运用辩证法指导物理教学

在全面贯彻党的教育方针，坚持以人为本，德育为先，实施素质教育的改革进程中，作为一名物理教师如何更新教育观念，树立新的教育观，在教学实践中为学生终身学习，终身发展打下基础．围绕这一目标进行了多方面探索．物理教材中每一个概念，每一条规律都包含着辩证唯物主义的因素，在讲解物理内容时，力求用辩证的观点去分析归纳总结，     

化学势依赖于系统内的所有物质

在热力学中，关于多元系的化学势的变量集，有互不一致的两种结论.一种结论认为，某种物质的化学势，仅仅依赖于其它物质的存在，另外一种认为，不仅依赖于其它物质，也依赖于自己.本文通过详细的分析论证了，一般而言，化学势依赖于系统内的所有物质.     

有关力学谱和内耗工作的综合与回顾

本文广泛地收集了有关内耗，力学谱，超声衰减方面的专著及会议文集。反映了20世纪在此领域的英文，俄文出版的书籍。也列出了历次国际会议及前苏联，乌克兰，中国的国内会议。文中包括了点缺陷，电，声子，位错，晶界，电畴等诸方面在内的内耗与力学谱工作。     

超声射流冷却PH2自由基的激光诱导荧光谱

在４９０－５００ｎｍ波长范围内观测了超声射流冷却ＰＨ２自由基的激光诱导荧光激发谱，得到了在转动Ｋ的情况下ＰＨ２Ａ＾２Ａ１←Ｘ２Ｂ１适中（０，０，０）←（０，０，０），（０，１，０）←（０，０，０）和（０，２，０）←（０，０，０）三个振动谱带的转动分辨光谱，对这三个谱带中的约２２０条转动谱线进行了归属，其中５２条谱线是我们新标识的。从转动结构，我们获得了气相ＰＨ２自由基的全部分子常数，其中εｂｂ，ε     

学生学业成绩评价多元化的实践研究

学生的学业成绩，正常是通过平时作业、期中考斌、期末考试决定的．由于考试内容的随机性、片面性，学生发挥的偶然性，一两次的考试不能完全反映学生的智力素质、思维能力的差异，还会诱导学生过分关注那些考试内容，从而使思维僵化，知识面狭窄，大大限制了思维的发展，这些很大程度上是由评价体系造成的．因此我们应该利用评价手段，引导学生全面发展，激发学生自觉训练自己的创造思维，从而提高综合能力．     

聚心火焰在共振腔作用下引发爆轰的数值研究

 基于带化学反应的二维轴对称Euler方程，利用带有Superbee限制函数的波传播算法，对共振腔中的氢气-空气预混气的聚心燃烧进行了数值模拟，讨论了共振腔不同抛物面对起爆的影响。数值结果表明，在开始阶段，燃烧诱导的激波在轴心、火焰和固壁的反射，使火焰失稳，随后共振腔中的抛物壁面上产生一定频率和强度的反射激波，不断穿越火焰，使火焰进一步失稳，加剧了燃烧速度，最终导致爆轰的形成。同时，火焰在与激波的作用过程中，形状扭曲变形，呈封闭端小敞口端大的扁平头部蘑菇云。共振腔抛物面的不同形状引起激波聚焦位置的变化，会影响激波和火焰的相互作用，使起爆提前或推迟，甚至不起爆。     

朗道（Landau，Lev Davidovich，1908-1968）俄国物理学家（Physicist，Russia）

朗道的父亲是犹太人，石油工程师，母亲是医生。他19岁在列宁格勒大学获得博士学位。其后，他在哈尔科大大学任教授。接着，他出国研究，曾访问过玻恩，还听过海森堡聃的讲学。然后，在哥本哈根度过了若干年，随后又转到剑桥大学师从卢瑟福舭。学习。1935年，他开创了磁畴的数学研究方法，磁畴是指铁类物质中所有原子磁矩的取向都一致的微小区域。1938年，他在苏联的肃反运动中被当作德国间谍逮捕，只是因为卡皮察的亲自干预才得以释放。     

国际声化学界创办《超声声化学》杂志

自1986年4月英国皇家化学学会（RSC）举办第一届国际声地学学术会议以来，声化学的研究和应用日新月异，发表的论文数和问世的专用器材不断增长．为了促进这一新兴交叉学科的发展，及时交流声化学研究与开发信息，在颇具影响的《超声学（Ultrasonics）》杂志基础上，英国Butterwortb－Heinemann出版公司不久前宣布，另辟新刊。超声声化学（UltrasonicsSo－nochemistry）》（ISSN1350－4177），每年出版两期，世界各地发行．滚刊征稿的范围为：功率超声，空化，声致电化学，声致发光，力化学和表面之间相互作用，生物化学和生物医学，物…     

大气闪烁对自适应光学校正的影响

 激光在大气湍流中长距离近水平传输时，闪烁加强，限制了常规自适应光学的校正能力。数值研究了大气闪烁对自适应光学校正的影响，拟合得到了在Fresnel数一定时，Strehl比与Rytov方差的表达式，以及Rytov方差一定时，Strehl比与Fresnel数的表达式。结果表明，在Rytov方差较小时，纯相位校正Ｓtrehl比只与Rytov方差有关；随着Rytov方差的增加，Strehl比不仅与Rytov方差有关，还与Fresnel数有关，Fresnel数越大，校正Strehl比越大；大发射和接收孔径有利于提高校正Strehl比；在一定的Rytov方差下，Stregl比随Fresnel数增大而增加，逐步趋于饱和，达到纯相位校正的极限。     

1,1,2,2—四氯乙烷的均方根振幅,垂直振幅和离心畸变的计算

气相电子衍射和转动光谱法是测定气相分子结构的主要实验方法，而上述两种方法所获得的原子间距的定义往往是不同的，在ＧＥＤ方法中，计算分子的电子散射强度用ｒａ型原子间距，由于分析振动的影响，一般都采用热平均原子间距ｒａ，ｒａ和ｒａ之间转，可通过计算均方根振幅、垂直振幅（Ｋ）和离心畸变得到，本文以１，１，２，２－四氯乙烷为例来阐明１、Ｋ、δｒ的计算，并与文献［２］的实验结果比较，得到很好的一致。因此，本文     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

Investigation on characteristics of self-organization in Mach-Zehnder erbium-doped fiber laser cavity

The characteristics of coherent coupling in Mach-Zehnder erbium-doped fiber laser cavity are experimentally studied. By virtue of a seemly controlling of length difference between two interferometric arms, the obtained comb-like spectrum of interferometer resonator with a period of 0.06 nm commendably agrees with the theory of self-organization coherence. The coherent output exits from the output mirror of a fiber Bragg grating with 4.5% reflectivity. A high coherent combining efficiency of 94% is obtained. Investigation on characteristics of the leak power opens out self-organization mechanism in Mach-Zehnder composite cavity.     

Experimental study on SC RF cavities by using China large grain niobium for ILC

Large grain niobium has the potential of simplifying the production sequence and consequently reducing the cost of the superconducting RF cavities for ILC.To investigate the feasibility of fabrication and the possibility to achieve high gradient by large grain cavities,two 1.3 GHz cavities were made of China large grain niobium and a series of vertical tests were carried out following several different surfaces treatment procedures.Two cavities have both reached the high gradient of more than 43 MV/m repeatedly and the maximum accelerating field of 47.9 MV/m has been achieved by China large grain niobium.This paper introduces the features of the fabrication and surface treatments on the large grain cavities and presents the preliminary results of the research.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

The width of the rotational contour of vibrational and vibronic bands of complex molecules in the gas phase as a temperature indicator

From the independence of the contour of spectral density of the rotational (orientation) correlation function of a rigid molecular top of arbitrary symmetry on temperature in the frequency scale based on the reduced time of rotational orientation relaxation and from the near independence of the rotational contour of vibrational and vibronic absorption bands of dipole transitions in the same coordinates in a model of “regular diffusion” of the transition oscillator with a classically rotating rigid molecular top, it is suggested that it is possible to use the halfwidth of the contour for estimation of temperatures. Data are presented on the halfwidth of 48 contours of bands of A, B, and C types at this frequency for 12 compounds for a temperature range of from units to 500 degrees of absolute temperature measured experimentally and (for low temperatures) calculated by the quantum theory. Institute of Molecular and Atomic Physics, Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 70, F. Skorina Ave., Minsk, 220072, Belarus. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 3, pp. 312–317, May–June, 1997.     

Rotation of the light polarization plane by an ensemble of oriented linear associates: Model representations

In an “oriented gas” model expressions are obtained for the angle of nongyrotropic rotation of the polarization plane (NRPP) of transmitted light by an ensemble of oriented associates consisting of nongyrotropic molecules. The cluster character of the nongyrotropic rotation of the polarization plane and the dependence of its angle on the incident light polarization vector azimuth are noted, which distinguish linear and circular polarization effects. Measurement of linear dichroism by the angle of nongyrotropic rotation of the polarization plane with the use of commercial spectropolarimeters is theoretically justified. Institute of Molecular and Atomic Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 70, F. Skorina Ave., Minsk, 220072 Belarus. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 65, No. 1, pp. 95–101, January–February, 1998.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

A modified voice conversion algorithm using compressed sensing

A voice conversion algorithm,which makes use of the information between continuous frames of speech by compressed sensing,is proposed in this paper.According to the sparsity property of the concatenated vector of several continuous Linear Spectrum Pairs（LSP）in the discrete cosine transformation domain,this paper utilizes compressed sensing to extract the compressed vector from the concatenated LSPs and uses it as the feature vector to train the conversion function.The results of evaluations demonstrate that the performance of this approach can averagely improve 3.21%with the conventional algorithm based on weighted frequency warping when choosing the appropriate numbers of speech frame.The experimental results also illustrate that the performance of voice conversion system can be improved by taking full advantage of the inter-frame information,because those information can make the converted speech remain the more stable acoustic properties which is inherent in inter-frames.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.