新型多层交错剖分超高压模具的数值模拟及其试验验证

介绍了一种新型的双斜边扇形块式多层交错剖分超高压模具,这种超高压模具是由箍紧环、多层交错剖分的预紧环和双斜边扇形组合压缸3部分构成。分析了双斜边扇形块式多层交错剖分超高压模具的受力情况,并与年轮式超高压模具做对比。结果表明:在相同腔体压力的情况下,双斜边扇形块压缸的等效应力和最大切应力分别降低46.8%和50.9%;双斜边扇形块压缸破坏时的油压为年轮式整体压缸油压的1.78倍;新型多层交错剖分超高压模具可实现大腔体超高压模具的制造,且具有装配方便、维修简单的特点。     

钢丝缠绕剖分式超高压模具等张力预紧分析

针对超高压装置大型化受限于大质量硬质合金加工困难等问题,设计了一种新型的钢丝缠绕剖分式两面顶超高压模具。该模具主要由内部的剖分式压缸和外部的预应力钢丝组成。对采用等张力钢丝缠绕模具进行了力学模型分析,并通过有限元软件对剖分式压缸和钢丝缠绕层进行研究。结果表明:加载后压缸腔体的最大等效应力出现在压缸腔体内壁;压缸腔体尺寸稳定性与钢丝缠绕层数及钢丝直径成正比;在缠绕层内部,钢丝轴向应力与钢丝直径成反比,与缠绕层数成正比。     

棱柱形径向剖分式超高压模具应力分析与实验研究

为了获得更高的承压能力和更大的样品腔容积,在传统年轮式超高压模具的基础上,提出了一种新型棱柱形腔体剖分式超高压模具。其特点在于内部的硬质合金压缸是离散组合式的,且腔体内部的面为平面,可有效减小周向拉应力。压缸剖分块在预紧力的作用下相互挤压,提供了大质量支撑和侧向支撑效果。对剖分成6块的棱柱形腔体剖分式压缸的剖分角度进行了研究,仿真结果表明,剖分角度越大,压缸受力越小。棱柱形腔体剖分式压缸在径向、周向和轴向均承受压应力,其应力条件接近于静水压力状态,可有效提高装置的使用寿命。对压缸的应力分布情况进行进一步分析,发现棱柱形径向剖分式压缸在各方面的表现均最优。经实验验证,相较于年轮式压缸,剖分式压缸具有更高的极限承压能力,并且棱柱形径向剖分式压缸的承压能力大于切向剖分式压缸。     

新型切向分块式两面顶超高压模具

以提高年轮式超高压模具的压力承载能力为目标,设计一种新型切向剖分式模具结构。切向剖分式结构通过剖分面上的相互摩擦和挤压,不仅能够消除压缸内壁的周向拉应力,而且在内壁上产生较大的周向压应力。这种受压状态对硬质合金材料非常有利,可以显著提高压缸的极限承载能力。数值模拟结果显示,在相同的载荷条件下,分块式压缸受到的等效应力显著小于年轮式压缸。分块式压缸内壁的3个主应力均为压应力,且差值较小,接近于等静压状态,因此能够承受更高的样品腔压力。对比实验结果同样证明切向剖分式超高压模具结构具有更高的极限承载能力。     

数字散斑相关方法及其在碳纤维复合材料压力容器变形测量中的应用

提出了一种新的基于图像灰度梯度迭代的数字散斑相关方法(DSCM,digital speckle correlation method)。通过使用DSCM测量碳纤维复合材料压力容器在水压下的局部区域的位移场和应变场,分析了复合材料压力容器的轴向和环向的变形特征,为碳纤维复合材料压力容器的优化设计提供了理论和实验依据。     

基于拓扑优化设计的宽频吸波复合材料

本文基于拓扑优化方法设计并制备了一种宽频吸波复合材料,该吸波复合材料由高强玻璃纤维透波板、电阻损耗型超材料、聚氨酯泡沫和碳纤维反射板组成.仿真及测试结果表明,该吸波复合材料在2–18 GHz频段内的平板反射率均小于-12 dB.并且由于采用高强玻璃纤维及碳纤维复合材料作为面板层,聚氨酯泡沫作为芯材,因此该吸波复合材料不仅在较宽频带内对电磁波具有高的吸收率,同时还具有质量轻、耐高温、耐低温、耐湿热、抗腐蚀等特点,便于实现吸波与力学性能及耐环境性能的兼容,具有一定的工程应用价值.     

超高压碳化钨顶砧新结构的设计与研究

基于高压顶砧设计原理——大质量支撑原理,借助有限元仿真技术,开展了一体式超高压碳化钨顶砧新结构的设计与研究工作。研究结果表明,采用圆角技术以及凹形支撑区技术,设计出的新结构顶砧能够降低传统碳化钨顶砧拐角处的应力集中效应,同时为碳化钨顶砧提供足够的侧向支撑作用,从而大幅提高顶砧的性能;一体式超高压碳化钨顶砧的传压效率较传统顶砧升高58.5%、破裂几率较传统顶砧降低33%、获得的极限腔体压力较传统顶砧升高44.2%,达到9.56GPa。为大腔体、超高压环境下物质新结构与性质研究、新型功能材料的设计与合成研究提供了一种易于操作的可行性方案。     

百吉帕超高压下Ag的X光衍射实验和研究

 详细地介绍了百吉帕超高压实验的方法和步骤。实验是在具有杠杆式的金刚石对顶压砧（DAC）高压装置上完成的。以Ag为样品，进行百吉帕超高压下X光衍射的实验研究。最高压力达121 GPa，并获得了若干有意义的实验曲线和结果。     

滑块式六含八超高压实验装置及其压力温度标定

报道了一种新型六含八超高压实验装置.三柱式的机体框架与滑块式上三下三模具同为三次对称结构,在力学上较为合理.该装置加压时具有自动校准位置能力,同步性和重复性好.模具推动八块硬质合金压砧在叶腊石八面体中产生高压.分别采用Bi丝和ZnTe晶体的压致相变点255,77,96,12 GPa,对截角边长8 mm压砧和125 mm边长叶腊石块组合的实验体系进行了室温下的压力标定,结果表明压力可达12 GPa以上.在10 GPa压力下,用WRe3-WRe25热电偶将温度标定到1560 ℃,并结合铁碳二元相图和钢 关键词： 压力标定 温度标定 六含八多压砧模具 高压装置     

嵌入式薄片模型在时域有限差分算法中的应用

将一等效薄片模型嵌入到时域有限差分算法（FDTD）中,以快速而有效地解决复合材料薄片在电磁计算中的多尺度问题。在该嵌入式薄片模型中,薄片不需要被剖分网格,而是被嵌入到相邻的网格间,从而可以使用相对较大的网格剖分周围物体,进而可节省大量的计算资源。在这一模型中,薄片被等效为一段传输线,并用其频域的导纳矩阵代替。使用数字滤波器理论以及逆Z变换可将频域的导纳矩阵转换到时域,并将其嵌入到时域有限差分算法中。该嵌入式薄片模型被用来计算一单层碳纤维复合材料薄片的反射以及透射性能,并与其解析解进行对比,从而验证该模型的准确性、收敛性以及高效性。该模型被用来计算三种具有不同电参数的单层碳纤维复合材料薄片的屏蔽性能,以研究各电参数对其屏蔽性能的影响。     

烧结烟气脱硫脱硝用活性炭混合钢渣复合材料的光谱学分析

钢渣是冶金工业中产生的主要固体废弃物,其产量约为每年粗钢产量的15%~20%。由于技术的局限,导致我国钢渣利用率较低,仅为年钢渣产量的10%,同时加之管理制度的不健全,导致钢渣大量露天堆放,对土地资源、地下水源,以及空气质量形成严重影响。固体废弃物再利用是资源可持续发展的重要途径之一,钢渣的主要化学成分为CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, Fe2O3, MnO, f-CaO等。面对上述问题,利用冶金固体废弃物与活性炭开发一种价格低廉且性能优越的活性炭混合钢渣复合材料,既是冶金固体废弃物的高附加值利用与资源可持续发展的重要途径之一,也是大幅降低改性活性炭生产成本与提高经济效益的重要途径之一。该研究创新性以活性炭与钢渣为研究对象,利用钢渣中含有的金属氧化物对活性炭进行改性处理制备用于烧结烟气脱硫脱硝的活性炭混合钢渣复合材料,通过搭建实验反应装置对活性炭混合钢渣复合材料的脱硫脱硝性能进行测试。利用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)对钢渣的化学成分进行测试与分析,比表面积及孔径测定仪(BET)对活性炭混合钢渣复合材料的孔结构进行测试与分析,傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)对钢渣的结构组成进行测试与分析,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对活性炭混合钢渣复合材料的微观结构进行测试与分析,以揭示活性炭与钢渣制备活性炭混合钢渣复合材料的机理,以及活性炭混合钢渣复合材料对烧结烟气脱硫脱硝的机理。结果表明:当钢渣为电炉热泼渣、钢渣与活性炭质量比为2∶4、钢渣与活性炭细度为400目时,活性炭混合钢渣复合材料具有良好的脱硫脱硝性能与合理的经济性,即脱硫效率为100%、脱硝效率为58%。活性炭混合钢渣复合材料具有的多孔结构对SO2和NO进行有作用,钢渣中Fe2O3与MnO2促使活性炭官能团进行催化还原反应提高脱硫脱硝性能,其中吸附作用是主导与前提,催化还原反应是辅助与协同。以期为高附加值的钢渣利用提供新途径,实现钢铁企业以废治废、以废增效的目的。     

A miniaturization of the multi-degree-of-freedom ultrasonic actuator using a small cylinder fixed on a substrate

Multi-degree-of-freedom ultrasonic actuator has been studied for robot arms and multidimensional precision table and so on because of its simple structure, silent operation, and holding force. In this study, we aim to miniaturize multi-degree-of-freedom ultrasonic actuator for fabrication on a substrate. This actuator consists of a stainless steel cylinder and a PZT ring. The cylinder is fixed on a substrate and the PZT ring is glued to the substrate near the cylinder. The 1st longitudinal vibration and the 2nd bending vibration are simultaneously excited in the cylinder to make elliptical motion at the top of the cylinder and a ball rotor placed on the cylinder rotates because of the friction force. Length of the cylinder was decided so as to tune the resonance frequency of the 1st longitudinal vibration to the 2nd bending one. Actuator performances are evaluated experimentally using a 14 mm height and 7 mm diameter stainless steel cylinder with a 0.5 mm thickness PZT ring. The rotation about the cylinder axis is tested using the two orthogonal bending vibrations with 90 degrees phase difference. Also, the rotation about horizontal axes were investigated using the combination of the longitudinal vibration and one of two bending vibrations. We measured the rotation speed of a steel ball and obtained 15.8 rps using a 6 mm diameter ball rotor.     

碳纤维-泡沫铝夹芯板低速冲击响应

为研究夹芯结构的低速冲击响应,以碳纤维(T700)/环氧树脂复合材料层合板为上下面板,以闭孔泡沫铝为芯层,模拟夹芯板落锤冲击时的损伤演化过程。复合材料层合板采用三维实体单元建模,基于有限元软件ABAQUS中的用户子程序VUMAT,引入三维Hashin失效准则模拟复合材料的损伤破坏;采用二次应力准则,Cohesive单元模拟黏结层的层间失效;闭孔泡沫铝芯层采用3D Voronoi细观模型建模。分析复合材料夹芯结构在落锤冲击下的损伤起始、损伤扩展和最终破坏模式,通过锤头的接触力、位移、夹芯板的内能、后面板的最大位移研究夹层结构的能量吸收情况及抗冲击特性,得出了在质量保持不变的情况下,5种芯层相对密度和厚度的耦合关系中的最优设计是芯层相对密度15.0%,厚度为10 mm,为满足实际工程中的需求提供了设计依据。     

A Numerical Investigation on the Influence of Steel Fiber Shape and Interface Strength in Reinforced Concrete

Not all steel fiber reinforced concrete composites are equally effective in enhancing structural performance. Their mechanical behaviour strongly depends upon the reinforcement morphology as well as the properties of the interface lying between steel reinforcement and concrete matrix. Using bone-shaped short (BSS) steel fibers, instead of conventional straight short (CSS) steel fibers, to reinforce concrete has demonstrated their potential in improving toughness, ductility and energy absorbing capacity under impact significantly and simultaneously. Accomplishing a strong steel–concrete interface leads to a slight increase in composite strength but simultaneously to a significant decrease in its toughness. Due to the sensitivity of steel reinforced concrete performance on these complex geometric and material parameters, the development of a numerical tool capable of simulating accurately the composite mechanical behaviour and thus leading to optimized design solutions is desirable. The physical problem of the present work involves a typical concrete composite uniformly reinforced with steel fibers subjected to tensional loading. A micromechanical non-linear finite element formulation is utilized in order to predict the load transfer characteristics and the failure process. A linear material behaviour is assumed for the steel component; a non-linear multi-crack material response is used to describe concrete while a mix-mode bilinear behaviour is utilized for the interface providing separation of primary material phases. Numerical results are presented in terms of the global design parameters. The influence of the fiber end shape, the interface strength and the fiber volume fraction on the composite strength and toughness is addressed and consequently optimized design preferences arise.     

复合材料机身结构声学特性及影响参数分析

针对复合材料(以下简称"复材")结构进行声振分析,通过无限大障板理论和波动方程,分析复材平板和曲板结构的传声损失,并利用统计能量法分析壁板的隔声性能,与文献中的实验结果进行对比,验证建模的有效性。然后将复合材料机身结构等效成一个复材圆柱壳体结构,分析不同参数,包括压差、曲率半径、长度、铺层角度、纤维材料、加筋等对结构隔声性能的影响。最后与金属机身结构进行隔声性能对比,发现:在环频率与吻合效应频率之间,金属机身结构的传声损失明显大于复材机身结构,而在吻合效应频率以上频段,由于复材结构的吻合效应频率向低频移动,其传声损失好于金属机身结构。     

碳纤维复合材料用于光学镜面

介绍了从 2 0世纪 80年代初开始 ,国际上将碳纤维复合材料用于光学镜面中的现有的技术水平及国内的现状 ,提出了碳纤维复合材料用于光学镜面将有可能达到的精度以及所开展的工作。     

A Fluoropolymer Coating on Carbon Fibers Improves Their Adhesive Interaction with PTFE Matrix

Carbon fibers were treated in a HF glow discharge in tetrafluoroethylene and octafluorocyclobutane in order to improve their adhesion to poly(tetrafluoroethylene) matrix. As the result of the plasma treatment, a thin (20–140 nm) fluoropolymer coating was deposited onto the fiber surface. The structure of this coating was studied by means of IR spectroscopy, XPS, AFM and SEM techniques. The coating material appeared to be similar to PTFE in its chemical composition but distinguished by branched, partially crosslinked, amorphous structure and included unsaturated chemical bonds. The coating thickness of 70 nm was sufficient to effectively screen the field of molecular forces of the initial substrate, thus, decreasing the surface energy of the fibers and improving their compatibility with the PTFE matrix. The adhesive strength in the PTFE–carbon fiber systems, measured by means of the microbond test, more than doubled upon the plasma treatment (the local interfacial shear strength increased from 10.7 to 29.7 MPa, apparent IFSS from 4.3 to 7.8 MPa), and the interfacial frictional stress increased by 70%. The new composite material consisting of 20% short coated carbon fibers in the PTFE matrix showed better mechanical, thermal and tribological characteristics as compared with the composite reinforced with untreated fibers.     

Modelling the interaction in a benzene dimer

The interaction between aromatic rings is a fundamental problem in material science and biochemistry. These interactions are generally found to stabilise protein molecules and the double helical structure of DNA, and they also play an important role in the recognition processes in biological and non-biological systems. However, the complexity and variety in the structures and components of aromatic compounds are major obstacles to investigating their interactions. In this study, the simplest case of aromatic interactions, which is the interaction between two benzene rings, is modelled using a continuous approximation. Assuming a constant atomic surface density and modelling the structure of a benzene molecule as a combination of two rings, namely an inner carbon ring and an outer hydrogen ring, the van der Waals interaction between any two benzene rings can be obtained as the sum of four interactions. The major result obtained here is an analytical expression for the potential energy which can then be used to predict equilibrium configurations for two interacting benzene molecules. Moreover, we find that at sufficiently large distances between the two benzene molecules, the orientational angle φ at which the interaction energy is a minimum can be approximated by the arctan of the ratio of two separation distances in two mutually perpendicular directions.