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基于等效密度流体近似反射模型反演海底参数 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了获取海底沉积物的物理和地声特性,根据等效密度流体近似反射模型得到的不同掠射角下的海底反射损失,利用差分进化算法和粒子群算法相结合的两级混合优化算法以及Bayesian反演方法对海底沉积物的孔隙度、平均颗粒粒度、颗粒质量密度以及颗粒体积弹性模量进行反演,再根据这4个物理参数的估计值进一步计算出海底地声参数,包括声速和衰减。通过反演结果与仿真真值的比较可以看出,除颗粒体积弹性模量外,得到的估计结果是令人满意的,特别是这种间接反演海底地声参数的方法对地声参数的估计具有较高的精确性和较强的稳健性,相对误差分别为0.092%和17%。最后,对实验室水池池底沙质沉积物的反射损失数据进行处理,给出了沙质沉积物各参数的估计值、不确定性和相关性,并通过反演结果与部分实测参数值的比较验证了反演方法的可行性。 相似文献
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海底沉积物上的声反射 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
本文将海底沉积物视为一种紧密的湿颗粒介质。声波在其中传播时将出现两个膨胀波和一个旋转波。考虑到这些特征,再假设海水与沉积物的界面是平的,导出了平面声波在其上的反射系数的表达式。文中就松散颗粒介质的情况对反射系数进行了简化,得出了前人用唯象理论所获得的结果。文末将理论与实验结果进行了比较,两者的一致性较好。 相似文献
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由于有机物质分解等原因,实际的海底沉积物中存在气泡,气泡的存在会显著影响沉积物低频段的声学特性,因此研究气泡对沉积物低频段声速的影响机理具有重要意义.考虑到外场环境的不可控性,在室内水池中搭建了大尺度含气非饱和沙质沉积物声学特性获取平台,在有界空间中应用多水听器反演方法首次获取了含气非饱和沙质沉积物300—3000 Hz频段内的声速数据(79—142 m/s),并同时利用双水听器法获取了同一频段的数据(112—121 m/s).在声波频率远低于沉积物中最大气泡的共振频率时,根据等效介质理论,将孔隙水和气泡等效为一种均匀流体,改进了水饱和等效密度流体近似模型.模型揭示了气泡对沉积物低频段声学特性的影响规律,理论上解释了沉积物中声速的降低.通过分析模型预报声速对模型参数的敏感性,根据测量得到的声速分布反演得到了沉积物不同区域的气泡体积分数,气泡体积分数从1.07%变化到2.81%.改进的模型为沉积物中气泡体积分数估计提供了一种新方法. 相似文献
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海底沉积物因组成结构复杂导致声学特性复杂多样,多种理论解释模型存在参数较多且各具适用性现象·通过运用体积平均和等效参数的方法对海底沉积物声波传播机理进行研究,提出一种少参数的海底沉积物与底层海水的压缩波声速比通用模型(General Model of Sound Speed Ratio,GMSSR).GMSSR模型包含弹性结构分布因子、孔隙度、等效密度比、等效弹性模量比4个物理特性参数。分析海底沉积物两相介质结构的串联和并联两种极限情况分析,基于弹性结构分布因子和串并联结构的体积平均分布建立一般情况下海底沉积物的等效弹性模量表达式·应用GMSSR合理地分析各海域测量的海底沉积物声速比经验模型的共性和解释南海实测数据分散的范围,表明:(1)表层海底沉积物主要是以串联结构为主,接近于悬浮液状态或者体积分量很少的并联堆积状态;(2)等效弹性模量比的影响因素大于等效密度比,结构变化往往通过影响弹性结构分布因子而影响等效弹性模量比,从而引起声速比的变化;(3)不同研究海域的声速比-孔隙度经验关系具有相似性,可以通过GMSSR模型分析得出;(4)基于弹性结构分布因子的差异,可以合理解释南海海域测量表层海底沉积物声速比较大的分散性。 相似文献
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在三体模型的基础上,采用汤川作用势,进行变分计算,进一步研究了晕核11Li,14Be和17B的基态性质,给出了晕中子密度分布的一个解析表达式.理论计算结果与最新的实验数据一致. 相似文献
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在三体模型的基础上,采用汤川作用势,进行变分计算,进一步研究了晕核11Li,14Be和17B的基态性质,给出了晕中子密度分布的一个解析表达式.理论计算结果与最新的实验数据一致. 相似文献
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采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,研究了Si原子在TiAl3中的格点取代行为.通过对不同原子被置换后的c/a值、形成能以及电子态密度的计算和比较,发现Si原子倾向于取代TiAl3中的Al原子,其取代行为主要由系统的电子结构决定,计算结果与实验相符.为了进一步研究Si原子的取代行为,对Si原子占据的格点以松散或紧凑分布下体系的总能、形成能以及电子态密度进行了计算,结果表明Si原子倾向于取代TiAl3中松散分布的Al(2)原子.对c/a值的计算表明,随Al(2)格点Si原子浓度的增加,c/a值逐渐增大;而当Si取代Al(1)格点时,c/a值随Si原子浓度的增加而减小.研究表明,Si在TiAl3中的极限固溶度介于12.5at%-18.75at%之间. 相似文献
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Difference frequency acoustic wave from nonlinear interaction of two primary acoustic waves at frequencies of 76 and 114 kHz was utilized with a parametric acoustic array theory to estimate the nonlinearity parameter of water-saturated sandy sediment. Such nonlinearity parameter can be used as background information for the nonlinear acoustic investigation of bottom or sub-bottom profiling in the ocean sandy sediments. Because of its lower attenuation the difference frequency acoustic wave method can be usefully applied to estimate the nonlinearity parameter of ocean sediment in the ocean as well as under laboratory conditions. The nonlinearity parameter β for the water-saturated sandy sediment used as a reference in this study was estimated as β = 80.5 ± 5.1 at the difference frequency of 38 kHz. It was agreed very well with that estimated at the difference frequency of 67 kHz, when two primary frequencies were 137 and 204 kHz. The estimated nonlinearity parameter of water-saturated sandy sediment in this study was also compared and analyzed with those estimated in previously published literatures. It was suggested that the difference frequency wave method used to estimate the nonlinearity parameter of water-saturated sandy sediment can be employed as a good method to estimate the nonlinearity parameters of fluid-like granular media. 相似文献
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Experimental study on subharmonic and ultraharmonic acoustic waves in water-saturated sandy sediment
Experimental observations of the subharmonic and ultraharmonic acoustic waves in water-saturated sandy sediment are reported in this paper. Acoustic pressures of both nonlinear acoustic waves strongly depend on the driving acoustic pressure at a transducer. The first ultraharmonic wave reaches a saturation value as the driving acoustic pressure increases. The acoustic pressure levels of both nonlinear acoustic waves exhibit some fluctuations in comparison with that of the primary acoustic wave as the receiving distance of hydrophone increases in sediment. The subharmonic and the ultraharmonic phenomena in this study show close resemblance to those produced in bubbly water. 相似文献
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ZHU HongWei WANG DaoZeng CHENG PengDa FAN JingYu ZHONG BaoChang 《中国科学:物理学 力学 天文学(英文版)》2015,(2):75-82
Particle size, porosity, and the initial phosphorus concentration in sediments are the main factors affecting phosphorus release flux through the sediment-water interface. Sediments can be physically divided to muddy and sandy matters, and the adsorption-desorption capacity of sediment with phosphorus depends on particle size. According to phosphorus adsorption-desorption experiments, phosphorus sorption capacity of the sediment decreases with the increase of particle dimension. But among the size-similar particles, sediment with a bigger particle size has the larger initial phosphorus release rate. In terms of muddy and sandy sediments, there are inversely proportional relationships between the release rate and the flux. Due to the contact of surface sediment and the overlying water, the release flux from the sediment is either from direct desorption of surface sediment layer or from the diffusion of pore water in the sediment layer, which is mainly determined by sediment particle size and porosity. Generally, static phosphorus release process may include two stages: the first is the initial release. As for coarse particles, phosphorus is desorbed from surface sediment. And for fine particles, phosphorus concentration in water often decreases, mainly from pore water by the molecular diffusion. During the second stage, pore water flows faster in coarse sediment, and phosphorus is easy to desorb from the surface of the particles as diffusion dominates. For the smaller liquid-solid ratio of fine particles and the larger amount of phosphorus adsorption, the release flux from pore water due to diffusion is very small with longer sorption duration. 相似文献
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Dediu SM Siegmann WL Carey WM 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2007,122(2):EL23-EL28
Experiments have been conducted near the site of AMCOR Borehole 6010 on the New Jersey Shelf to evaluate propagation predictability in sandy shallow-water environments. The influence of a nonlinear frequency dependence of the sediment volume attenuation in the uppermost sediment layer at this location is examined. Previously it was determined that a frequency power-law exponent of 1.5 was required for the best modeling of experimental results over the band 50-1000 Hz. The approach here references the attenuation to an accepted value at 1 kHz and makes extensive comparisons between measurements and calculations, to determine a power-law exponent of 1.85+/-0.15. 相似文献
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Power spectra of density variability for sandy sediments offshore Panama City, Florida, are estimated and modeled using digital x-ray computed tomography images of sediment structure. Spectral analysis reveals that while shell pieces and mud mixtures are the main contributors to density variability at large scales, intrinsic density variability associated with sand grain contacts dominates at small scales. The power spectrum of sandy sediments is modeled by an analytic form that consists of two power-law components, one associated with the shell and mud contributions and the other with the intrinsic density variability of sand. The dominant term has a much higher power-law exponent than previously reported. Implications for the scattering of high-frequency sound in sandy sediments are discussed. 相似文献
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N. I. Pushkina 《Physics of Wave Phenomena》2012,20(3):204-207
Nonlinear interaction of three acoustic waves in a sandy sediment is studied in the frequency range where there is a considerable wave velocity dispersion. The possibility of an experimental observation of the generation of a sound wave by two pump waves propagating at an angle to each other is estimated. 相似文献
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The effect of temperature on sound velocity, absorption, and reflection coefficient in the seabed sediment layer is investigated. Experimental measurements of sound speed, absorption, and the reflection coefficient in a sandy sediment layer have been carried out at several temperatures. An absorption reduction of 75 dB/m and a velocity increase of 65 m/s have been measured at a frequency of 1 MHz when the temperature increases from 5 to 25 degrees C. Because of the absorption temperature dependence the amplitude of the reflected wave from the back surface of the sub-bottom layer after going back and forth across the layer increases with the temperature. 相似文献
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基于张红武的“紊流涡团模式”和采用高精度的流速垂向分布表达式,建立起高含沙水流的紊动粘性系数计算公式。应用此公式计算泥沙连续性方程中的泥沙扩散系数,得到了与测试资料相符合的含沙量垂线分布规律;进一步,将建立起的紊动粘性系数计算公式应用于黄河下游平面二维泥沙数学模型中,以封闭水沙控制方程,并选择1982年洪水和花园口至夹河滩河段开展数值仿真,计算出的洪水流量过程、水位过程及主流线等与实测资料基本一致。应用结果表明本研究中所建立的紊动粘性系数计算公式可用于高含沙水流的理论分析和模拟计算中。 相似文献
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Simpson HJ Houston BH Liskey SW Frank PA Berdoz AR Kraus LA Frederickson CK Stanic S 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2003,114(3):1281-1290
Acoustic bottom penetration experiments were carried out in a medium-grain sandy bottom at a site in St. Andrews Bay, Florida. These investigations used a new buried, vertical, one-dimensional synthetic array system where a small hydrophone was water-jetted into the sediment to a depth of approximately 2 m. Once buried, this hydrophone was mounted to a vertical robotics stage that translated the hydrophone upward in 1-cm increments. A broadband (3 to 80 kHz) spherical source, positioned 50 cm above the sediment-water interface, was used to insonify the sediment. Measurements were made with insonification angles above and below the critical angle by changing the horizontal distance of the source relative to the insertion point. This new measurement system is detailed, and results are presented that include temporal, frequency, and wavenumber analysis for natural and roughened interfaces. The measured compressional sound speed and attenuation are shown to be self-consistent using the Kramers-Kronig relation. Furthermore, only a single fast compressional wave was observed. There was no observation of a second slower compressional wave as predicted by some applications of the Biot model to unconsolidated water-saturated porous media. 相似文献