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前言 我在北京的碧云寺、武汉的归元寺、杭州的净慈寺和成都的宝光寺都见到了一种"神仙"聚会的地方--"罗汉堂",数百位雕塑得栩栩如生、形态各异的罗汉"欢聚"一堂,让参观者仿佛置身于众神仙的保佑之中,从而得到了安全感、满足感和幸福感。 相似文献
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地球上真有一个叫"黑洞"的地方,在印度的加尔各答.那是一栋建筑内的一间石砌的囚室,英国殖民者用来关押犯人,通常可以关押3~4人.1757年围绕这栋建筑发生了一场可怕的战斗.武装的印度民众与英军进行了血战.战斗结束后,死伤惨重的胜利者愤怒地把146名战败者塞进了这间囚室,关押了10个小时.第二天早晨,只有23名俘虏从"黑洞"中活着出来[1,2]. 相似文献
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8 时间测量的基础--"约定光速"
相对论诞生之后,人们逐渐认识到不仅时间的测量有问题,空间的测量也存在问题.一根尺在不同的地方,长度是否一样,尺子在移动过程中长度会不会改变,都成了需要深思的问题. 相似文献
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We investigate the particle and kinetic-energy densities for N noninteracting fermions confined in a local potential. Using Gutzwiller's semiclassical Green function, we describe the oscillating parts of the densities in terms of closed nonperiodic classical orbits. We derive universal relations between the oscillating parts of the densities for potentials with spherical symmetry in arbitrary dimensions and a "local virial theorem" valid also for arbitrary nonintegrable potentials. We give simple analytical formulas for the density oscillations in a one-dimensional potential. 相似文献
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Rainer Verch 《Communications in Mathematical Physics》1994,160(3):507-536
We prove that the GNS-representations of quasifree, Hadamard states on the Weyl-algebra of the quantized Klein-Gordon field propagating in an arbitrary globally hyperbolic spacetime are locally quasiequivalent. We also show that these representations satisfy local primarity and local definiteness if the spacetime is assumed to be ultrastatic. This implies that the local von Neumann algebras associated with these representations are typeIII
1-factors for sufficiently small regions in ultrastatic spacetimes.Supported by the DFG, SFB 288 Differentialgeometrie und Quantenphysik 相似文献
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Albert Schwarz 《Letters in Mathematical Physics》2016,106(9):1181-1197
We formulate axioms of conformal theory (CT) in dimensions >2 modifying Segal’s axioms for two-dimensional CFT. (In the definition of higher-dimensional CFT, one includes also a condition of existence of energy-momentum tensor.) We use these axioms to derive the AdS/CT correspondence for local theories on AdS. We introduce a notion of weakly local quantum field theory and construct a bijective correspondence between conformal theories on the sphere Sd and weakly local quantum field theories on \({H^{d+1}}\) that are invariant with respect to isometries. (Here \({H^{d+1}}\) denotes hyperbolic space = Euclidean AdS space.) We give an expression of AdS correlation functions in terms of CT correlation functions. The conformal theory has conserved energy-momentum tensor iff the AdS theory has graviton in its spectrum. 相似文献
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A soft impurity in a host crystal undergoing a second-order displacive phase transition may induce a freezing-out of local order at temperatures above the bulk transition temperature [1]. We show that in MFA this local phase transition is of first order, i.e. the local order appears discontinuously, and the stability limit of the disordered phase against local ordering lies below the stability limit of the locally ordered phase, if the representation of the impurity coordinate contains a third-order invariant, but the space-group representation of the soft optical phonon does not. This situation occurs for example for anE
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-type impurity coordinate coupling to a soft zone-edge or zone-corner phonon driving an antiferrodistortive transition. The theory is applied to the specific case of a Jahn-Teller impurity in a non-Jahn-Teller host crystal. 相似文献
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In certain topological effects the accumulation of a quantum phase shift is accompanied by a local observable effect. We show that such effects manifest a complementarity between nonlocal and local attributes of the topology, which is reminiscent but different from the usual wave-particle complementarity. This complementarity is not a consequence of noncommutativity, rather it is due to the noncanonical nature of the observables. We suggest that a local/nonlocal complementarity is a general feature of topological effects that are "dual" to the Aharonov-Bohm effect. 相似文献
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We elucidate the close connection between the repulsive lattice gas in equilibrium statistical mechanics and the Lovász local lemma in probabilistic combinatorics. We show that the conclusion of the Lovász local lemma holds for dependency graph G and probabilities {px} if and only if the independent-set polynomial for G is nonvanishing in the polydisc of radii {px}. Furthermore, we show that the usual proof of the Lovász local lemma – which provides a sufficient condition for this to occur – corresponds to a simple inductive argument for the nonvanishing of the independent-set polynomial in a polydisc, which was discovered implicitly by Shearer(98) and explicitly by Dobrushin.(37,38) We also present some refinements and extensions of both arguments, including a generalization of the Lovász local lemma that allows for soft dependencies. In addition, we prove some general properties of the partition function of a repulsive lattice gas, most of which are consequences of the alternating-sign property for the Mayer coefficients. We conclude with a brief discussion of the repulsive lattice gas on countably infinite graphs. 相似文献
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We propose a method for simulating (2+1)D compact lattice quantum-electrodynamics, using ultracold atoms in optical lattices. In our model local Bose-Einstein condensates' (BECs) phases correspond to the electromagnetic vector potential, and the local number operators represent the conjugate electric field. The well-known gauge-invariant Kogut-Susskind Hamiltonian is obtained as an effective low-energy theory. The field is then coupled to external static charges. We show that in the strong coupling limit this gives rise to "electric flux tubes" and to confinement. This can be observed by measuring the local density deviations of the BECs, and is expected to hold even, to some extent, outside the perturbative calculable regime. 相似文献
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Grigorieva IV Geim AK Dubonos SV Novoselov KS Vodolazov DY Peeters FM Kes PH Hesselberth M 《Physical review letters》2004,92(23):237001
We report a new nonlocal effect in vortex matter, where an electric current confined to a small region of a long and sufficiently narrow superconducting wire causes vortex flow at distances hundreds of intervortex separations away. The observed remote traffic of vortices is attributed to a very efficient transfer of a local strain through the one-dimensional vortex lattice (VL), even in the presence of disorder. We also observe mesoscopic fluctuations in the nonlocal vortex flow, which arise due to "traffic jams" when vortex arrangements do not match a local geometry of a superconducting channel. 相似文献
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We present a generalization of the double semion topological quantum field theory to higher dimensions, as a theory of \({d-1}\) dimensional surfaces in a d dimensional ambient space. We construct a local Hamiltonian that is a sum of commuting projectors and analyze the excitations and the ground state degeneracy. Defining a consistent set of local rules requires the sign structure of the ground state wavefunction to depend not just on the number of disconnected surfaces, but also upon their higher Betti numbers through the semicharacteristic. For odd d the theory is related to the toric code by a local unitary transformation, but for even d the dimension of the space of zero energy ground states is in general different from the toric code and for even \({d > 2}\) it is also in general different from that of the twisted \({Z_2}\) Dijkgraaf–Witten model. 相似文献