一种高亮度积分球定标光源的热设计

针对目前光学口径不断增大的空间光学遥感器对实验室辐射定标的要求,设计了一种使用近距离小面源照明方式定标的高亮度积分球光源,并对该光源的光学参数和结构参数进行了详细设计。为了解决高亮度积分球使用时的散热问题,采用水冷的散热方式,设计了专门的散热管路。对该光源循环水流速0.1 m/s下利用有限元分析法热仿真分析,仿真结果表明,溴钨灯光源附近温度维持在125°C左右,积分球出光口温度维持在80°C左右。实验结果表明,溴钨灯光源附近温度维持在125°C左右,积分球出光口温度维持在100°C左右。通过对比分析了积分球出光口温度差异的原因,验证了仿真分析与理论计算的正确性。同时测试了该光源在400~900 nm波段范围内光谱辐亮度为6714 W/(m2·sr)。     

一种高亮度积分球定标光源的热设计EI北大核心CSCD

针对目前光学口径不断增大的空间光学遥感器对实验室辐射定标的要求,设计了一种使用近距离小面源照明方式定标的高亮度积分球光源,并对该光源的光学参数和结构参数进行了详细设计。为了解决高亮度积分球使用时的散热问题,采用水冷的散热方式,设计了专门的散热管路。对该光源循环水流速0.1 m/s下利用有限元分析法热仿真分析,仿真结果表明,溴钨灯光源附近温度维持在125°C左右,积分球出光口温度维持在80°C左右。实验结果表明,溴钨灯光源附近温度维持在125°C左右,积分球出光口温度维持在100°C左右。通过对比分析了积分球出光口温度差异的原因,验证了仿真分析与理论计算的正确性。同时测试了该光源在400~900 nm波段范围内光谱辐亮度为6714 W/（m2·sr）。     

4m直径均匀扩展定标光源

针对目前光学口径不断增大的空间光学遥感器实验室辐射定标的需求,基于近距离扩展源照明方法设计了400～900 nm谱段内最大积分辐射亮度为200 W/(m²·sr)的4 m直径均匀扩展定标光源。该定标光源内径为4 000 mm,出光面直径为1 600 mm。对该定标光源光机结构进行了详细设计,利用光纤光谱仪监视输出的相对光谱分布,CPLD结合单片机实现输出光谱辐亮度值无人值守智能化远程自动控制。使用PR 735光谱辐射计测量该光源400～900 nm谱段内最大积分辐射亮度为222.62 W/(m²·sr),通过对定标光源的稳定性、面均匀性及角度均匀性测试,分析了定标光源的测量不确定度为3.57%。实验结果表明:该定标光源可以满足口径1 600 mm以下可见/近红外空间光学载荷的实验室辐射定标需要,并可实现智能程控化控制,提高了定标测试精度。     

近紫外到近红外光谱辐射计及定标方法研究

为实现目标光谱辐射亮度的高精度测量，研制了一种小视场近紫外到近红外光谱辐射计，光谱范围为300 nm~2 000 nm，光谱辐射亮度测量范围为50μW/cm2·nm·sr~1 000μW/cm2·nm·sr。阐述了近紫外到近红外光谱辐射计设计原理及关键部件，使用基于钨带灯的直接定标法实现了光谱辐射计光谱辐射亮度绝对定标，测量了标准积分球光源的光谱辐射亮度，测量值与积分球光源标准值偏差优于0.5%。     

紫外波段大口径积分球辐射源研制

为了满足航天载荷对大口径、高亮度紫外积分球辐射源的定标需求,采用全新工艺研制了内径为2200 mm、出光口径为800 mm且采用全压制聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)涂层的大型积分球辐射源,聚四氟乙烯涂层厚度为25 mm.积分球内置10 kW卤钨灯光源并外置两台带有电动光阑的总功率为14 kW的氙灯光源,可实现4个量级的大动态范围调节.经测试,该积分球在250 nm处的辐亮度为0.54 μW· cm-2·nm-1·sr-1,在279～400 nm紫外波段处的辐亮度大于1个太阳常数,辐亮度定标扩展不确定度为5.28％.对紫外积分球辐射源的各项性能进行了测试,结果表明,紫外辐射源的面非均匀性在380 nm处为0.65％;在扫描夹角为-20°≤θ≤+20°时,水平和垂直方向上的角非均匀性优于0.49％,±45°方向上的角非均匀性优于0.69％.对光谱反射率对面均匀性及角均匀性的影响开展了研究,研究结果表明,随着光谱反射率的提高,面非均匀性下降0.17个百分点,角非均匀性下降0.15个百分点.对辐射源稳定性、荧光效应及系统热平衡展开了测试研究,所研制的紫外积分球辐射源具有紫外波段(250～400 nm)亮度高、口径大、均匀性好及可靠性高等特点,是理想的大面积郎伯面源,可满足紫外波段航天载荷辐射定标需求.     

可调对比度光学无穷远目标源设计

在光电跟踪测量设备对低对比度目标捕获能力检验中,提出一种利用可调对比度光学无穷远目标源检验的新方法。采用这种方法需建立可调对比度光学无穷远目标源装置,介绍这种装置的设计依据和设计过程。该装置可以模拟天空背景的辐亮度及这个背景下的一个低对比度目标,它利用大、小两个积分球分别模拟背景与目标的辐亮度,利用安装在大积分球上的准直物镜使目标及背景成为无穷远的目标源,在积分球上分别安装内置和外置照明光源,外置照明光源中装有光束准直系统,使卤素灯发出的光束成为平行光后射入积分球内,利用可调光栏控制通光口径的大小,从而控制了进入积分球的光通量,使得背景与目标的辐亮度在色温不变的条件下连续可调,实现目标对比度连续变化,变化范围0~90%,对比度稳定精度优于1%,光谱范围400 nm~800 nm内最大背景辐亮度优于60 W/m2sr。     

星载微光遥感器外场辐射定标光源的研制和检测

LED外场辐射定标积分球光源基于辐射通量等效理论，用于星载微光遥感器的在轨辐射定标。该定标光源采用12组峰值波长670 nm的LED密集阵列发光单元，每组最大电功率300 W，辐亮度输出达到5.2×10?2 W·cm?2·sr?1，通过等效辐射通量面积校正后，能够适用于10?9 W·cm?2·sr?1量级的微光通道在轨定标。光源的参数检测结果表明:定标光源角度均匀性在±30°以内优于99.6%，平面均匀性优于99.7%，1 h内稳定性优于99.9%，具有优良的辐射特性。在敦煌中国遥感卫星辐射校正场对VIIRS微光通道进行了在轨实测试验，在轨响应结果为8.27×10?9 W·cm?2·sr?1（含月光贡献和大气影响），证明了该外场微光定标光源辐射量值设计的合理性。     

积分球光源分布温度对宽波段光学遥感器绝对辐射定标的影响及其校正

实测了积分球输出光谱辐亮度分布曲线,并得到积分球光源的分布温度。从理论上分析了积分球光源分布温度影响宽波段光学遥感器绝对辐射定标精度的原因和机理,并仿真计算了包括积分球和太阳在内的几种不同分布温度光源定标某宽波段光学遥感器时得到的定标系数。仿真结果表明,不同分布温度间的定标系数最大差别大于2%。在此基础上提出了积分球光源分布温度影响绝对辐射定标系数的校正方法,为提高宽波段遥感器的辐射定标精度和遥感图像辐射校正提供了思路和依据。     

高光谱遥感器现场光谱定标精度验证方法研究

鉴于精确的光谱辐射定标精度验证对于高光谱遥感器的现场定标和数据应用非常必要,以SVC光谱辐亮度计为例,利用多波段辐亮度标准传递探测器和新型的光谱可调积分球参考光源,设计了一种高光谱遥感器光谱定标精度的验证方法。该方法利用新型光谱可调积分球参考光源在待测波段内分别输出光谱形状单调上升和单调下降的光谱辐亮度状态,通过光谱匹配技术,即平移改变SVC光谱辐亮度计的波长,分析比对MRSTD和SVC光谱辐亮度计测量辐亮度的相对偏差。比对结果为光谱定标验证精度优于±0.2 nm,辐射定标验证精度小于5%。     

一种新型的红外辐亮度绝对定标方法研究

介绍了一种新型的辐亮度绝对定标的方法原理和实验装置。采用355 nm激光抽运偏硼酸钡(BBO)晶体,产生两个下转换光子波长分别为532.75 nm和1064 nm。利用这对可见-红外下转换相关光子对在时间、空间上的高度相关性,在红外下转换光子方向注入1064 nm待测激光光源,通过测量532.75 nm的下转换光子信号的光子计数,实现1064 nm激光光源辐亮度的绝对定标,并将红外波段的测量转移到了可见光谱区域内。改变待测激光光源的功率,实验结果显示具有较好的线性。实验过程中设置输入光功率为3.39 mW,在对系统的各项损耗和效率进行评估的基础上,测量得到相应的辐亮度大小为4.09×1017W/(m2.sr),相对不确定度为4.78%。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.