206At的[πh1/2νi-113/2]10-同质异能态研究

利用能量为60-80MeV的12C束流,通过197Au(12C,3n) 206 At反应研究了206At核的高自旋能级结构. 用7台BGO(AC)HPGe探测器和一台用于探测低能γ射线的平面型HPGe探测器进行了γ射线的激发函数、γ-γ-t符合及γ射线的角分布测量. 基于这些测量,首次建立了包括25条γ跃迁的206At高自旋能级纲图. 确定了一个半寿命为(908±400)ns、自旋和宇称为10-的同质异能态. 基于较重的双奇核 208,210At能级结构的系统性,对206At的10-同质异能态进行了讨论.     

奇—奇核~（114）Pm高自旋同质异能态及其衰变纲图的研究

用高自旋同质异能态次级束流线实验装置，对１４４Ｐｍ的高自旋同质异能态进行了快速分离，并做了γ射线的符合测量．结合γ射线激发函数和各向异性的测量结果，首次建立了奇—奇核１４４Ｐｍ的高自旋同质异能态的衰变纲图，其中１９条高自旋能级和２９条γ射线是由本工作指定的．离子γ射线关联测量确定了１４４Ｐｍ的高自旋同质异能态的半衰期大于２μｓ．通过系统性比较以及变形的独立粒子模型理论计算，指定了高自旋同质异能态的粒子组态可能为，自旋宇称为，并具有形变参数为β＝－０．１８的扁椭球形状．     

~(153)Dy高自旋态的能级结构及缺中子Dy核的形状随中子数与自旋态的变化

通过在束γ谱的实验研究,建立了~(153)Dy的非常高的自旋态的能级图,最高自旋态为81/2.所用核反应为~(122)Sn(~(36)s,5n),束流能量165MeV.在同质异能态(I=47/2)以上,能级结构展示出极端复杂的单粒子跃迁特性.对缺中子Dy核的形状随中子数N及自旋态I变化的系统性进行了讨论.     

奇—奇核114Pm高自旋同质异能态及其衰变纲图的研究

用高自旋同质异能态次级束流线实验装置,对¹⁴⁴Pm的高自旋同质异能态进行了快速分离,并做了γ射线的符合测量.结合γ射线激发函数和各向异性的测量结果,首次建立了奇—奇核¹⁴⁴Pm的高自旋同质异能态的衰变纲图,其中19条高自旋能级和29条γ射线是由本工作指定的.离子γ射线关联测量确定了¹⁴⁴Pm的高自旋同质异能态的半衰期大于2μs.通过系统性比较以及变形的独立粒子模型理论计算,指定了高自旋同质异能态的粒子组态可能为π(1h²_11/2d_5/2)v(1i_13/21h_9/22f_7/2),自旋宇称为J^π=27⁺,并具有形变参数为β=－0.18的扁椭球形状.     

198Bi的高自旋态结构研究

利用能量为85—105MeV的¹⁶O束流,通过¹⁸⁷Re(¹⁶O,5n)反应研究了¹⁹⁸Bi的高自旋态能级结构.用6台BGO(AC)HPGe探测器和一台用于探测低能γ跃迁的平面探测器进行了γ射线的激发函数、γ-γ—t符合及γ射线的角分布测量.基于这些测量,首次建立了包括26条γ跃迁的¹⁹⁸Bi的高自旋能级纲图,确定了一个半寿命为(8.0±3.6)ns,自旋和宇称为15+的同质异能态.基于较重的双奇铋核^200—206Bi能级结构的系统性,定性地对¹⁹⁸Bi的能级结构进行了解释.     

首次测定短寿命缺中子同位素~（153）Er和~（157）Yb的EC／β~＋衰变

利用（１６）Ｏ重离子束轰击（１４２）Ｎｄ和（１４７）Ｓｍ同位素靶分别生成（１５３）Ｅｒ和（１５７）Ｙｂ．借助氦喷嘴带传输系统和Ｘ－γ、γ－γ符合测量方法分离鉴别核素并测量其衰变性质．首次建立了（１５３）Ｅｒ和（１５７）Ｙｂ的ＥＣ／β＋衰变纲图．从中指认出（１５３）Ｈｏ的一个新三（准）粒子态和两个新单粒子态，指认出（１５７）Ｔｍ的一个新的同质异能态和一条新转动带．低位能级系统分析表明：在Ｈｏ和Ｔｍ这两条奇Ａ核的同位素链中基态形状的转变区都在中子数８６和８８之间．     

~(85)Rb(n,2n)~(84)Rb反应中同质异能态截面比

在14.7 MeV中子能量下,测量了~(85)Rb(n,2n)反应同质异能态截面及其比值。实验比值与Vandenbosh-Huizenga方法算出的理论值做了比较,定出了自旋切割因子σ值。     

134Ba核的高激发态能级结构研究

在中国原子能科学研究院H-13串列加速器上, 通过重离子核反应¹³⁰Te(⁹Be,5n)与在束γ谱的实验技术, 对A=130缺中子核区的¹³⁴Ba核的高自旋态进行了研究, 建立了¹³⁴Ba核的新的能级纲图, 最高自旋态扩展到20h. 除验证了以前报道的大部分能级与跃迁外, 将基带的能级扩展到10⁺, 同时发现了基于10⁺同质异能态以上的众多的能级与跃迁. 对实验结果的系统学分析表明, 10⁺同质异能态为yrast陷阱, 起源于两中子组态, 可能具有γ≈－120°的长椭形状, 在其以上的能级表现出很强的单粒子性，具有复杂的结构. 基带中观测到明显的集体回弯现象, 推转壳模型的计算表明, 此集体回弯是由一对中子的顺排所致, TRS计算表明, 随着转动频率的增加, 核的形状发生明显的变化, 基带中在中子顺排后核具有γ≈－60°的扁椭形状.     

143Nd中高自旋同质异能态的识别与研究

利用能量为80MeV的18O束流,通过¹³⁰Te(¹⁸O,5n)反应研究了¹⁴³Nd的高自旋态能级结构.基于γγ延迟符合、γ射线的角分布及线性极化测量,首次发现了¹⁴³Nd的一个半寿命为(35±8)ns,自旋和宇称为49/2⁺的同质异能态.用形变独立粒子模型探讨了此同质异能态的形成机制.     

~(183)W5.2秒同质异能态的一条新跃迁分支

在用14.8MeV中子轰击天然钨样品时,观察到了一条γ射线,其能量为291.7keV,以5.17±0.03秒的半衰期衰变。根据实验事实,我们假设~(183)W的5.2秒同质异能态衰变中除了已知的两条跃迁分支外,还存在11/2~ 11/2[615]→5/2~-3/2[512]态的另一条同质异能(E3)跃迁。计算了这条新跃迁分支的受阻因子,它与K~-禁戒同质异能跃迁的一般经验规则很好相符。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.     

Real-time restoration of rotational blurred image using gradient-loading

The key to the restoration of rotational motion blurred image is how to restore the image under a low cost and to correct the irreversibility of the degradation function matrix.Based on the special qualities of degradation function matrix and precise deduction in space-domain, we present a new approach using gradient-loading for restoration of rotational blurred image.By easily adding a gradient operator, the irreversibility of the original matrix is corrected and can be applied for inverse filtering then.Gradientloading is the optimized approach which combines the advantages of both the approaches using constrained least square filtering and traditional diagonal-loading.Compared with the approach using least square filtering, its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved from 3.18 to 6.46dB, while the computing time is reduced to 1/2-1/3.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, noise-resistibility, robustness, and low complexity of this approach, which make it more suitable for real-time environment.     

All-Optical Logic Device Using Bent Nonlinear Tapered Y-Junction Waveguide Structure

We propose an all-optical logic device made of a bent tapered Y-junction waveguide with a Kerr-type nonlinear interface. It could provide an AND gate, OR gate, and exclusive-OR (XOR) gate. We could obtain different transmission results by adjusting the bending angle. The numerical simulation results show that the device functions as AND, OR, and XOR gates.     

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz imaging by a pyroelectric camera

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz (THz) imaging is demonstrated. A 1.89-THz optically-pumped farinfrared laser is used as the illumination source, and a 124 × 124 element room-temperature pyroelectric camera is adopted as the detector. With this setup, THz images through various wrapping materials are shown. The results show that this imaging system has the potential applications in real-time mail and security inspection.