固体电解质Rb4Cu16I7Cl13制备及离子导电性研究

液态固体电解质材料的离子电导率低,安全性问题在一定程度上限制了其发展与应用,而固体电解质材料在室温下具有很好的稳定性和高的离子电导率值,具有较好的应用前景.本文采用机械化学球磨法制备固体电解质Rb₄Cu₁₆I₇Cl₁₃粉末,探索制备工艺和球磨参数,对其晶体结构进行解析、观察粉体微观结构、通过交流阻抗谱及等效电路分析得到了离子电导率与活化能、并详细探讨其离子传导性能与晶体结构的关系以及化学成分稳定性进行研究.实验结果表明,在480 rpm转速下球磨6 h时可得到纯的固体电解质Rb₄Cu₁₆I₇Cl₁₃物相.粉体晶粒尺寸分布均匀,均在20 nm-400 nm之间,室温下固体电解质Rb₄Cu₁₆I₇Cl₁₃离子电导率可达到0.213 S/cm且活化能为0.087(9)eV.在真空干燥条件下存放5天和12天后观察了微观形貌和化学稳定性...     

无锂助熔剂B_2O_3对Li_(1.3)Al_(0.3)Ti_(1.7)(PO_4)_3固体电解质离子电导率的影响

采用固相法制备锂离子电池用固体电解质磷酸钛锂铝Li_(1.3)Al_(0.3)Ti_(1.7)(PO_4)_3(LATP),研究了不同烧结温度以及助熔剂对LATP固体电解质离子电导率的影响.采用X射线衍射、能谱分析、扫描电镜和交流阻抗等方法,研究样品的结构特征、元素含量、形貌特征以及离子导电性能.结果表明,在900?C烧结可以获得结构致密、离子电导率较高的纯相LATP陶瓷固体电解质.与添加助熔剂Li BO2的样品进行对比实验发现,采用B_2O_3代替LiBO_2作为助熔剂也可以提高烧结样品的离子电导率,并且电解质的离子电导率随助熔剂添加量的增大,先增大后减小,其中添加质量百分比为2%的B_2O_3的样品具有最高的室温离子电导率,为1.61×10~(-3)S/cm.     

固体离子学概述

固体离子学是研究固体中离子行为及其相关应用的科学。它是在七十年代才兴起的新学科。内容包括快离子导体(又叫固体电解质),混合导体(又称电极材料)和它们的应用。它是物理、化学、材料、器件的交叉学科,因而引起广泛领域的科学家和工程师的兴趣和     

快离子导体的物理研究

快离子导体(也称为超离子导体或固体电解质)是指那些离子电导率接近或超过熔盐(或电解质溶液)的一类固体材料。 近十几年来,人们对快离子导体进行了相当广泛的研究。日前这种研究的兴趣正在进一步增长。快离子导体物理学或固体离子学将成为凝聚态物理学的一个重要分支。 本文概述了快离子导体物理的研究现状。全文包括基本概念、实验测量和理论研究三部分。 基本概念部分的主要内容有:快离子导体的分类,结构条件,亚晶格熔化,动态特征,热力学讨论和模型哈密顿量。 实验测量部分的主要内容有:结构研究,电导率测量,非弹性光散射,核磁共振研究和其它物理性质的临界行为(如比热和声学性质)。 理论研究部分的主要内容有:晶格气体模型,连续随机模型和快离子导体中的相变。     

快离子导体的物理研究

快离子导体(也称为超离子导体或固体电解质)是指那些离子电导率接近或超过熔盐(或电解质溶液)的一类固体材料。 近十几年来,人们对快离子导体进行了相当广泛的研究。日前这种研究的兴趣正在进一步增长。快离子导体物理学或固体离子学将成为凝聚态物理学的一个重要分支。 本文概述了快离子导体物理的研究现状。全文包括基本概念、实验测量和理论研究三部分。 基本概念部分的主要内容有:快离子导体的分类,结构条件,亚晶格熔化,动态特征,热力学讨论和模型哈密顿量。 实验测量部分的主要内容有:结构研究,电导率测量,非弹性光散射,核磁共振研究和其它物理性质的临界行为(如比热和声学性质)。 理论研究部分的主要内容有:晶格气体模型,连续随机模型和快离子导体中的相变。     

固体氧化物燃料电池体系掺杂氧化锆的理论研究:从结构到导电性（英文）

固体氧化物燃料电池是一种将化学能(如H_2和O_2)转化为电能的清洁能源系统,它具有高效、低碳以及燃料适应性广的特点.作为燃料电池的"心脏",电解质决定了整个电池的性能,其中掺杂氧化锆是最为典型的燃料电池电解质材料.氧化钇稳定氧化锆在高温下具有优良的离子电导率,广泛应用在固体燃料电池中.电解质材料的组成和使用温度对电导率的影响在实验和理论上已得到了充分研究.复合氧化物的原子结构的表征是阐明其导电行为的关键,本文综述了氧化钇稳定氧化锆电解质的结构和导电性研究的最新理论进展,比较了研究该材料所采用的不同的理论方法及其相应结果,并总结了各种方法的优缺点.重点介绍了利用随机表面行走-神经网络方法取得的最新成果,这些成果和实验结果相吻合.结果表明,采用机器学习进行原子模拟为理解固体电解质中遇到的复杂物质现象提供了一种经济、高效和准确的方法.     

固体氧化物燃料电池体系掺杂氧化锆的理论研究：从结构到导电性

固体氧化物燃料电池是一种将化学能(如H₂和O₂)转化为电能的清洁能源系统,它具有高效、低碳以及燃料适应性广的特点. 作为燃料电池的“心脏”,电解质决定了整个电池的性能,其中掺杂氧化锆是最为典型的燃料电池电解质材料. 氧化钇稳定氧化锆在高温下具有优良的离子电导率,广泛应用在固体燃料电池中. 电解质材料的组成和使用温度对电导率的影响在实验和理论上已得到了充分研究. 复合氧化物的原子结构的表征是阐明其导电行为的关键,本文综述了氧化钇稳定氧化锆电解质的结构和导电性研究的最新理论进展,比较了研究该材料所采用的不同的理论方法及其相应结果,并总结了各种方法的优缺点. 重点介绍了利用随机表面行走-神经网络方法取得的最新成果,这些成果和实验结果相吻合. 结果表明,采用机器学习进行原子模拟为理解固体电解质中遇到的复杂物质现象提供了一种经济、高效和准确的方法.     

铟与4,5-二羟基-1,3-苯二磺酸配合显色反应热力学摩尔吸光系数

用分光光度法测定了在20.0±0.1℃温度下,以NaClO4为支持电解质的水溶液中,Tiron与高价铟离子形成配合物1∶1显色反应的热力学摩尔吸光系数,考察了a值对摩尔吸光系数与溶液离子强度效应的线性关系的影响,测得a＝6.5时的热力学摩尔吸光系数,其logε°＝3.69.     

电子束离子阱中高价态离子演化过程的数值模拟

讨论了电子束离子阱(EBIT)中决定高价态离子演化过程的主要物理机制.对EBIT中高价态离 子的演化过程进行了详细的数值计算并与实验进行了比较.讨论了EBIT各种不同的运行参数 对平衡时高价态离子相对丰度和温度的影响. 关键词： 电子束离子阱 高价态离子 数值模拟     

快离子导体学术讨论会筹备会在京举行

全国快离子导体学术讨论会筹备会于1979年10月5日至7日在北京举行.参加会议的代表一致认为快离子导体的研究工作是一个蓬勃开展的薪领域.它的出现为固体物理开辟了一个新的分支——固体离子学.它的应用基础研究为传统电化学开辟了新的领域——固体电化学.快离子导体可以取代液体电解质做成高温燃料电池、高能量密度的动力电池和贮能电池,可望在节省能源、防止污染方面发挥重要作用。它还可能做成各种离子器件用在国防、工农业生产和人民生活方面.目前小型固体电池做电源的心脏起搏已经应用.定时器也在家庭电器和军事上开始应用.其他离子器件…     

Lithium-ion transport in inorganic solid state electrolyte

An overview of ion transport in lithium-ion inorganic solid state electrolytes is presented, aimed at exploring and designing better electrolyte materials. Ionic conductivity is one of the most important indices of the performance of inorganic solid state electrolytes. The general definition of solid state electrolytes is presented in terms of their role in a working cell(to convey ions while isolate electrons), and the history of solid electrolyte development is briefly summarized. Ways of using the available theoretical models and experimental methods to characterize lithium-ion transport in solid state electrolytes are systematically introduced. Then the various factors that affect ionic conductivity are itemized, including mainly structural disorder, composite materials and interface effects between a solid electrolyte and an electrode. Finally, strategies for future material systems, for synthesis and characterization methods, and for theory and calculation are proposed, aiming to help accelerate the design and development of new solid electrolytes.     

On Enhancement of the Adsorption-Layer Effect at the Metallic Electrode−Liquid Electrolyte Interface in Specular Neutron Reflectometry Experiments

The possibilities for optimizing the substrate/electrode/electrolyte structure are considered in order to obtain the maximum change in the specular-reflection curves obtained in neutron reflectometry experiments at the electrochemical interfaces between a metallic electrode and liquid electrolyte containing Li⁺ ions during their operation. The characteristic relations between the scattering length densities of the components, for which the reflection curves most fully provide information about the structure of the solid electrolyte interphase layer formed on the electrode surface during the charge–discharge processes, are determined and analyzed.     

Investigation of the electrode/electrolyte interface for the Cu+ ion solid electrolyte N,N′-dimethyl-triethylene diamine-copper(1) bromide

The Cu⁺ ion solid electrolyte 47Cu Br·3(CH₃)₂ C₆H₁₂N₂Br₂ was prepared by hot-pressing and characterised by X-ray analysis and electrical measurements. Novel cell arrangements were used to study the electrochemical behaviour of interfaces between this electrolyte and copper metal and also between this electrolyte and two well known solid solution electrodes (SSEs) for copper, Cu₂Mo₆S_7.59 and Cu_1.8S. The behaviour of the electrolyte/copper interface was correlated with scanning electron microscope (SEM) examinations showing the growth of copper dendrites at the interface. Results from the electrolyte/SSE interfaces showed that there is no interfacial polarisation and that the electrode polarisation is controlled solely by the diffusion of Cu⁺ ions in the SSE. These experiments allowed estimates of the chemical diffusion coefficient for Cu⁺ ions in each material to be made.     

Formation of monoclinic zirconia at the anodic face of tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline solid electrolytes

The stability of yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) materials with and without the addition of alumina has been investigated during charge flow in solid electrolyte cells. A considerable amount of monoclinic zirconia is formed (up to 50–60%) on the anodic side of the solid electrolyte discs during current flow. The thickness of the surface layer in which maximum transformation takes place was determined to be 3–4.5 m. On the cathodic side, the amount of monoclinic zirconia detected was relatively small (< 5%). The amount of monoclinic formed on the anodic side varied with the microstructure of the ceramic and was considerably less in materials free of pores and with uniform grain size distribution. Relaxation experiments indicate that the tetragonal to monoclinic zirconia phase transformation is related to the oxygen evolution reaction and is not due to oxygenion transport within the solid electrolyte. The observed behaviour has been explained in terms of the creation of space charge layers at the electrode/electrolyte interface leading to the saturation of vacancies by oxygen ions and instability of the tetragonal phase in the surface region on the anodic side of the solid electrolyte.     

Effect of liquid crystal ionomer intercalated montmorillonite nanocomposites on PEO/PLA solid polymer electrolytes

A series of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) based on poly (ethylene oxide)/polylactic acid (PEO/PLA) with liquid crystal ionomer (LCI) intercalated montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites (LCI-MMT) has been prepared by solution blending method. The effects of LCI-MMT on the structural, crystallization, thermal, and ionic conductivity properties of solid polymer electrolytes have been analyzed. It is demonstrated that the incorporation of LCI-MMT into the blend suppressed the crystallinity of PEO and increased the crystallinity of PLA. The maximum ionic conductivity is found to be in the range of 1.05?×?10^?5 S/cm for 0.5 wt% LCI-MMT, which is higher than that of the LCI-MMT-free polymer electrolyte (5.36?×?10^?6 S/cm) at room temperature.     

Ionic transport properties of PVdF-HFP-MMT intercalated nanocomposite electrolytes based on ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide

Ionic conductivity and transport properties of polyvinylidenefluoride–co-hexafluoropropylene– montmorillonite intercalated nanocomposite electrolytes based on ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide have been studied for various concentrations of montmorillonite clay. Ionic conductivity of the order of 10^?3?S?cm^?1 at room temperature with thermal stability up to about 235 °C has been obtained for the electrolyte system. The electrolyte system has superior properties at 5 wt% of clay loading with highly amorphous morphology as seen from selected area electron diffraction micrograph. Scanning electron microscope studies show that the electrolyte system has highly porous morphology and the ionic liquid is trapped in the pores. Dielectric properties of the electrolyte system have been studied to investigate the relaxation processes occurring in the system. Variation of real part of dielectric permittivity with frequency shows two relaxation processes occurring in the system, slow at low frequency and fast at high frequency. Kohlrausch exponential parameter has been calculated from modulus formalism, and the values show that the distribution of conductivity relaxation times becomes narrower with increasing clay loading.     

Study of solid electrolyte polarization by a complex admittance method

The polarization behavior of zirconia-yttria solid electrolyte specimens with platinum electrodes has been studied over a temperature range of 400° to 800°C and a wide range of oxygen partial pressures. The complex admittance of these specimens was determined over a frequency range from d.c. to 100kHz. An analysis of these data in the complex admittance plane indicated the presence of three polarizations: (1) an electrode polarization characterized by a double layer capacity and an effective resistance for the overall electrode reaction, O₂(gas) + 2e(platinum) O²⁻ (electrolyte); (2) a capacitive-resistive electrolyte polarization, probably corresponding to a partial blocking of oxygen ions at the electrolyte grain boundaries by an impurity phase there; and (3) a pure ohmic electrolyte polarization.     

Ionic conductivity and battery characteristic studies on PEO+NaClO3 polymer electrolyte

Solid polymer electrolyte films based on poly (ethylene oxide) PEO complexed with NaClO₃ have been prepared by a solution-cast technique. The solvation of Na⁺ ion with PEO is confirmed by XRD and IR studies. Measurements of the a.c. conductivity in the temperature range 308 – 378 K and the transference numbers have been carried out to investigate the charge transport in this polymer electrolyte system. Transport number data show that the charge transport in this polymer electrolyte system is predominantly due to ions. The highest conductivity (2.12.10⁻⁴ S/cm) has been observed for the 70:30 composition. Using the polymer electrolyte solid state electrochemical cells have been fabricated. The various cell parameters are evaluated and reported.     

高价离子对层状结构阴极的插入研究

研究了高价Mg²⁺,Zn²⁺等离子对层状结构阴极如V₂O₅,MoS₂,等的固态电化学插入。用X射线衍射(XRD),电子探针微区分析(EMP),电子自旋共振(ESR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等物理方法研究了相应高价离子对层状阴极插入引起的相变及其插入化合物,对高价离子的插入机理进行了探讨。 关键词：     

Direct evidence for conduction pathways in a solid electrolyte

The emission of silver ions from the apex of an amorphous electrolyte tip has been investigated by field ion microscopy. The ion emission patterns show discrete nanometer-sized spots. We present evidence that they represent the termination of bulk ion conduction pathways at the solid-vacuum interface. The analysis of the signals from individual emission sites suggests the existence of a network of such pathways in the solid. Auto- and cross-correlation measurements of the currents from individual sites provide quantitative information on the microscopic dynamics of charge transport in solid electrolytes as well as on the lateral extent of the pathway network.