Simultaneous estimation of time-delay and direction of arrival for underwater multitarget by using extended ESPRIT

1ModelingTheemittedsignalisasinewavewithanenvelops(t).AnM-elementd-spaceduniformlinearsensorarrayisemployedasareceiver.Assumingthattherearepreflectorsunderwater.IfasingIeechowaveissampledwithNpointsintimedomain,thecomplexenvelopofreceivedechocanbewrittenasaNxMmatrixiwhereisthedirectionmatrix0fsensorarray,o(0i)={1,exp(-jwi),'',exp[-j(M-1)wil}"isi-thcolumn0fA(0),whichdenotesthedirecti0nvector0fsensorarray;wi=2Tdsin(0i)/A,i=1,2,'')pisthespatia1frequency0fi-threflect0r,Aisthewavelengthofcarr…     

Reconstructing Equation of State for Dark Energy in Double Complex Symmetric Gravitational Theory

We propose to study the accelerating expansion of the universe in the double complex symmetric gravitational theory (DCSGT). The universe we live in is taken as the real part of the whole spacetime M4C(J), which is double complex. By introducing the spatially flat FRW metric, not only the double Friedmann equations but also the two constraint conditions pJ = 0 and J2 = 1 are obtained. Furthermore, using parametric DL(z) ansatz, we reconstruct the ω′(z) and V(φ) for dark energy from real observational data. We find that in the two cases of J = i, pJ = 0, and J = ε, pJ ≠ 0, the corresponding equations of state ω′(z) remain close to -1 at present (z = 0) and change from below -1 to above -1. The results illustrate that the whole spacetime, i.e. the double complex spacetime M4C(J), may be either ordinary complex (J = i, pJ = 0) or hyperbolic complex (J = ε, pJ ≠ 0). And the fate of the universe would be Big Rip in the future.     

Observation of signature inversion in the πh_(9/2)νi_(13/2) oblate band

The low-spin signature inversion phenomenon has been systematically observed in deformed odd-odd nuclei throughout the chart of nuclides in the πg 9 /2 νg9/2, π h1 1/2  νh11/2, πh 1 1 /2 νi13/2, πh 9 /2 νi13/2 and πi 1 3 /2 νi13/2 configurations (see refs. [1,2] and the references therein). Such anomalous phenomenon has become the subject of extensive experimental and theoretical studies[3]. In order to investigate the physical origins of signature inversion, it is very imp…     

Lepton-number-violating decays of singly-charged Higgs bosons in the type-(Ⅰ+Ⅱ) seesaw model

The lepton-number-violating decays of singly-charged Higgs bosons H± are investigated in the minimal type-(Ⅰ+Ⅱ) seesaw model with one SU(2)L Higgs triplet Δ and one heavy Majorana neutrino N1 at the TeV scale.We find that the branching ratios B(H+ → lα+ ν)(for α = e,μ,τ) depend not only on the mass and mixing parameters of three light neutrinos νi(for i=1,2,3) but also on those of N1.Assuming that the mass of N1 lies in the range of 200 GeV to 1 TeV,we figure out the generous interference bands for the contributions of νi and N1 to B(H+ →lα+ ν).We illustrate some salient features of such interference effects by considering three typical mass patterns of νi,and show that the relevant Majorana CP-violating phases can affect the magnitudes of B(H+ →l+αν) in this parameter region.     

Existence and construction of simultaneous cloning machines for mixed states

It is a well-known fact that the no-cloning theorem forbids the creation of identical copies of an arbitrary unknown quantum state.In other words,there does not exist a quantum cloning machine that can clone all quantum states.However,it is possible to clone given quantum states under certain conditions,for instance,k distinct pure states|ψ1,|ψ2,...,|ψk can be cloned simultaneously if and only if they are orthogonal.This paper discusses the existence and construction of simultaneous cloning machines for mixed states.It is proved that k distinct mixed statesρ1,ρ2,...,ρkof the n-dimensional quantum system Cncan be cloned simultaneously,that is,there exists a quantum channel Φ on MnMn and a state Σ in Mn,such that Φ(ρiΣ)=ρiρi for all i,if and only ifρiρj=0(i j).Also,the constructing procedure of the desired simultaneous cloning machine is given.     

A model with flavor-dependent gauged U(1)_(B-L_1)×U(1)_(B-L_2-L_3) symmetry

We propose a new model with flavor-dependent gauged U(1)_(B-L_1)×U(1)_(B-L_2-L_3) symmetry in addition to the flavor-blind symmetry in the Standard Model. The model contains three right-handed neutrinos to cancel gauge anomalies and several Higgs bosons to construct the measured fermion masses. We show the generic features of the model and explore its phenomenology. In particular, we discuss the current bounds on the extra gauge bosons from the K and B meson mixings as well as the LEP and LHC data, and focus on their contributions to the lepton flavor violating processes of ?_(i+1) →?_iγ(i=1,2).     

一九八三年CUSPEA试题(二)(英文)

Solve 5 of the following 6 problems.B1. Consider a neutral particle with intrinsic angular momentum where S=h/2 i. e. a spin1/2 article. Assume the particle bas a magnetic moment M =rS where r is a constant. Thequantum mechanical state of the particle can be described in a spin space spanned by the eigenvectors | + > and | - > representing alignment parallel and antiparallel to the Z axis. (i.e.Szl + ) ). At time t = 0 the state of the system is >. The particlemoves along the Y axis throug…     

Four-soliton solution and soliton interactions of the generalized coupled nonlinear Schr?dinger equation

Based on the generalized coupled nonlinear Schr ¨odinger equation, we obtain the analytic four-bright–bright soliton solution by using the Hirota bilinear method. The interactions among four solitons are also studied in detail. The results show that the interaction among four solitons mainly depends on the values of solution parameters; k1 and k2 mainly affect the two inboard solitons while k3 and k4 mainly affect the two outboard solitons; the pulse velocity and width mainly depend on the imaginary part of ki(i = 1, 2, 3, 4), while the pulse amplitude mainly depends on the real part of ki(i = 1, 2,3, 4).     

Rational Solutions for the Fokas System

Fokas system is the simplest(2+1)-dimensional extension of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation(Eq.(2),Inverse Problems 10(1994) L19-L22).By using the bilinear transformation method,general rational solutions for the Fokas system are given explicitly in terms of two order-N determinants T_n(n = 0,1) whose elements m_(i,j)~(n)(n = 0,1;1≤i,j≤N)are involved with order-n_i and order-n_j derivatives.When N = 1,three kinds of rational solution,i.e.,fundamental lump and fundamental rogue wave(RW) with n_1 = 1,and higher-order rational solution with n_1 2,are illustrated by explicit formulas from T_n(n = 0,1) and pictures.The fundamental RW is a line RW possessing a line profile on(x,y)-plane,which arises from a constant background with at t 0 and then disappears into the constant background gradually at t 0.The fundamental lump is a traveling wave,which can preserve its profile during the propagation on(x,y)-plane.When N ≥2 and n_1 =n_2=...=n_n = 1,several specific multi-rational solutions are given graphically.     

Average position in quantum walks with a U（2） coin

We investigated discrete-time quantum walks with an arbitary unitary coin.Here we discover that the average position x=max(x) sin(α+γ),while the initial state is 1/2～(1/2)(|0L+i|0R).We verify the result,and obtain some symmetry properties of quantum walks with a U(2) coin with |0L and |0R as the initial state.     

Passive noise control by enhancing aeroacoustic interference due to structural discontinuities in close proximity

In-duct devices are commonly installed in flow ducts for various flow management purposes. The structural construction of these devices indispensably creates disruption to smooth flow through duct passages so they exist as structural discontinuities in duct flow. The presence of these discontinuities provides additional possibility of noise generation. In real practice, in-duct devices do not exist alone in any duct system. Even though each in-duct device would generate its own noise, it might be possible that these devices could be properly arranged so as to strengthen the interference between individual noise; thus giving rise to an overall reduction of noise radiation in the in-duct far field. This concept of passive noise control is investigated by considering different configurations of two structural discontinuities of simple form (i.e., a cavity) in tandem in an unconfined flow and in opposing setting within a flow duct. It is known that noise generated by a cavity in unconfined domain (unconfined cavity) is strongly dependent on flow-resonant behavior within the cavity so the interference it produces is merely aeroacoustic. The objective of the present study is to verify the concept of passive noise reduction through enhancement of aeroacoustic interference due to two cavities by considering laminar flow only. A two-dimensional approach is adopted for the direct aeroacoustic calculations using a direct numerical simulation (DNS) technique. The position and geometries of the cavities and the Mach number are varied; the resultant aeroacoustic behavior and acoustic power are calculated. The numerical results are compared with a single cavity case to highlight the effect of introducing additional cavities to the aeroacoustic problem. Resonant flow oscillations occur when two unconfined cavities are very close and the associated acoustic field is very intense with no noise reduction possible. However, for duct aeroacoustics, it is found that a 7.9 db reduction of acoustic power in the downstream side of the duct or a total reduction of ∼6 db is possible with opposing cavities having an offset of half a cavity length. In addition, the reduction is shown to be free from lock-on with trapped modes of the ducts with cavities.     

气流管道有源降噪研究

如何消除气流的影响是管道有源降噪的难点之一，本文分析了湍流对有源降噪系统的影响，并开发了一种抗湍流传声器探管，最后在某种通风系统的进气管段进行了降噪试验，气流速度为２０ｍ／ｓ时，在６０－６３０Ｈｚ频带取得了１５ｄＢ（Ａ）的降噪效果。     

一种基于声相似律的旋转流体机械噪声声源分离方法

针对管道系统中的流体机械发声问题,提出了一种声源函数与声响应函数的频谱分离方法。该方法以声相似律为基础,分别采用最小均方值多重线性回归方法和高斯滤波获得声源函数和声响应函数。通过算例验证了该方法的有效性,辨识得到的声源函数和声响应函数的相对误差均远小于现有方法。利用该方法分析了自由空间和带管道两种安装条件下轴流风扇的辐射噪声,辨识得到了相应的声源函数、声响应函数和叶尖速度律指数,并对风扇的主要噪声成分进行了分析。     

利用质量流注入的流激孔腔噪声共振峰抑制

通过数值仿真揭示了开口前缘垂直注入质量流和前壁面平行注入质量流抑制流激孔腔噪声的机制,研究了多参数影响下脉动压力峰值降噪量和总降噪量随质量流注入速度的变化规律。开口前缘垂直注入质量流通过抬升剪切层,避免漩涡冲击开口后缘,抑制流激孔腔噪声脉动压力峰值;在一定范围内质量流注入速度越大,脉动压力峰值降噪量越大,但是低频部分引起的抬升也会越高,导致总降噪量先增大后减小;经优化后的峰值降噪量和总降噪量分别可以达到15 dB和9.5 dB。开口前壁面平行注入质量流则是通过加强开口处剪切层的稳定性,避免发生漩涡脱落,达到抑制流激孔腔噪声的目的;当质量流入口面积大于孔腔开口前壁面积2/3时,不仅可以显著降低流激孔腔噪声脉动压力的峰值,并且可以很好地抑制其它频段噪声的抬升;质量流注入速度为来流速度的0.5倍时,脉动压力峰值降噪量和总降噪量分别可以达到18 dB和15.4 dB。     

Multi-mode sound transmission in ducts with flow

Exhaust mufflers, large exhaust stacks, and turbofan engines are common examples of ducted noise. The most useful measure of the sound produced by these noise sources is the sound power transmitted along the duct. When airflow is present, sound power flow can no longer be uniquely determined from the usual measurements of acoustic pressure and particle velocity.One approach to sound power determination from in-duct pressure measurement, and the one discussed in this paper, is to predict the relationship between the sound power and pressure based upon an assumed mode amplitude distribution. This paper investigates the relationship between acoustic pressure and power for a family of idealized source distributions of arbitrary temporal and spatial order. Incoherent monopole and dipole sources uniformly distributed over a duct cross-section can be obtained as special cases. This paper covers the sensitivity of the pressure-power relationship to source multipole order, frequency and, in particular, flow speed. It is shown that the introduction of flow in a hard-walled duct can have a substantial effect on the behavior of the pressure-power relationship for certain source distributions. Preliminary experimental results in a no-flow facility are presented in order to verify some of the main results.     

A study of noise reduction by acoustic shock waves

I.IntroductionAcousticshockwavcs(ASW)isanimportantphcnomcnoninnonlinearacoustics.Experimentalrcsultshavcshownthatwhenanaircraftcngincinletopcratesneartheson-iccondition,vcrystrongnoisegcncratedbythcfanscanbcreduccdgreat1yowingtothcformationofASWatthcthroatofthcin1etll].ASWisadiscontinuityofacousticvaria-bles,whichisdifTcrcntfromthcshockwavesoccurringinhighspcedsteadyflowinducts.Theformer'sintensityismuch1cssthanthelattcr's.Furthcrmorc,thepositionandintensityofASWisalwayschangedwithtime.l…     

充水管道声分隔片消声性能研究Ⅰ.理论分析

本文对在充水管道中加入声分隔片的消声结构的消声性能进行了理论研究,用模式匹配法计算了有限和蔗声分隔片的传递损失和功率反射系数。研究结果表明,声分隔片的消声效果优于通常所采用在管壁加吸声衬怪的结构,并且其功率反射系数很小。     

The flow noise level at microphones in flow ducts

When sound measurements are made in flow ducts one has to insure that the signal-to-noise ratio of the sound signal to the flow noise, which is produced by the turbulent flow at the microphone, is sufficiently high. To accomplish this, knowledge of the flow noise level under the specific given flow conditions is required. In this paper two procedures for determining the flow noise level are described. For the first method, the mean flow velocity and the turbulence level have to be known to estimate the flow noise level as a function of duct diameter and frequency. For the second method knowledge of only the mean flow velocity is required. The procedure involves two measurements: one with a microphone fitted with a conventional nose cone and one with a microphone fitted with a slit-tube. The slit-tube is a special device for reducing the flow noise level. Finally, guidelines are given for sound measurements in the presence of flow and for the use of a microphone with a slit-tube under unusual temperature conditions or in gases other than air.     

襟翼侧缘噪声机理及修型降噪设计

襟翼侧缘噪声是飞机起降阶段机体噪声的重要噪声源。采用极大涡模拟对襟翼侧缘非定常流场进行数值模拟,分析其噪声产生机理.基于此,提出了两种襟翼侧缘修型方式,应用虚拟渗透面的Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings(FW-H)声比拟方法将修型构型的远场噪声频谱特性和指向性与基准构型对比分析,研究其降噪效果。通过流场和声场的数值模拟表明,襟翼侧缘噪声属于宽频噪声。不同的襟翼侧缘形状改变了流场形态、侧缘涡结构以及涡系的发展过程,进而对声源分布和远场噪声特性产生影响。结果表明:在给定的5°计算迎角下,两种襟翼侧缘修型方式在保证增升装置的原有升阻气动特性的前提下,能达到减小全场总声压级1~2 dB的降噪效果。      

Flow-induced noise in a suction nozzle with a centrifugal fan of a vacuum cleaner and its reduction

Noise reduction in a vacuum cleaner with a brush nozzle for cleaning a bed blanket is investigated numerically in fluid dynamic aspects. Governing equations describing nonlinear flow fields in a suction nozzle are solved simultaneously. The components of a rotary fan, a brush drum, and a separation block are installed in the nozzle. First, flow patterns in the nozzle are analyzed and based on them, flow resistance is evaluated to find a primary noise source. Flow resistance induces the loss of a suction performance as well as noise generation. In the brush nozzle, the separation block and the rotary fan obstruct smooth air flow and result in high level of noise emission. The rotation of the fan itself affects little noise generation. From the numerical results, a method to reduce noise and maintain the suction performance is suggested. In this method, the suction performance is increased through the optimization of the separation block, which is attained by the modification of its shape. And then, the height of a fan blade is shortened, leading to the performance loss. At the cost of it, the sound power level of noise is reduced by 4-5 dB(A) and at the same time, the tonal noise and the sound quality are improved appreciably. The method has been verified by experimental tests. It is found that in the brush nozzle, flow resistance is critical in noise emission and accordingly, fluid dynamic approach to noise reduction is effective.