应用核磁共振进行聚驱后泡沫驱油特性研究

采用并联岩心进行聚驱后泡沫驱油实验,利用核磁共振技术,对驱替后岩心的不同直径孔隙内的流体分布进行了研究,得到了水驱、聚合物驱、泡沫驱替阶段的驱出油的孔径范围以及剩余油分布.实验结果表明,与水驱和聚合物驱相比,泡沫驱增大了波及的孔径的范围.泡沫可以在水驱和聚驱易发生窜流的大孔径通道形成封堵,从而波及到了水驱和聚驱未波及到的孔径,不但大幅度的提高了低渗岩心的采收率,也驱出了部分高渗岩心的小孔径的油.     

聚合物强化泡沫驱数学模型及其应用

基于泡沫组分物质守恒原理,考虑泡沫生成、破灭、运移现象,建立聚合物强化泡沫驱渗流的多组分数学模型,有效反映油相消泡和聚合物稳泡作用机理,采用自适应隐式方法进行求解.通过拟合泡沫驱替实验结果,验证数学模型的有效性.对某油区泡沫先导试验区进行跟踪数值模拟,分析泡沫驱渗流特征,结果表明,强化泡沫体系能够在地层稳定存在,并不断向生产井推进,从而大幅度提高原油采收率.     

多孔介质内泡沫渗流过程入口效应的数值研究

本文利用随机泡沫数目守恒模型对均质多孔介质内泡沫液渗流过程的入口效应进行了数值研究。随机泡沫数目守恒模型仅利用两个参数:泡沫生成速率Kg与最大泡沫个数n_∞,来描述多孔介质内非稳态驱替过程中泡沫的生成和发展。采用IMPES方法对二维介质内泡沫两相渗流过程的控制方程组进行求解,基于驱替过程中液相压力、液相饱和度及气泡密度分布等参数的分析,对泡沫驱替过程的入口效应进行了详细研究。结果发现,增大泡沫生成速率Kg,泡沫渗流过程的入口效应减小;而增大参数n_∞,虽可提高驱替压差,但对多孔介质入口段各参数的分布规律影响不大。     

稠油油藏蒸汽-泡沫驱油数值模拟方法

以室内实验和矿场试验结果为基础,对稠油油藏蒸汽-泡沫驱的渗流机理及所涉及的物理化学现象进行了研究,在常规热采模型的基础上,结合蒸汽泡沫驱数学模型,建立了考虑蒸汽泡沫驱的新热采模型,拓展了热采模型的应用范围．模型中考虑了表活剂浓度、非凝析性气体含量、地层非均质性等影响因素．针对辽河高升油田高二、三区高3456井组油层埋藏较深、油层有效厚度较大的特点,对蒸汽泡沫复合驱进行了数值模拟研究,分析了其敏感因素及其可行性,并对蒸汽泡沫复合驱提高厚层稠油油藏的采收率机理进行了探讨．     

低渗透介质启动压力梯度的介观机理研究

对于具有孔隙结构和微尺度效应的低渗透储层,其渗流现象的介观机理逐渐受到人们的重视。本文采用微流控技术在硅片上加工出微通道作为微观模型,模拟岩心内部的孔隙结构,对微通道中单相和油水两相的渗流规律进行了实验研究。研究结果表明,微观模型中带有喉道段的微通道存在启动压力梯度,这揭示了孔隙中的喉道是低渗透储层中产生启动压力梯度的主要介观因素。启动压力与孔隙结构和驱替介质的性质有关,在此基础上建立了适用于单相和油水两相渗流的启动压力预测模型。     

泡沫混排解堵数学模型及数值模拟

建立泡沫井筒流动模型与泡沫地层渗流模型,得到完整的泡沫混排解堵数学模型;利用数值方法对模型进行耦合求解,得到泡沫压力,质量,密度在井筒中的分布及井口井底压力的变化规律.在固定井口回压情况下,得到井底压差的变化规律.结果表明:随着井深的增加,泡沫压力增加,质量减小,密度增加;固定井口回压,井底压差则逐渐变小.     

基于相场方法的孔隙尺度油水两相流体流动模拟

基于真实岩心颗粒粒径分布，利用过程法构建疏松砂岩油藏的三维孔隙结构模型，利用相场方法建立两相流体流动数学模型并利用有限元方法进行求解，研究驱替速度、流体性质、润湿性对剩余油分布以及采出程度的影响.结果表明：驱替速度的增大和油水粘度比的减小会导致较大的毛管数，进而有利于采出程度的提高；就润湿性而言，水湿条件下毛管力是水驱油的动力，而在油湿条件下是阻力，因此水湿岩心采出程度更高.同时，从孔隙尺度对油水渗流机理及剩余油分布机理进行揭示，结果表明：由于多孔介质的复杂孔隙结构，流体在流经不同孔隙时呈现不同的流动特征，进而对油水两相流整体的压力分布、流速分布造成重要影响.     

多孔介质非等温渗流的(火用)传递分析研究

在求解非等温单相渗流的温度场、压力场基础上,以压(火用)为统一特征项,对电加热热驱模拟过程的驱动功、驱动功率、驱动阻力、驱油速率及其相互关系作了初步分析,揭示了热采过程非等温渗流的驱替机理:通过改变温度场、减小驱动(火用)阻力,以增强驱动效果、提高采收率.     

特低渗透油藏面积井网见水时间计算

特低渗透油藏在水驱开发过程中常表现出渗透率各向异性和流体非达西渗流特征,运用非达西渗流公式及流线积分法,得到特低渗透油藏五点井网、反九点井网和菱形反九点井网在油水两相非活塞式驱替条件下的油井见水时间.计算长庆鄂尔多斯盆地某特低渗透油藏井网见水时间,结果与实际动态符合较好.分析油水黏度比、渗透率各向异性及启动压力梯度对油井见水时间的影响,结果表明:油水黏度比越大,油井的见水时间越早;当菱形反九点井网长轴方向井距与短轴方向井距之比与渗透率各向异性强度大致相等时,长轴方向与短轴方向上的角井能实现均衡驱替;启动压力梯度延缓了油井的见水时间,且生产井距越大,启动压力梯度的影响越显著.     

考虑动半径和粘度变化的稠油非牛顿不稳定渗流数学模型

针对稠油非牛顿特征,在Bingham流体渗流方程基础上,通过对动半径和粘度进行表征,建立同时考虑启动压力梯度、动半径变化和粘度变化的非牛顿稠油不稳定渗流数学模型,完善Bingham型稠油渗流数学模型.通过空间、时间离散差分及Matlab数值计算,得到非牛顿稠油非稳态渗流地层压力分布.结果表明,相同产量下,随启动压力梯度增大,动半径向井方向移动;启动压力梯度越大,压降曲线越陡,相应近井压降越大;相同启动压力梯度下,产量越大,不同吞吐周期压力差距越大.将半径和粘度动态变化相结合,弥补了现行非牛顿稠油渗流数学模型的一个缺陷.     

Polarized Spacetime Foam

An approximate model of a spacetime foam is presented. It is supposed that in the spacetime foam each quantum handle is like to an electric dipole and therefore the spacetime foam is similar to a dielectric. If we neglect of linear sizes of the quantum handle then it can be described with an operator containing a Grassman number and either a scalar or a spinor field. For both fields the Lagrangian is presented. For the scalar field it is the dilaton gravity + electrodynamics and the dilaton field is a dielectric permeability. The spherically symmetric solution in this case give us the screening of a bare electric charge surrounded by a polarized spacetime foam and the energy of the electric field becomes finite one. In the case of the spinor field the spherically symmetric solution give us a ball of the polarized spacetime foam filled with the confined electric field. It is shown that the full energy of the electric field in the ball can be very big.     

Foam imbibition in microgravity

We report an experimental study of aqueous foam imbibition in microgravity with strict mass conservation. The foam is in a Hele-Shaw cell. The bubble edge width ℓ is measured by image analysis. The penetration of the liquid in the foam, the foam imbibition, the foam inflation, and the rigidity loss are shown all to obey strict diffusion processes. The motion of bubbles needed for the foam inflation is a slow two-dimensional process with respect to the one-dimensional capillary rise of liquid. The foam is found to imbibes faster than it inflates. Received 20 May 2002 / Received in final form 21 January 2003 Published online 23 May 2003 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: herve.caps@ulg.ac.be     

Space-Time Foam from Non-Commutative Instantons

We show that a U(1) instanton on non-commutative corresponds to a non-singular U(1) gauge field on a commutative Kähler manifold X which is a blowup of at a finite number of points. This gauge field on X obeys Maxwells equations in addition to the susy constraint F^0,2=0. For instanton charge k the manifold X can be viewed as a space-time foam with b₂k. A direct connection with integrable systems of Calogero-Moser type is established. We also make some comments on the non-abelian case.     

Foam drainage on a sloping weir

Foam drainage is considered in a froth flotation tank with a sloping weir. The drainage is shown to be gravity dominated in most of the foam, except for thin boundary layers at the base of the froth, and along the sloping weir. The mathematical reason for the boundary layers is that capillary suction is a much weaker effect than gravity, but cannot be ignored altogether, because it represents a singular perturbation. The relative weakness of capillary suction with respect to gravity is represented by a key dimensionless parameter, denoted K, which satisfies K<1. The volumetric flow at any point along the weir boundary layer is the accumulation of all liquid that has rained onto the weir above the point in question: typically, this flow is linear in distance measured downward from the weir lip. All liquid raining onto the weir is ultimately returned to the pulp phase as a high-speed jet. The jet velocity scales with the (2/3) power of distance from the weir lip, and is O(K(-2/3)) times larger than the typical velocity in the gravity-dominated flow in the bulk of the flotation tank. The liquid volume fraction in the jet is likewise O(K(-2/3)) larger than that in the bulk. Across the jet, the foam exhibits a known profile of liquid fraction vs. distance from the weir: this is known as the equilibrium profile. The foam requires a distance equivalent to O(K(4/3)) weir lengths to dry out significantly from the wetness value on the weir, but a larger O(K) distance to fall back to a wetness comparable with that in the bulk of the froth.     

Foam droplet separation for nanoparticle synthesis

A novel approach to nanoparticle synthesis was developed whereby foam bubble bursting produced aerosol droplets, an approach patterned after the marine foam aerosol cycle. The droplets were dried to remove solvent, leaving nanometer-sized particles composed of precursor material. Nanoparticles composed of sodium chloride (mean diameter, 100 nm), phosphotungstic acid ( 55 nm), and bovine insulin ( 5–30 nm) were synthesized. Foam droplet separation can be carried out at ambient temperature and pressure. The ‘soft’ nature of the process makes it compatible with a wide range of materials.     

Foam drainage on a sloping weir

The European Physical Journal E - Foam drainage is considered in a froth flotation tank with a sloping weir. The drainage is shown to be gravity dominated in most of the foam, except for thin...