基于小波变换的舰船辐射噪声特征提取

本文将小波变换用于舰船辐射噪声特征分析。先用Mallat快速算法实现信号的多尺度分解,然后进行各级小波的谱特征和波形结构特征提取,最后将这些特征与原始信号的特征输入同一类型神经网络分类器,进行分类比较。结果表明,小波变换使信号的谱类别特征和波形结构特征有了明显增强,且能压缩特征空间的维数。     

非下采样小波变换红外光谱数据去噪

为了降低噪声对实测红外光谱信号的影响,引入了一种非下采样小波变换的红外光谱数据去噪方法。采用非下采样小波变换对原始光谱信号进行多尺度分解,提取信号的多尺度细节特征;根据光谱信号和噪声在不同尺度上的差异,通过应用变分偏微分方程方法调整分解后的各子带系数;重构各子带就可以将原始光谱信号中真实信号和噪声分离,从而达到剔除噪声的目的。通过两组实验对比传统小波和该方法针对红外光谱数据的消噪效果,实验结果表明:非下采样小波变换在红外光谱数据去噪方面具有明显的优势,不仅能够有效地去除噪声,很好地保持信号的形状,并且均方误差较小;在实际的红外光谱数据处理中能够获得较好的去噪效果。     

利用小波多尺度分解算法实现混沌系统的噪声减缩

应用小波多尺度分解算法进行噪声减缩,从混沌背景中分离周期信号、噪声及其他混沌信号.小波多尺度分解算法能够区分不同尺度的信号是利用小波变换在时、频两域具有突出信号特征的能力以及小波变换是一线性变换的特点.提出的方法仅利用信号的尺度特性,克服了先前的噪声减缩要知道产生混沌信号的数学模型,并且要求叠加在混沌背景中的其他信号的幅度相对混沌背景信号的幅度很小的假定.给出了从Lorenz混沌背景中提取正弦信号、白噪声和Chua's电路产生的混沌信号的计算机模拟结果. 关键词：     

超声探伤信号的人工神经网络识别

粗晶奥氏体不锈钢的超声探伤受到能否有效区分有用信号与背影噪声的限制，目前人们大多倾向使用频率分隔来提高缺陷回波比例。本文则介绍一种用傅里叶变换作特征提取，用前馈网络自动识别奥氏体钢中缺陷信号的方法。在作者的实验中，这种方法的正确识别率达到９０％。     

小波能量积累器在信号处理中的应用

 根据小波变换的多尺度分解特性,提出了多尺度小波能量积累器的概念,并给出了相应的多尺度小波能量积累算法,将信号在不同分解尺度上的小波能量进行积累。在此基础上设计出一种适用于各种雷达,尤其是微波雷达弱信号处理的小波能量检测算法,对低信噪比信号检测进行了仿真实验。结果表明,该检测算法对强白噪声及强色噪声背景下的低信噪比信号的检测非常有效。     

基于小波变换的人体步态序列提取

将小波变换用于处理人体行走时产生的加速度信号.利用离散小波变换的多尺度、多分辨率特性对原始加速度信号进行尺度分解,在对小波基以及分解尺度进行合理选取后准确地从加速度信号中提取出隐藏的步态节律.与利用阈值法直接对原始加速度信号提取峰值的算法比较后发现：利用小波分解得到与步态节律相关的特征尺度后再进行峰值检测能显著地提高信号峰值的检出率;即使当原始信号存在较严重的噪声干扰时,该方法也能保证所提取出的步态序列的准确性.这对于步态序列的后续分析具有至关重要的意义.研究表明,离散小波变换是一种有效的提取步态节律的方 关键词： 小波变换 步态序列 峰值检测 特征尺度     

小波变换极大模图在射线检测中用于缺陷边缘提取

提出射线底片在C^a空间中的灰度信号模型，验证灰度信号不同组分的小波变换模值分辨分析尺度变化的规律。从射线底片的背景信号和高频噪声中提取了边缘信息。     

基于指数尺度间隔连续小波变换的相位提取算法

只需要一幅调制图像的光栅投影测量方法主要有傅里叶变换轮廓术(FTP)、小波变换轮廓术(WTP)等。采用基于指数尺度间隔的连续小波变换与重构方法,提取调制图像的瞬时相位。针对指数尺度间隔连续小波变换,指出了足够大的噪声能够改变小波变换脊的位置,并且该脊向上移动的概率最大。因此,为了重构载频信号,选择脊及其紧邻的较大的那个尺度所对应的小波系数,采用灰度图像阈值分割中最大类间方差法(OTSU),剔除掉幅值较小的系数;针对斑点噪声的影响,对OTSU算法的结果进行了修正;使用修正后的系数集合重构载频信号,并计算该信号的瞬时相位。理论分析和实验结果表明算法有效且具有稳健性。     

非线性时间序列的小波分频预测

基于噪声的小波变换特点，结合小波包分解和模极大重构来抽取含噪信号的主分量，提出了一种基于最佳尺度分解和Volterra自适应滤波的分频预测算法，使用较少的模型训练样本，同时具有强的抗噪能力.该算法克服了传统小波分解尺度选取的盲目性及单纯Volterra预测器抗噪性能的不足，数值仿真表明，针对含强噪声的非线性信号可进行有效预测. 关键词： 小波分解 Volterra自适应滤波器 分频预测     

导向钻井下传信号Haar提升小波去噪研究

针对导向钻井下行通信中信号传输存在多种噪声的问题,提出了一种基于多尺度Haar小波提升变换的信号去噪方法;在分析变钻井液排量下行通信信号传输噪声特点的基础上,给出了Haar小波的提升变换方案、信号去噪的原理及实现步骤,利用Haar多尺度提升小波变换实现了对井下接收的由排量变化三降三升过程构成的下传信号的去噪处理;对比实验结果表明,该方法既能有效滤除噪声,又能保持钻井液排量三降三升变化过程构成的下传信号其脉冲沿的位置和脉宽不失真,保证了对下传信号的有效识别。     

Wavelet filter-based weak signature detection method and its application on rolling element bearing prognostics

De-noising and extraction of the weak signature are crucial to fault prognostics in which case features are often very weak and masked by noise. The wavelet transform has been widely used in signal de-noising due to its extraordinary time-frequency representation capability. In this paper, the performance of wavelet decomposition-based de-noising and wavelet filter-based de-noising methods are compared based on signals from mechanical defects. The comparison result reveals that wavelet filter is more suitable and reliable to detect a weak signature of mechanical impulse-like defect signals, whereas the wavelet decomposition de-noising method can achieve satisfactory results on smooth signal detection. In order to select optimal parameters for the wavelet filter, a two-step optimization process is proposed. Minimal Shannon entropy is used to optimize the Morlet wavelet shape factor. A periodicity detection method based on singular value decomposition (SVD) is used to choose the appropriate scale for the wavelet transform. The signal de-noising results from both simulated signals and experimental data are presented and both support the proposed method.     

基于小波边缘提取的灰度图象联合相关识别预处理

本文将小波变换方法用于灰度图象的联合变换相关识别中,采用不同的尺度因子对输入图象进行边缘提取预处理,使相关识别结果得到不同程度的改善.通过计算机模拟对比了一阶、二阶微商的边缘提取方法和小波变换边缘提取方法的预处理结果和对识别的影响,在同时衡量相关识别能力及其对噪音的敏感性前提下,小波变换边缘提取预处理明显优于各种微商边缘提取方法.调节小波变换尺度因子还能使识别能力与噪音敏感性这两方面得到更好地均衡,使小波变换边缘提取预处理能够适应不同的图象输入条件和相关输出要求.结果表明,在联合变换相关识别中采用小波变换对输入图象进行预处理是一种更理想的方法。     

基于稀疏表示的谱线自动提取方法

谱线提取在光谱分析中起着非常重要的作用，它对后续的光谱分类和参数测量有着直接的影响。文章提出了一种基于稀疏表示的谱线自动提取方法。首先，用基于稀疏表示的小波去噪方法去除噪声，该方法通过对光谱信号对应的小波系数进行稀疏化处理来达到去噪的目的，其优点是在处理小波系数时虽然将其作为整体进行考虑，但依然能保持小波系数的局部特性不变，所以在去噪的同时很好地保持了特征谱线的信息。其次，利用小波变换与样条拟合相结合的方法拟合出较为满意的伪连续谱，该方法在拟合过程中，先将强谱线扣除掉，从而使得拟合结果非常接近真实的连续谱。最后，通过对归一化后的谱线光谱设置自适应局部阈值来提取特征谱线。实验结果表明该方法切实有效。     

基于小波变换的蓝宝石荧光光纤温度计

采用激光加热小基座法生长出掺Cr3+的蓝宝石光纤荧光温度传感头，它具有结构紧凑，耐高温等特点，测温范围从室温到450℃。使用基于小波变换的数据处理方法，有效去除信号中的噪声，提高了信噪比。在对荧光测温机理和有关光纤技术进行分析的基础上，采用与调制荧光信号相关的双参考源相位锁定测量方案，可在无激励光干扰的情况下对荧光寿命进行实时测量。根据噪音和信号在小波变换下表现出的不同性质，提出以小波变换为基础的温度信号特征提取及消噪方法。与其它处理方法相比，小波变换方法可以克服傅里叶变换对突变信号不起作用的缺点，同时又比Gabor变换具有可变窗口的优点。该方法可以缩短测量时间，提高测量分辨率。     

Second generation wavelet transform-based pitch period estimation and voiced/unvoiced decision for speech signals

Pitch detection is an important part of speech recognition and speech processing. In this paper, a pitch detection algorithm based on second generation wavelet transform was developed. The proposed algorithm reduces the computational load of those algorithms that were based on classical wavelet transform. The proposed pitch detection algorithm was tested for both real speech and synthetic speech signal. Some experiments were carried out under noisy environment condition to evaluate the accuracy and robustness of the proposed algorithm. Results showed that the proposed algorithm was robust to noise and provided accurate estimates of the pitch period for both low-pitched and high-pitched speakers. Moreover, different wavelet filters that were obtained using second generation wavelet transform were considered to see the effects of them on the proposed algorithm. It was noticed that Haar filter showed good performance as compared to the other wavelet filters.     

Adaptive window-length detection of underwater transients using wavelets

This paper describes a detection method that adapts to unknown characteristics of the underlying transient signal, such as location, length, and time-frequency content. It applies a set of embedded detectors tuned to a number of signal partitions. The detectors are based on the wavelet theory, whereby two different techniques are examined, one using local Fourier transform and the other using discrete wavelet transform. The detection statistics are computed so as to enable prewhitening of unknown colored noise and to allow for a constant false-alarm rate detection. An adapted segmentation of the signal is next obtained with a goal of finding the largest detection statistics within each segment of the partition. The detectors are tested using several underwater acoustic transient signals buried in ambient sea noise.     

Ultrasonic flaw detection using threshold modified S-transform

Interference noising originating from the ultrasonic testing defect signal seriously influences the accuracy of the signal extraction and defect location. Time–frequency analysis methods are mainly used to improve the defects detection resolution. In fact, the S-transform, a hybrid of the Short time Fourier transform (STFT) and wavelet transform (WT), has a time frequency resolution which is far from ideal. In this paper, a new modified S-transform based on thresholding technique, which offers a better time frequency resolution compared to the original S-transform is proposed. The improvement is achieved by the introduction of a new scaling rule for the Gaussian window used in S-transform. Simulation results are presented and show correct time frequency information of multiple Gaussian echoes under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environment. In addition, experimental results demonstrate better and reliable detection of close echoes drowned in the noise.