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应用直条衍射理论,通过对人的发丝线径分布及横截面形状进行实验研究,得到发丝线径分布均匀、且发丝横截面具有规则几何形状这一符合实际的结论。这是用衍射原理测量微小的一种简单、有效的方法。 相似文献
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汽车锁扣是保证汽车安全运行的重要部件,针对传统方法测量锁扣铆点不稳定、精度低的缺点,提出了一种基于机器视觉的检测方法;首先进行相机标定,通过预处理消除拍摄影响,接着提取锁扣的几何特征以建立测量坐标系,并对其进行仿射变换以消除图像几何失真;然后标定铆点所在区域,设置ROI(regions of interest)使铆点从检测背景中分离出来成为一个独立的图像单元,对其进行梯度锐化以增强图像边缘,并依据ROI自身特点对传统锐化方法进行了改进;最后,采用随机Hough变换分别提取改进前后图像铆点的轮廓,测量铆点直径并进行对比;实验表明,改进后图像铆点直径的测量值更加准确,精度达到0.035 mm,满足检测要求。该方法适用于铆点在线高精度检测,具有重要的应用价值。 相似文献
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采用脉冲衰减法可以测量生物组织热导率。但是,Chen等人提出的脉冲衰减法采用了“点热源”假设,而实际测量时,探头有一定的几何尺寸,由此造成了测量时的模型误差。本文采用数值实验的方法对这一误差及其影响因素进行了分析。在此基础上,提出了一种考虑了探头尺寸影响的新的脉冲衰减法,推导出了其测量公式。采用已知热导率的工质进行了验证试验,实验测量结果证实了本文对原有测量方法误差的分析;同时也表明,采用本文提出方法可以将测量误差减小到5%以下。 相似文献
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利用差分吸收光谱法(DOAS)可以实现污染气体的在线监测。为了提高监测精度,通常利用傅里叶变换滤波法(FFT)处理差分吸收光谱数据,但是因其频率分辨率的限制,影响其幅值精度,导致气体浓度的测量误差较大。提出了一种将FFT和FT相结合的差分光谱数据处理方法(FFT+FT),首先对差分吸收光谱数据做FFT变换,得到其全景谱,再对峰值点附近的频谱用改进的连续FT进行细化,提高特征吸收频段的分辨率,对幅值误差进行补偿,从而提高气体浓度在线监测的精度。实验配制了不同浓度的SO2和NO2气体,当细化倍数为15时,SO2和NO2气体的最大测量误差不超过3.68%和3.17%,相对于FFT法,平均误差分别降低了1.82%和1.45%;相对于传统的多项式拟合法,平均误差分别降低了14.9%和1.80%;对恒定浓度的SO2和NO2气体分别进行了多次测量,验证了FFT+FT方法的稳定性。分析了细化倍数对测量精度的影响,当细化倍数小于15时,浓度测量误差随着细化倍数的增加而降低;当细化倍数从15增加到20时,误差反而逐渐变大,在大于20以后,误差出现波动,且都大于细化倍数为15时的测量误差。由于细化倍数太大,使谱线过于密集,找到频谱序列最大值的概率降低了,因此在有噪声的情况下采用该法进行频谱校正时,会出现细化倍数加大而测量精度反而降低的现象。确定了最优细化倍数,在确保测量精度前提下,使频谱细化的计算量最小,满足DOAS法实时在线监测气体浓度的要求。 相似文献
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基于光学三维形貌数字重建的不规则表面的参数测量 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对不规则形状物体表面参数测量困难的问题,提出了一种利用光学三维形貌数字重建技术来获取待测物体表面三维数字信息的方法。首先利用傅里叶变换得到反映三维物体表面高度的相位数据,在计算机中重建三维待测物体,然后再利用Matlab软件编写面向用户的人机交互界面,通过计算机鼠标指定待测量的表面区域,最后运用Matlab软件对鼠标所指定区域的三维数字信息进行处理,根据几何关系计算出指定区域的表面积、两点间的曲线长度等参数,实现人机交互式的非接触测量。 相似文献
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形位误差的测量不确定度评定是目前测量领域研究的热点;但由于其测量的复杂性和测量结果评定的多样性,导致在实际测量结果中形位误差测量的不确定度评定成了难题;为此,根据形状误差评定准则,选取最小二乘法建立数学模型,确定形状误差数学模型中各参数值的传递系数和单点不确定度,并分析具体的测量方法和测量过程中的不确定度来源,根据传统的GUM法对其进行不确定度评定;然后采用蒙特卡罗伪随机数的方法来模拟实际测量数据,从而得到平面度误差的不确定度;通过设置实验对比,验证了蒙特卡罗法评定平面度不确定度的可靠性和准确性;该方法不需要求出数学模型中的传递系数,利用MATLAB软件很容易实现,为平面度误差测量结果不确定度评定提供了更加简便的方法,值得推广和应用。 相似文献
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双曝光全息干涉法用于风洞中激波流场的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文论述了双曝光全息干涉法在激波流场研究中的应用.对于形状不规则模型在超音速风洞中产生的激波流场,由于对这种流场进行数值计算几乎不可能,从实验上对其进行定量测量就显得尤为重要.本文很好地解决了某种不规则模型超音速激波流场的定量测量问题,获得了激波流场的有限条纹全息干涉图,并利用图象处理技术对干涉图进行了细化处理,再用人机交互的方式采集数据计算出条纹的位移量,最后用拉普拉斯变换法计算出流场的密度分布值. 相似文献
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准确地测量含有广角耦合物镜的图像显示系统的几何畸变是实现图像显示系统几何畸变数字校正的前提和关键。提出了一种以非量测广角数码相机为测量设备的几何畸变的测量方法,首先给出了广角数码相机镜头畸变的标定方法,确定了数码相机镜头畸变系数,然后讨论了基于广角数码相机和Photoshop软件进行图像显示系统几何畸变测量的测量方法,分析了影响测量精度的因素。最后,将本文的测量结果与基于点物成像原理,采用单轴转台和普通数码相机进行测量的测量结果进行了对比,二者吻合得较好。从测量结果看,本文给出的测量方法,其测量精度可以满足工程要求,简单、易行。 相似文献
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自适应网格技术能够对复杂几何形状的流场以及大变形问题进行数值模拟,特别是能够很好地捕捉几何尺度较小、物理量空间变化梯度大的强间断,如激波。该方法在初始网格基础上根据物形特点或流场特点在局部区域内不断进行网格细化,实现精度符合要求、分布合理且经济有效的一种网格技术。 相似文献
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Shape measurement is a significant application of digital image correlation (DIC). An improved method that combines a rotatable plane mirror is proposed to measure the shape of an immovable object. In this method, two images, one before and the other after rotating the plane mirror, are obtained and then in-plane translation which related to the shape of the detected object can be calculated by the use of two-dimensional digital image correlation (2D DIC). The relationship between the in-plane translation and the shape of the object is described. Experimental results show that the proposed method is feasible for shape and distance measurement with high accuracy. 相似文献
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In this paper, a non-contact and high-precision method based on the processing of a digital image is presented to measure the diameter of a shaft. The method mainly involves three steps: first, the camera is calibrated by an improved approach, which only uses the feature points in the measurement area of the image to optimise the local camera model; second, with the help of the parameters of the model in the first step, a measurement method for determining the shaft diameter is proposed; finally, to embody the spatial attitude of the shaft accurately, the extrinsic parameters are re-calibrated by measuring a shaft whose diameter is known, and then the precision of measurement is improved by means of the new extrinsic parameters. The experimental data demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits high precision, with relative errors of approximately 0.005 mm. 相似文献
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本文论述了一种判读胶片点阵信息的新技术.CCD点阵信息判读技术采用面阵CCD实时采集点阵图象,并结合数字图系处理技术,使点阵判读达到了通用性强、误码率低、处理速度高的水平,同时系统结构简单、成本低.本文在分析CCD图象处理系统原理的基础上,重点讲述了点阵图象的处理方法. 相似文献
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Curl is a quality problem that makes paper less suitable for printing. A paper sheet that has structural variations in its thickness such as gradients of fibre orientation, density and filler content, will curl and hence assume a cylindrical shape when its humidity content is changed. We propose a method to measure curl that can be used for automated analysis of the paper quality. The shape of the curled paper is measured using a stereoscopic camera system, which is capable of viewing a random pattern that is projected onto the specimen. The shape of the object is found by calculating the perspective difference in the camera set-up using digital image correlation. The quality parameters that are searched for are the magnitude of curl, which is defined as the inverse of the radius of curvature and the orientation of the curled paper. These parameters are estimated by performing a least-squares fit of a cylindrical shape to the three-dimensional measurement data. The least-squares model is non-linear and an iterative technique based on the Gauss–Newton algorithm is used. 相似文献
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Moiré topography method is a well-known non-contacting 3-D measurement method. Recently, the automatic 3-D measurement technique by moiré topography has been developed in order to apply to the engineering and medical fields. The projection moiré topography is very attractive because of its high measuring speed and high sensitivity. In this paper, using the two-wavelength methods of projection moiré topography was investigated to measure the 3-D shape of an object with 2π-ambiguity problems. Rapid measurement can be accomplished by the synchronization between CCD camera and projector. The experimental results prove that the proposed scheme is capable of finding absolute fringe orders, so that the 2π-ambiguity problems can be effectively overcome so as to treat large step discontinuities in measured objects. 相似文献