Parametric oscillatory instability on axially-symmetrical test mass elastic modes in Advanced LIGO interferometer

We discuss the importance of accurate calculation of axially-symmetrical elastic modes frequencies and forms in test masses (mirrors) of Advanced LIGO interferometer using the method of superposition to analyse the effect of parametric oscillatory instability. This method consists in possibility to construct analytical expressions for partial solutions of media motion equation in the cylindrical coordinates which allow to satisfy all zero boundary conditions. Obtained results allow to predict more exactly (in comparison with numerical calculations) the number of combinations of optical and elastic modes that can create undesirable effect of parametric oscillatory instability.     

Numerical calculations of elastic modes frequencies for parametric oscillatory instability in Advanced LIGO interferometer

We discuss the importance of accurate numerical calculation of elastic modes in the mirrors of Advanced LIGO to enable precise predictions of the problem of parametric oscillatory instability. We propose accuracy estimations through use of analytical solutions based on Chree-Lamb modes. Small deviations from cylindrical test mass shape may produce splitting of non-axial symmetric elastic modes into doublets. This splitting may increase the possibility of parametric oscillatory instability.     

Effect of parametric oscillatory instability in axially symmetric modes of test masses in gravitational antennas LIGO

We demonstrate the importance of using the method of superposition for the precise calculation of frequencies and forms of axially symmetric elastic modes of test masses in gravitational antennas LIGO for detailed analysis of the effect of parametric oscillatory instability. The method allows one to construct analytical expressions for particular solutions to the medium equations of motion in cylindrical coordinates, which allow one to satisfy all zero boundary conditions. The obtained results allow considerably more reliable methods (as compared to meshing methods) to be used for predicting the number of combinations of optical and elastic modes that lead to the undesirable effect of the parametric oscillatory instability.     

The effect of a laser beam displacement on parametric oscillatory instabilities for Advanced LIGO

The arm cavities of real gravitational wave detectors can show small deviations like a tilt or a spatial shift between the cavity mirrors. These deviations lead to a separation of the optical mode centres with respect to the mirror?s centre. In this Letter we perform the computation of parametric instable modes considering the described displacement. We further analyse the possibility of parametric oscillatory instability in the Advanced LIGO interferometer for the case of a displaced arm cavity. Our results reveal an additional number of optical and elastic mode combinations due to a displacement that can give rise to the undesirable effect of parametric oscillatory instability.     

Parametric oscillatory instability in a Fabry–Perot cavity of the Einstein Telescope with different mirror's materials

We discuss the parametric oscillatory instability in a Fabry–Perot cavity of the Einstein Telescope. Unstable combinations of elastic and optical modes for two possible configurations of gravitational wave third-generation detector are deduced. The results are compared with the results for gravitational wave interferometers LIGO and LIGO Voyager.     

The effect of parametric oscillatory instability in a Fabry-Perot cavity of the Einstein telescope

The nonlinear effect of a parametric oscillatory instability in a Fabry-Perot cavity of the Einstein Telescope is investigated. Unstable combinations of elastic and optical modes are calculated for two possible configurations of the third-generation gravitational-wave detector. The results are compared with those for the LIGO gravitational-wave interferometer.     

Electromagnetic Coulomb gas with vector charges and “elastic” potentials: Renormalization group equations

We present a detailed derivation of the renormalization group equations for two-dimensional electromagnetic Coulomb gases whose charges lie on a triangular lattice (magnetic charges) and its dual (electric charges). The interactions between the charges involve both angular couplings and a new electromagnetic potential. This motivates the denomination of “elastic” Coulomb gas. Such elastic Coulomb gases arise naturally in the study of the continuous melting transition of two-dimensional solids coupled to a substrate, either commensurate or with quenched disorder.     

Two mechanisms of spiral-pair-source creation in excitable media

Two new modes of generating spiral pairs in an excitable medium have been found. They depend on a geometrical structure (GS) inside the medium. This may be formed e.g. as a result of scars or fibrosis in the heart tissue, or artificially built in a chemical reaction substrate. Both sources involve a GS composed of a circular “convergent lens” bounded by two opaque “walls”. One mode can be induced by a single wave and behaves as a “flip-flop” type of a limit cycle. The other mode is generated by a train of plane waves impinging on the GS, and is created at the focus of the converging wave-fragments.     

Formation mechanism of “memory” phenomenon of microchannel plate image intensifier

A discrete resistance capacitance dynodes chain of channel multiplication model worked in a continuous variable dynode number described here is an attempt to explain the formation mechanism of “memory” phenomenon of microchannel plate image intensifier, wherein it was concluded conclusion that “memory” phenomenon of image intensifiers were the results of a silicon-rich layer, which existed between emission layer and conduction layer of channel inner wall of microchannel plate, having much higher resistance as compared with the conduction layer, and there are two distinct appearance ways of “negative memory” and “positive memory” only due to a difference in illumination and duration of the image intensifier suffered, and a strictly controlled MCP manufacture process would make considerable reduction of “memory” phenomenon occurrence ratio.     

Cooperative Parametric Instability of Natural Modes and Coherent Mechanism of Self-Mode-Locking in a Ring Class-B Laser

Based on recent experimental observations and numerical simulations [1-4], we develop an analytical theory of spontaneous low-threshold mode-locking in a long homogeneously-broadened fiber laser with slow relaxation of inversion. We show that the phenomenon originates from the self-consistent parametric resonance and beat-frequency-locking of paired hot modes taking place due to coherent nonlinear effects in the system of active two-level centers. An important role of the Risken-Nummedal-Graham-Haken [5-7] multimode instability is discussed.     

Simulation of the “negative temperature” instability for line vortices

Numerical simulation of the Onsager “negative temperature” instability for a large number of discrete line vortices is reported.     

Number-phase entropic uncertainty relations and Wigner functions for solvable quantum systems with discrete spectra

In this Letter, the “number-phase entropic uncertainty relation” and the “number-phase Wigner function” of generalized coherent states associated to a few solvable quantum systems with non-degenerate spectra are studied. We also investigate time evolution of “number-phase entropic uncertainty” and “Wigner function” of the considered physical systems with the help of temporally stable Gazeau-Klauder coherent states.     

A four-level “Ξ-system”: Exact solvability and effective evolution operators via multiple scales

Properties of a four-level atomic system interacting with one and two modes of the electromagneticfield in a “Ξ”-configuration are investigated. By linearization of the Hamiltonians we show that the corresponding mathematical models are exactly solvable. To obtain simpler effective Hamiltonians the perturbative method of multiple scales is applied. The lowest-order corrections to the resulting effective evolution operators are also calculated.     

“Rotating” steps in Si(0 0 1) homoepitaxy

Steps on Si(0 0 1) surfaces which are initially not aligned along the high symmetry directions of the dimer reconstruction are observed, by scanning tunneling microscopy, to “rotate” toward [1 1 0] directions during Si growth. This step “rotation” occurs due to a faceting of the step edges. A theoretical analysis of adatom incorporation into the steps shows that this kinetic instability may be caused by a suppressed mobility of the growing species along the S_A step edge.     

Eigenvalues of collective emission in multi-slice slab configurations

We compute the eigenmodes of collective emission from multi-slice slab configurations, using the transfer matrix formalism. We elucidate within this formalism the phenomena of “Invisible Gaps” in multiple-slice configuration and of “Precocious Superradiance” in periodic structures previously observed in numerical solutions of Maxwell-Bloch equations.     

Modulation instability: The beginning

We discuss the early history of an important field of “sturm and drang” in modern theory of nonlinear waves. It is demonstrated how scientific demand resulted in independent and almost simultaneous publications by many different authors on modulation instability, a phenomenon resulting in a variety of nonlinear processes such as envelope solitons, envelope shocks, freak waves, etc. Examples from water wave hydrodynamics, electrodynamics, nonlinear optics, and convection theory are given.     

Electromagnetic decay modes in a spherical sample of two-level atoms

We find the eigenmodes of the Lienard-Wiechert kernel for a spherical geometry. We show that these consist of two series corresponding to the classical electrodynamics multipole electric and magnetic series. The electric series possesses “anomalous modes”, absent in both the magnetic series and the “scalar photon” theory.     

Saturation field direction dependence of domain structures in NiFe elements

The domain structures in NiFe elements were studied by magnetic force microscopy measurement and micromagnetic modeling. The remanent states in the elements were dependent on the direction of the saturation field. The “S” and “U” states were observed at remanence by applying the saturation field at different directions. The “S” and “U” states are metastable: magnetic force microscopy tip field-induced switching from the “S” and “U” states to the flux closure configuration was observed.     

Individual’s strategy characterized by local topology conditions in prisoner’s dilemma on scale-free networks

We introduce a “gradient” to find out the defectors, and further a “topology potential” to characterize the individual’s strategy preference in the prisoner’s dilemma on scale-free networks. It is shown that the cooperators typically locate on the nodes with high topology potential and the defectors are mainly found on the nodes with small topology potential. A critical topology potential is found for the nodes where cooperators are nip and tuck with defectors. So the information of node’s degree, gradient and topology potential together can predict individual’s strategy decision in the prisoner’s dilemma on the complex networks.