稳定性依然可以达到92%。基于以上研究成果,我们在脂质体的外部环境中引入K+载体缬氨霉素,结果表明缬氨霉素可以成功的插入至磷脂双分子层膜中并高效运输K+。     

壳聚糖混合膜酶降解的FTIR分析

生物可降解性是壳聚糖的重要性质之一,但利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)研究降解过程中壳聚糖的变化则较少.文章制备了由高脱乙酰度壳聚糖(HDC)和中脱乙酰度壳聚糖(MDC)组成的混合膜.运用FTIR分析了壳聚糖混合膜组分变化对其红外谱图和脱乙酰度(DD)的影响,并研究了该混合膜在溶菌酶的降解作用下红外谱图和脱乙酰度的变化.发现壳聚糖混合膜材料的脱乙酰度与膜中MDC组分的比例呈线性关系;随降解的进行,混合膜的脱乙酰度增加.结果证实了溶菌酶对较低脱乙酰度壳聚糖的选择性降解作用,而且表明FTIR可用于分析壳聚糖混合膜降解过程中的化学变化.     

Microwave-assisted covalent modification of graphene nanosheets with chitosan and its electrorheological characteristics

Biofunctionalization and manipulating of graphene nanosheets (GNS) are important for biomedical research and application. Chitosan (CS) modified graphene nanosheets have been successfully prepared under microwave irradiation in N,N-dimethylformamide medium, which involved the reaction between the carboxyl groups of graphene oxide nanosheets (GONS) and the amido groups of chitosan followed by the reduction of graphene oxide nanosheets into graphene nanosheets using hydrazine hydrate. The as-prepared graphene nanosheets-chitosan (GNS-CS) nanocomposites have been characterized by FTIR, TEM, FESEM, XRD and TG. The results showed that chitosan was covalently grafted onto the surface of graphene nanosheets via amido bonds. Solubility measurements indicated that the resultant nanocomposites dispersed well in aqueous acetic acid. Especially, the electrorheological (ER) properties of the GNS-CS nanocomposites have been investigated. It is believed that this new nanocomposites may be promising for biomedical applications.     

壳聚糖絮凝澄清蛇足石杉提取液的工艺研究

采用正交试验设计法考察了壳聚糖对蛇足石杉提取液的絮凝澄清效果。优选出的最佳工艺条件为:料液比(g/mL)为1:10,pH为5,反应温度50℃,壳聚糖浓度0.5g/L,反应时间60min,搅拌速度100r/min。在此条件下透光率可达81.6%。壳聚糖用于蛇足石杉提取液的絮凝澄清切实可行,并为后续的工艺改进提供了科学依据。     

叶绿素荧光及其在水分胁迫监测中的研究进展

水分胁迫是一种常见的植被胁迫状态,能够减小细胞水势,引起气孔关闭,破坏光合进程。叶绿素荧光是植物光合作用的探针,可以很好的反应植物生理特征,能够快速、灵敏、无损伤和深层次监测水分胁迫状态。由于叶绿素荧光的影响因素较多,使得水分胁迫与叶绿素荧光的关系比较复杂。从光合作用角度阐述了叶绿素荧光的产生原理,分析了叶绿素、叶片结构、冠层结构和环境因子等对叶绿素荧光的影响,总结了叶绿素荧光在水分胁迫监测中的应用;针对叶绿素荧光复杂的生理基础、影响因素及其在水分胁迫监测中的研究进展,提出了一些科学问题和未来的研究方向,为叶绿素荧光的进一步深入研究提供参考,为叶绿素荧光遥感的进一步应用提供理论支持,为陆地生态系统的准确评估提供借鉴。     

Probing the role of hydrolytically stable, 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane crosslinked chitosan/graphene oxide membrane towards Congo red dye adsorption

In this investigation, the practicability of utilizing 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (3-APTES) crosslinked chitosan (Ch)/graphene oxide (GO) membranes were explored for adsorptive removal of anionic dyes from aqueous medium. Membranes were successfully fabricated through solution casting technique. Strong interactions amongst matrix (chitosan), 3-APTES, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and GO were confirmed by Infrared spectroscopy. Thermal stability of the chitosan was improved by adding graphene oxide and results were verified via thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis. Swelling and hydrolytic results confirmed that 2 %-Ch/PVP was a stable membrane while increasing the amount of 3-APTES in the chitosan nanocomposites membrane decreased its stability in aqueous medium. The adsorption characteristics of the membranes were evaluated by the adsorption of Congo red (CR) dye from aqueous medium. The adsorbent can remove 80% of CR from aqueous medium and follows second order kinetics. This study outlines the possibility of exploring green membranes which can be easily fit in various flow systems.     

In situ hybridization to chitosan/magnetite nanocomposite induced by the magnetic field

Chitosan/magnetite nanocomposite was synthesized induced by magnetic field via in situ hybridization in ambient condition. Results of XRD patterns and TEM micrographs indicated that magnetite particles with 10–20 nm were dispersed in chitosan homogeneously. An interesting result is that magnetite nanoparticles were assembled to form chain-like structures under the influence of the external magnetic field, which mimics the magnetite chains inside of magnetotatic bacteria. The saturated magnetization (Ms) of nano-magnetite in chitosan was 50.54 emu/g, which is as high as 54% of bulk magnetite. The remanence (Mr) and coercivity (Hc) were 4 emu/g and14.8 Oe, respectively, which indicated that magnetite nanoparticles were superparamagnetic. The key of route is that a pre-precipitated chitosan hydrogel membrane, used as chemical reactor, which controlled the precipitation of chitosan precipitation and in situ transformation of magnetite from the precursor simultaneously in the magnetic field environment.     

Octaarginine-modified chitosan as a nonviral gene delivery vector: properties and in vitro transfection efficiency

Protein transduction domains (PTD) have been identified to have the capacity to facilitate molecular cargo to translocate through cell membrane. This study aims to utilize the cell membrane penetrating ability of octaarginine oligopeptide, a simplified prototype of the PTD, to enhance the transfection efficiency of chitosan. Octaarginine-modified chitosan (R₈-CS) was synthesized as a gene transfer carrier by carbodiimide chemistry. The structure and composition of R₈-CSs were characterized using FTIR and ¹H NMR. Agarose gel electrophoresis assay showed that R₈-CS could efficiently condense the DNA. The particle size of R₈-CS/DNA complexes were determined to be around 100–200 nm. The nanoparticle complexes exhibited a spherical and compact morphology. R₈-CS demonstrated higher transfection activity and lower cytotoxicity as compared to the unmodified chitosan and also showed good serum resistance.     

Comparative performance study of four nanofiltration membranes in the separation of mercury and chromium

In this paper, four nanofiltration membranes, viz., (1) coating of N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC) on polyethersulfone ultrafiltration (PES UF) substrate membrane; (2) chitosan and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) in the blend ratio of 0:100 (ABS); (3) diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid coating via casting method on PES UF substrate membrane (DC50); and (4) NOCC and cellulose acetate (CA) polymer blend solution (0.4?wt%) coated on a glass plate (NOCC?CCA), were selected from our previous work. By using these membranes, separation behaviour of mercury and chromium ions was studied at different operating conditions from their salt solutions. From the experimental data, it is evident that ABS membrane gave highest observed solute rejection (92.88 and 88.67?% for 10?ppm feed concentration of mercury sulphate?Cwater system and chromium sulphate?Cwater system, respectively) and NOCC?CCA membrane gave highest permeate volume flux. But from the rejection as well as permeate volume flux point of view, NOCC?CPES membrane is considered to be the best choice among all the membranes.     

Mechanically Robust,Electrically Conductive Biocomposite Films Using Antimicrobial Chitosan‐Functionalized Graphenes

An effective way of covalently functionalizing graphene with a chitosan polymer via a nitrene chemistry is demonstrated. The biofunctionalized graphene is prepared by the chemical reduction of graphene oxide using a nitrene chemistry, and then covalently grafting chitosan to the graphene surface. The effectiveness of the biofunctionalized graphene as a reinforcing filler (4 wt%) in a chitosan polymer matrix is verified by the dramatic enhancement of the mechanical properties (breaking stress = 330%, Young's modulus = 243%) and the electrical conductivity (0.3 S m^?1) without much loss in the elongation‐at‐break. The reinforcing effect can be explained by both the homogeneous dispersion of graphene within the matrix and the strong bond arising from the intrinsically intimate contact between the graphene and the matrix. The high antimicrobial activity of the biofunctionalized graphene compared with graphene oxide and chemically reduced graphene may be because of the presence of chitosan polymer on the edges of the graphene. The strong, antimicrobial graphene‐filled composite film can be used for food packaging and for coating various biomedical devices, where bacterial surface colonization is undesirable.     

Investigation on the influence of ultrasonic pretreatment on color,quality and antioxidant attributes of microwave dried Inula viscosa (L.)

Impact of various ultrasound pretreatment and microwave drying parameters on the qualitative and antioxidant characteristics of Inula viscosa (L.) was investigated in this study. The leaves of Inula viscosa (L.) were sonicated for 10, 20, and 30 min in an ultrasonic bath (37 kHz, 150 Watts). Microwave drying was done at three distinct times (1, 3, and 5 min) and with three different microwave power levels (100, 180, and 300 Watts). Microwave dried samples were tested for color characteristics (L*, a*, b*), chlorophyll, carotenoid, total phenol, and antioxidant content. All dried samples were prepared by infusing them in hot water as tea, and the sensorial properties of teas including odor, color, aroma, and overall acceptability were evaluated by panelists. For 10, 20, and 30 min of ultrasound pretreatment, the L* values of leaves varied from 37.70 to 49.76, 34.97 to 46.25, and 27.88 to 43.34, respectively. The total carotenoid concentration ranged from 0.12 to 0.32 mg/g DW, while the total chlorophyll content was from 0.44 to 0.94 mg/g DW. The antioxidant activity of Inula viscosa (L.) leaves that were dried at 300 Watts for 5 min did not change significantly as a result of ultrasound pretreatment. There was a significant positive correlation between aroma and TPC, as well as between color and overall acceptability. The darkest-colored teas were deemed preferable by the panelists.