基于集群的高频合成孔径声纳并行处理方法

大测绘带下的高频合成孔径声纳需要解决的主要问题是海量数据的实时处理。该问题对数据处理的计算平台、成像处理和架构提出了很高的要求。本文利用非均匀离散快速傅里叶变换改进了成像算法,使之能够适应采用了多子阵技术的合成孔径声纳;提出了高频合成孔径声纳信号并行处理方法,在集群上实施了该方法,并进行了湖试试验。实时成像结果表明,改进的并行处理方法可以满足分辨率为距离向4cm、方位向5 cm,测绘带宽为200m的高频合成孔径声纳实时成像要求,具有较高的稳定性。     

基于多分辨分析的合成孔径声纳相干斑抑制研究

相干斑噪声的存在使合成孔径声纳图像不能正确反映目标的反射特性,严重影响了图像的质量,降低了对图像的分析和理解性能。一个良好的合成孔径声纳图像相干斑抑制算法,必须在有效抑制相干斑噪声的同时,尽量保持图像中的边缘、点目标等细节信息。小波变换具有多分辨特性,可以利用其多分辨特性进行图像噪声消除。由于合成孔径声纳图像相干斑具有乘性噪声的性质,这就需要对其合成孔径声纳图像进行对数变换,把乘性噪声转换成加性噪声。然后对加性噪声进行小波多分辨分析和阈值处理,剔除小于阈值的小波系数后进行逆小波变换和指数变换,从而获得抑制相干斑噪声后的新的合成孔径声纳图像。从相干斑抑制的结果可以看出,基于多分辨分析的相干斑噪声抑制算法能够有效降低合成孔径声纳图像中的相干斑噪声。     

基于快速小波分形插值的声纳图像缩放算法

本文讨论主动图像声纳的图像结果显示问题,主要介绍一种基于快速小波分形插值的实时声纳图像缩放算法。并通过对合成孔径声纳图像数据进行算法比较,发现此算法比通用的图像插值算法,如双线性插值和双三次样条插值等,具有更好的性能。由于可以分块并行实现,因此本算法易于应用于实时图像声纳工程中。     

一种适用于大测绘带合成孔径声呐的运动补偿方法

当合成孔径声呐测绘带较大时,运动误差的空变效应严重,经典的相位中心重叠算法难以适用。为此,提出了一种适用于大测绘带合成孔径声呐的运动补偿方法。首先使用混合调制的拉格朗日时延估计算法对前后两帧回波的时延进行估计,之后使用线性回归方法拟合出运动误差,最后利用运动误差的估计值对回波进行逐点精确补偿。仿真数据的结果表明,该算法能够获得比相位中心重叠算法更好的运动估计结果,运动补偿后成像分辨率接近理论分辨率。使用该算法分别对高、低频合成孔径声呐的湖试数据进行了处理,水下地貌和小目标的成像质量均有明显提高。      

基于时延和相位估计的合成孔径声呐运动补偿研究

合成孔径声呐成象的难点之一在于孔径上载体的运动不稳定性影响了合成孔径上水听器接收的信号的相干性,其结果将导致图像的畸变和分辨率的降低。首先讨论了运动误差对合成孔径声呐(SAS)成像的影响及运动补偿的必要性。在分析位移相位中心运动补偿法的基础上,提出了一种改进算法。该方法首先估计时延,然后再对剩余误差进行相位估计,从而扩大了算法适用的运动误差范围。文中给出了利用该方法的计算机仿真结果和部分水池实验结果,从结果可以看出,该方法有效地修正了在合成孔径上由于介质和载体不稳定带来的不相干性,提高了成像的质量。     

基于自适应窗的合成孔径激光雷达联合时频成像方法

传统距离-多普勒算法中观测期间多普勒频率为常量的假设在合成孔径激光雷达系统中不再成立.根据合成孔径激光雷达回波信号模型,推导计算了振动对合成孔径激光雷达回波相位的影响.根据实际情况引入振动频率不超过500 Hz、振幅不超过0.2 mm的机载平台微振动参量,结果表明载机微振动对合成孔径激光雷达成像的方位分辨率影响很大,而对距离分辨率影响不大.采用时频分析成像方法,能够有效克服传统距离-多普勒算法对时变信号处理的局限性.分析比较Wigner-Ville分布、伪WWigner-Ville分布和平滑伪Wigner-Ville分布作为核函数的时频成像结果,均无法兼顾成像分辨率和成像效率.据此本文提出了一种基于自适应窗的联合时频成像方法,根据变异系数和变异阈值的比较自适应地调整子区域窗口大小,从而达到成像分辨率和算法效率的平衡优化.仿真结果表明,本算法对成像分辨率影响不大,成像时间减少近69.87%,适用于合成孔径激光雷达对成像高分辨率和成像效率的要求.     

基于自适应窗的合成孔径激光雷达联合时频成像方法

传统距离-多普勒算法中观测期间多普勒频率为常量的假设在合成孔径激光雷达系统中不再成立.根据合成孔径激光雷达回波信号模型,推导计算了振动对合成孔径激光雷达回波相位的影响.根据实际情况引入振动频率不超过500Hz、振幅不超过0.2mm的机载平台微振动参量,结果表明载机微振动对合成孔径激光雷达成像的方位分辨率影响很大,而对距离分辨率影响不大.采用时频分析成像方法,能够有效克服传统距离-多普勒算法对时变信号处理的局限性.分析比较Wigner-Ville分布、伪WWigner-Ville分布和平滑伪Wigner-Ville分布作为核函数的时频成像结果,均无法兼顾成像分辨率和成像效率.据此本文提出了一种基于自适应窗的联合时频成像方法,根据变异系数和变异阈值的比较自适应地调整子区域窗口大小,从而达到成像分辨率和算法效率的平衡优化.仿真结果表明,本算法对成像分辨率影响不大,成像时间减少近69.87%,适用于合成孔径激光雷达对成像高分辨率和成像效率的要求.     

合成孔径成像激光雷达成像算法研究

在描述了调频连续波信号模型以及其外差接收体制特点的基础上,针对传统合成孔径雷达的"一步一停"模型中忽略的平台连续运动引入的多普勒频移项,采用线性调频连续波信号的合成孔径成像激光雷达瞬时距离较传统合成孔径雷达的改变.推导出在该模型下一种适用于机载合成孔径成像激光雷达系统的频率变标算法,一并考虑了在连续波信号模型中多普勒频移项对成像的影响.仿真证明了该算法能有效补偿平台连续运动带来的影响.     

合成孔径成像激光雷达成像算法研究

在描述了调频连续波信号模型以及其外差接收体制特点的基础上,针对传统合成孔径雷达的“一步一停”模型中忽略的平台连续运动引入的多普勒频移项,采用线性调频连续波信号的合成孔径成像激光雷达瞬时距离较传统合成孔径雷达的改变.推导出在该模型下一种适用于机载合成孔径成像激光雷达系统的频率变标算法,一并考虑了在连续波信号模型中多普勒频移项对成像的影响.仿真证明了该算法能有效补偿平台连续运动带来的影响.     

机动目标逆合成孔径激光雷达方位成像快速算法

针对逆合成孔径激光雷达对机动目标成像时存在方位多普勒时变的问题,提出了一种基于方位时频域keystone变换的机动目标逆合成孔径激光雷达方位成像快速算法.利用多分量线性调频子回波信号的调频斜率与起始频率的比值为常量这一特点,在方位时频域采用keystone变换将多分量线性调频信号同时转换为多分量单频信号,利用快速傅里叶变换实现方位聚焦.采用基于分数阶傅里叶变换和最小熵的线性调频参量估计方法,实现了对调频斜率与起始频率比值的精确、快速估计.结果表明,与现有的基于Radon-Wigner变换的距离-瞬时多普勒成像算法相比,所提出的算法成像效率大大提高,且能够保留更多的目标细节信息,适合于逆合成孔径激光雷达的实时成像.     

多维波形编码合成孔径声呐技术研究

为了提高测绘效率,提出了两种基于多维波形编码技术的高分辨率宽测绘带合成孔径成像声呐体制,包括使用多发射阵的频分多输入多输出成像方式和方位向波形编码序列的成像方式,并论述了相应的成像处理流程。最后根据高速平台下的成像需求,设计了一种频分双发多收的合成孔径声呐系统,它可以将原有的单发多收系统的测绘效率提高一倍。考虑到水声信号的随机起伏性,利用已有的单发多收系统的实测数据,对多维波形编码技术在水声领域的可行性进行了实际验证。成像结果表明,经水底散射后的相邻频带的回波信号的空间相关性可以满足双发多收体制的合成孔径声呐的成像要求。      

一种卫星平台振动光谱成像数据分块校正方法

卫星平台的振动会降低光谱成像数据的质量.以星载色散型成像光谱仪为例,介绍了其运动成像的退化机理.针对传统二维反卷积算法存在的问题以及推扫机理的特殊性,提出了一种光谱成像数据分块校正方法.该方法将分块处理、升维运算以及灰度渐变拼接相结合,将基于自然景物统计规律的图像去模糊算法运用于降质成像光谱数据的校正中.分别进行了不同目标的光谱成像退化校正仿真实验,实验结果表明,光谱成像数据质量在空间维和光谱维都有了明显提高,校正效果优于传统二维反卷积算法.     

Anisotropic field-of-view shapes for improved PROPELLER imaging

The Periodically Rotated Overlapping ParallEL Lines with Enhanced Reconstruction (PROPELLER) method for magnetic resonance imaging data acquisition and reconstruction has the highly desirable property of being able to correct for motion during the scan, making it especially useful for imaging pediatric or uncooperative patients and diffusion imaging. This method nominally supports a circular field of view (FOV), but tailoring the FOV for noncircular shapes results in more efficient, shorter scans. This article presents new algorithms for tailoring PROPELLER acquisitions to the desired FOV shape and size that are flexible and precise. The FOV design also allows for rotational motion which provides better motion correction and reduced aliasing artifacts. Some possible FOV shapes demonstrated are ellipses, ovals and rectangles, and any convex, pi-symmetric shape can be designed. Standard PROPELLER reconstruction is used with minor modifications, and results with simulated motion presented confirm the effectiveness of the motion correction with these modified FOV shapes. These new acquisition design algorithms are simple and fast enough to be computed for each individual scan. Also presented are algorithms for further scan time reductions in PROPELLER echo-planar imaging (EPI) acquisitions by varying the sample spacing in two directions within each blade.     

Block-wise motion detection using compressive imaging system

A block-wise motion detection strategy based on compressive imaging, also referred to as feature-specific imaging (FSI), is described in this work. A mixture of Gaussian distributions is used to model the background in a scene. Motion is detected in individual object blocks using feature measurements. Gabor, Hadamard binary and random binary features are studied. Performance of motion detection methods using pixel-wise measurements is analyzed and serves as a baseline for comparison with motion detection techniques based on compressive imaging. ROC (Receiver Operation Characteristic) curves and AUC (Area Under Curve) metrics are used to quantify the algorithm performance. Because a FSI system yields a larger measurement SNR(Signal-to-Noise Ratio) than a traditional system, motion detection methods based on the FSI system have better performance. We show that motion detection algorithms using Hadamard and random binary features in a FSI system yields AUC values of 0.978 and 0.969 respectively. The pixel-based methods are only able to achieve a lower AUC value of 0.627.     

基于特征点匹配的电子稳像技术

为获得高质量视频输出序列,电子稳像技术常被用来去除成像设备所摄取的图像序列中的随机抖动。本文首先介绍了电子稳像的国内外发展现状。然后,从电子稳像技术中的运动估计模块出发,描述了国内外近年来出现的直接求取运动估计算法以及各种基于特征点匹配的运动估计方法,并对运动校正和运动补偿模块的算法进行了评述。最后综合分析了稳像算法的难点以及未来发展趋势,提出基于特征匹配的电子稳像技术的发展方向。     

A motion compensation method for wide-swath synthetic aperture sonar

When the swath of Synthetic Aperture Sonar(SAS) is considerably wide, the spacevariant effect of motion errors becomes remarkable. This space-variant effect makes Displace Phase Center Algorithm(DPCA) invalid. To solve the problem, a motion compensation method for wide-swath SAS is proposed. This method uses mixed modulated Lagrange explicit time delay estimation(MMLETDE) to estimate the time delay between two successive pings of the raw echo data, and then motion errors are fitted by linear regression. After that, the raw echo data can be precisely compensated point by point with the estimations of motion errors.Simulation results show that the proposed method can obtain better motion estimation results than DPCA. The resolution measured on the reconstructed image processed by the proposed method is very close to the theoretical resolution. The lake trail results of high frequency and low frequency SAS data show that the quality of the images of the terrain area and small targets is significantly improved.     

一种具有自适应非均匀校正功能的非制冷焦平面探测器组件

基于场景的非均匀校正算法(scene based nonuniformity correction,SBNUC)是非均匀校正技术今后的重点发展方向,介绍了近年来基于恒定统计约束的SBNUC、神经网络的SBNUC和运动估计的SBNUC算法的研究进展。研究了SBNUC算法在实际焦平面探测器组件上的实现方法,该方法仅依赖拍摄序列的信息对焦平面探测器的增益和偏置参数进行组间更新或帧间更新,可有效补偿温漂。研制了一种具有自适应非均匀校正功能的非制冷焦平面探测器组件,红外视频经该组件处理后,图像质量有所提高。该组件可明显提高热成像系统的成像性能,并能动态地保证热成像系统随场景变化的稳定性。     

Comprehensive mathematical simulation of functional magnetic resonance imaging time series including motion-related image distortion and spin saturation effect

There has been vast interest in determining the feasibility of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as an accurate method of imaging brain function for patient evaluations. The assessment of fMRI as an accurate tool for activation localization largely depends on the software used to process the time series data. The performance evaluation of different analysis tools is not reliable unless truths in motion and activation are known. Lack of valid truths has been the limiting factor for comparisons of different algorithms. Until now, currently available phantom data do not include comprehensive accounts of head motion. While most fMRI studies assume no interslice motion during the time series acquisition in fMRI data acquired using a multislice and single-shot echo-planar imaging sequence, each slice is subject to a different set of motion parameters. In this study, in addition to known three-dimensional motion parameters applied to each slice, included in the time series computation are geometric distortion from field inhomogeneity and spin saturation effect as a result of out-of-plane head motion. We investigated the effect of these head motion-related artifacts and present a validation of the mapping slice-to-volume (MSV) algorithm for motion correction and activation detection against the known truths. MSV was evaluated, and showed better performance in comparison with other widely used fMRI data processing software, which corrects for head motion with a volume-to-volume realignment method. Furthermore, improvement in signal detection was observed with the implementation of the geometric distortion correction and spin saturation effect compensation features in MSV.     

PGA算法在条带式SAS场景目标成像中的应用

本文针对条带式合成孔径声呐(SAS)对场景目标成像应用中面临的方位向残余相位误差导致成像质量降低的问题,探讨了相位梯度自聚焦(PGA)算法在条带式SAS成像方位向相位误差估计和补偿中的应用方法,通过自适应的选点及窗宽估计处理以提高算法对场景目标的适应性,最后通过对场景目标成像的实际湖试数据进行处理和分析,结果验证了该算法改善条带式SAS对场景目标成像质量的有效性。