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1.
萘磺酸掺杂对纳米管结构聚苯胺低温电阻率的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
通过研究用自组装法制备的萘磺酸掺杂的纳米管结构聚苯胺(苯胺与萘磺酸的摩尔比分别为1∶025,1∶05,1∶1,1∶2,1∶3)的电阻率温度依赖关系(测量温区为80—300K),仔细分析聚苯胺的结构形貌特征,提出了变程跳跃隧道穿透混合模型:认为在萘磺酸掺杂的纳米管结构聚苯胺样品中,跳跃和隧穿两种机制同时起作用,载流子沿纳米管传导是变程跳跃过程起主要作用,而载流子在纳米管之间的传导是隧穿过程起主要作用.实验结果表明,不同浓度的萘磺酸掺杂对样品的低温电阻率的影响很大,随着掺杂浓度增加,载流子传导所需克服的能垒C0迅速减小,当掺杂接近饱和时,C0不再减小.实验中还研究了不同形貌对电阻率的影响,结果表明样品中纳米管所占比例的增大有利于载流子传导 关键词: 聚苯胺 纳米管 低温电阻率  相似文献   

2.
纳米管结构聚苯胺的电阻率和磁化率   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
研究了用自组装法制备的质子酸掺杂的纳米管结构聚苯胺的电阻率(ρ)和磁化率随温度变化的依赖关系,讨论了质子酸掺杂浓度、不同对阴离子以及苯胺单体与质子酸聚合时反应浓度对纳米管结构聚苯胺电学性质的影响.实验结果表明,lnρ和T-1/2呈线性关系,不同对阴离子对聚苯胺的电阻率影响很大,随着质子酸掺杂浓度以及苯胺单体与质子酸聚合时反应浓度的增大,聚苯胺的电阻率明显减小;而且,其磁化率可以表示为与温度无关的泡利顺磁性和符合居里定律的顺磁性之和.  相似文献   

3.
空气中激光等离子体通道导电性能的研究   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15       下载免费PDF全文
超强飞秒激光在大气中传输时,可以形成很长的等离子体通道.对通道电阻率和测量电极与等离子体通道间的接触电阻进行了测量,并对影响等离子体通道电阻率的主要因素进行了研究分析.提出减小等离子体通道电阻的方案. 关键词: 等离子体通道 电阻率 接触电阻  相似文献   

4.
蒲晓庆  吴静  郭强  蔡建臻 《物理学报》2018,67(21):217301-217301
石墨烯材料应用于多种电子器件时不可避免地要与金属电极接触,它们之间的接触电阻直接影响了器件的性能.为了揭示影响金属电极与石墨烯间接触电阻的因素,提出有效地抑制这些影响的措施,本文建立了一种求解接触电阻的物理模型,将载流子的输运分为金属与正下方石墨烯之间、正下方石墨烯与邻近石墨烯之间的两个过程,分别研究各个过程的输运概率;结合金属电极与石墨烯接触对载流子分布的影响分析接触电阻,据此分别探讨了金属电极材料、栅极电压、掺杂浓度、金属与石墨烯原子距离等对接触电阻的影响.为验证理论分析结果的正确性,制作了金与石墨烯接触的实验样品,实验测得的接触电阻与理论分析结果符合.理论分析结果表明,可通过选择与石墨烯功函数接近的金属材料,降低二氧化硅层厚度,增加载流子平均自由程,改进金属材料的表面形态使其更光滑,减小金属与石墨烯耦合长度等方法降低石墨烯与金属电极的接触电阻.  相似文献   

5.
水分子对碳链的输运性质影响的第一性原理研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
周艳红  许英  郑小宏 《物理学报》2007,56(2):1093-1098
用基于密度泛函理论的非平衡格林函数方法研究了水分子对7个碳原子组成的一维原子链的输运性质的影响.碳原子链放在具有有限截面的Al(100)电极中.研究发现,碳原子链上的水分子的数目和放置的位置的不同将对体系输运性质产生很大的影响.特别是,单个H2O分子对碳链平衡电导的影响随其摆放位置的不同而出现奇偶振荡,例如,当位于奇数编号的碳原子上时,电导取极大值,当位于偶数编号的碳原子上时,取极小值.将两个H2O分子置于不同的碳原子正上方时,在不同的位置平衡电导相差很大,在某些特殊的情况下原本受到抑止的第三个本征通道也有较大的贡献.此外,还研究了放置两个水分子时,体系的电流-电压(I-V)特性,随着水分子的数目和放置的位置不同,某些情况可能出现较大幅度的负微分电阻,而在另一些情况下却没有出现. 关键词: 平衡电导 透射谱 负微分电阻  相似文献   

6.
用激光拉曼光谱研究液态乙醇的水合作用过程   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Wu B  Liu Y  Han CQ  Luo XS  Lu J  Ni XW 《光谱学与光谱分析》2011,31(10):2738-2741
为研究室温下乙醇-水二元混合物内部的分子间缔合情形,测得了不同体积配比溶液的拉曼光谱,发现位于2 800~3 050 cm-1波数区间的C—H伸缩振动频率随乙醇中加入水量的增加整体呈现蓝移趋势,而位于1 048 cm-1附近的CO伸缩振动频率的变化规律却与此相反。分析认为,这种现象主要由溶液内部分子间发生的不同水合作用所致,并据此阐明了液态乙醇的水合作用过程:水分子首先与纯乙醇中的自缔合短链发生氢键缔合作用,形成了含有较多乙醇分子数的乙醇水合团簇,直到溶液中水的体积含量达到50%时,乙醇的水合作用达到暂时饱和;而当水的体积含量继续增加到70%以后,水分子致使原有乙醇水合团簇解离形成较小尺寸的团簇,并与解离点位上的乙醇分子羟基发生进一步水合作用;而后,当水体积含量增至一定程度后,还会导致乙醇分子疏水基CH基团与水分子间形成弱氢键C—H…O。  相似文献   

7.
YBa2Cu3O6+x体系中反常的电阻率与载流子浓度关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
样品YBa2Cu2O6+x的载流子浓度通过450℃氮气流中退火来改变,电阻率与载流子浓度的关系由原位电阻测量确定,发现样品的电阻率随退火时间增是增大,这是 氮气氛中退火时间增加导致样品的氧含量减少,然而,当退火达三小时样品的电阻率出现反常,样品的电阻率迅速下降一个量级。  相似文献   

8.
提出了层状结构薄膜太阳能电池器件各层面内和面间载流子传输模型.依据不同电路结构获得薄膜层的面内和面间电阻数据,推演出器件的各层电阻值.实验结果表明:TiO2层的面间电阻为24~40Ω,钙钛矿(PVK)层的面间电阻为2~6Ω;对于薄膜层数较少,例如Glass-PVK-TiO2和Glass-PVK-TiO2掩膜-PVK掩膜的情况,由于接触电阻的弱效应,模型模拟的电阻与实际测量之间的偏差小于11%.  相似文献   

9.
采用2种电阻率的钒掺杂半绝缘6H-SiC晶体制作了横向结构的碳化硅光导开关,分别加载不同的偏压、并使用不同能量的激光触发开展光电导实验。对比实验结果表明:高暗态电阻率的碳化硅光导开关耐压特性远远优于低暗态电阻率的碳化硅光导开关,耐压从4 kV提高到了32 kV;但高暗态电阻率的开关导通电阻也较大,导通电阻为k量级,比低暗态电阻率的碳化硅光导开关的近百增加了1个量级。通过激光脉冲波形与光电流脉冲波形的比较,估算出2种光导开关的载流子寿命和载流子迁移率。将这2个参数与砷化镓光导开关进行比较,推导出低的载流子迁移率是碳化硅开关导通电阻较大的主要原因。在实验和分析的基础上改进设计,研制出了工作电压超过10 kV、工作电流超过90 A的碳化硅光导开关。  相似文献   

10.
咸水含水层是二氧化碳(CO_2)封存的主要地址储体,具有巨大的埋存潜力。当CO_2封存于咸水含水层时,CO_2的注入能耗及注入率在很大程度上取决于CO_2与地下含盐水之间的界面特性。本文应用分子动力学仿真的方法,分析了超临界CO_2和纯水界面系统中的分子间(内)作用力、分子的结构和virial等对界面张力(IFT)的影响。结果表明,分子间范德华力减小IFT,静电力、分子内的键拉伸和角力均增加IFT;水和水分子间的相互作用占主导地位,CO_2和CO_2以及水和CO_2间的作用影响较小;水和CO_2分子在界面处均成规则的有序排布,且CO_2分子平行于界面分布。  相似文献   

11.
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) films were modified with chemical polymerization of conductive polyaniline (PANI) in the presence of potassium dichromate as an oxidizing agent. The effect of aniline concentration on the grafting efficiency and on the electrical surface resistance of PAN and (PAN/PANI)-1-3 composite film was investigated. The surface resistances of the conductive composite films were found to be between 6.32 and 0.97 kΩ/cm. As the amount of grafted PANI increased on the PAN films, the electrical resistance of composite film decreased. The PAN/PANI composite films were also characterized using SEM and FTIR. The changes in the surface properties of the films were characterized by contact angle measurements. As expected, the PAN, PAN/PANI and PAN/PANI-uricase immobilized films, exhibited different contact angle values and surface free energy due to different interactive functional groups of the films.The conductive films were well characterized and used for immobilization of uricase. The amount of adsorbed enzyme increases with the increase of surface concentration of grafted fibrous polyaniline polymer. The maximum amount of immobilized enzyme onto composite film containing 2.4% PANI was about 216 μg/cm2 (i.e., PAN/PANI-3). The immobilized uricase was reused 24 times in batch wise assay in a day. Finally, the immobilized uricase enzyme system was successfully fabricated and applied to determine the uric acid level in human serum samples.  相似文献   

12.
本文通过加入过硫酸铵(APS)引发苯胺和丙烯酸(AA)在水溶液中的协同聚合反应,一步合成出具有中空结构的聚苯胺纳米管. 聚苯胺纳米管的外径平均为180 nm,内径约80 nm,其形成取决于苯胺与丙烯酸的摩尔比(X{ani/AA}). 当X{ani/AA}不超过1时,主要得到聚苯胺纳米管. 在三电极体系中测定了所制备的聚苯胺纳米管的电化学性能. 在1 mol/L H2SO4为电解液,电流密度为0.5 A/g的条件下,聚苯胺纳米管比电容高达436 F/g,是通常聚苯胺纳米片的七倍. 此外,在0.5 A/g的电流密度下进行500次充放电循环后,其比电容能够保持最初始的89.2%,表现出优异的充放电循环稳定性.  相似文献   

13.
The electrical properties of a polymer composite with carbon nanotube additives have been analyzed. The state of the system near the percolation threshold, when charge is transferred along a single percolation path, has been considered. For this state, the current–voltage characteristics of a percolation chain made up of carbon nanotubes have been calculated under the assumption that the contact resistance between neighboring nanotubes is much higher than the intrinsic resistance of the nanotubes. According to recent data, the distance between neighboring (contacting) nanotubes has been assumed to be randomly distributed. It has been shown that, under the given conditions, the current–voltage characteristic is essentially nonlinear. This indicates the nonohmic conductivity of the composites. The dependence of the current–voltage characteristic on the spread of the contact distribution over distances has been discussed.  相似文献   

14.
This paper investigates the properties of displacement sensors based on polyaniline (PANI) films. About 1 wt% of PANI micropowder is mixed and stirred in a solution of 90 wt% water and 10 wt% alcohol at room temperature. The films of PANI are deposited from solution by drop-casting on Ag electrodes,which are preliminary deposited on glass substrates. The thicknesses of the PANI films are in the range of 20 μm-80 μm. A displacement sensor with polyaniline film as an active material is designed and fabricated. The investigations showed that,on average,the AC resistance of the sensor decreases by 2 times and the capacitance accordingly increases by 1.6 times as the displacement changes in the range of 0 mm-0.5 mm. The polyaniline is the only active material of the displacement sensor. The resistance and capacitance of the PANI changes under the pressure of spring and elastic rubber,and this pressure is created by the downward movement of the micrometer.  相似文献   

15.
Iron filled carbon nanotubes have been widely used for numerous applications due to their remarkable magnetic and structural properties. One very important example is the biomedical application, where iron filled multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Fe-MWCNT) can be used in anticancer therapies, acting as local nano-heaters, at the cellular level. Regarding this aim the systematic study of the Fe-MWCNT preparation was required. Therefore, in this contribution a chemical vapour deposition (CVD) process was employed to perform a comparative study on Fe-MWCNT synthesis using two carbon feedstock (cyclohexane and ethanol), and different catalyst mixtures. The homogeneity, filling ratio, and purity of the samples were analysed, and the optimal conditions for the bulk sample preparation were achieved. The samples were characterised concerning their quality, diameter range, number of walls, and amount of iron encapsulated in the nanotubes cavity. The characterisation was performed using Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).  相似文献   

16.
A superhydrophobic polyaniline (PANI) film has been fabricated by using a facile one-step spraying method. The PANI was synthesized via in situ doping polymerization in the presence of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as the dopant. The water contact angle of this superhydrophobic surface reaches to 156°. Both the surface chemical compositions and morphological structures were analyzed. A granular morphology of PANI with a moderate amount of nanofibers was obtained. Moreover, a rapid surface wettability transition between superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity can be observed when it is doped with PFOA and de-doped with base. The mechanism for this tunable wettability has been discussed in detail.  相似文献   

17.
The thermal properties of carbon nanotubes are directly related to their unique structure and small size. Because of these properties, nanotubes may prove to be an ideal material for the study of low-dimensional phonon physics, and for thermal management, both on the macro- and the micro-scale. We have begun to explore the thermal properties of nanotubes by measuring the specific heat and thermal conductivity of bulk SWNT samples. In addition, we have synthesized nanotube-based composite materials and measured their thermal conductivity. The measured specific heat of single-walled nanotubes differs from that of both 2D graphene and 3D graphite, especially at low temperatures, where 1D quantization of the phonon bandstructure is observed. The measured specific heat shows only weak effects of intertube coupling in nanotube bundling, suggesting that this coupling is weaker than expected. The thermal conductivity of nanotubes is large, even in bulk samples: aligned bundles of SWNTs show a thermal conductivity of >200 W/m K at room temperature. A linear K(T) up to approximately 40 K may be due to 1D quantization; measurement of K(T) of samples with different average nanotube diameters supports this interpretation. Nanotube–epoxy blends show significantly enhanced thermal conductivity, showing that nanotube-based composites may be useful not only for their potentially high strength, but also for their potentially high thermal conductivity. Received: 17 October 2001 / Accepted: 3 December 2001 / Published online: 4 March 2002  相似文献   

18.
This study concentrated on producing anticorrosive coating depending on alkyd resin blended with polyaniline-carbon allotropes composites as filler. Polyaniline (PANI) and its composites were produced by doping of PANI with the carbon allotropes (graphene and multi-walled carbon nanotubes) and carbon-oxide allotropes (graphene oxide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes oxide) in different ratios through in situ chemical polymerization. The morphology of PANI and its composites were examined by transmission electron microscope (TEM), which proved that PANI composites appeared as a shell layer in core/shell structure with various overlay thickness depending on the adsorption type for polyaniline. The performance of the prepared coatings in cabinet salt agrees with electrical conductivity values where the best PANI/composite in conductivity value is the most efficient as an anti-corrosive coating.  相似文献   

19.
The effect of the modification of curvilinear carbon nanostructures (nanotubes) on their electrical properties has been studied. The samples were prepared using a special method of synthesis, which excluded the formation of amorphous carbon particles in multiwalled carbon nanotubes and in expanded graphite. Such materials exhibit a quadratic growth in the positive magnetoconductivity in the fields of up to B ~ 1 T, which is not observed in the samples synthesized by usual methods.  相似文献   

20.
Embedding of carbon nanotubes in conducting polymeric matrices for various nanocomposites material is now a popular area. In this article, a concise chemical method has been described for the preparation of homogeneous nanocomposite of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT)/polyaniline (PANI) by electrochemical codeposition. For this we functionalized the MWNTs via the diazotization reaction. This helped to disperse the nanotubes in aniline. The composite films were dispersed Pt by electrodeposition technique. The presence of MWNTs and platinum in the composite films was confirmed by XRD analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Four-point probe investigations revealed that the MWNT/PANI composite films exhibited a good conductivity. Cyclic voltammograms (CV) showed that Pt-modified MWNT/PANI composite films perform higher electrocatalytic activity and better long-term stability than Pt-modified pure PANI film toward formic acid oxidation. The results imply that the MWNT/PANI composite films as a promising support material improves the electrocatalytic activity for formic acid oxidation greatly.  相似文献   

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