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HA纳米微粒对PEG-600低温保护剂反玻璃化结晶的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了研究羟基磷灰石HA纳米微粒对低温保护剂反玻璃化结晶的影响,本文利用DSC和低温显微镜研究了含有不同粒径(20nm、40nm、60nm)和不同质量浓度(0.1%、0.2%、0.4%、0.8%)HA纳米微粒的PEG-600(50%,w/w)溶液反玻璃化过程中的结晶现象.试验结果表明:与未添加纳米微粒的PEG-600溶液相比,加入40nm、0.4%纳米微粒的HA-PEG600溶液的反玻璃化温度升高了7℃;加入20nm、0.4%和40nm、0.8%纳米微粒的HA-PEG600溶液的冰晶生长速率分别降低了35%和提高了50%;纳米低温保护剂溶液的冰晶形貌从大圆形变成了小圆形、枝晶或小圆形中夹带枝晶. 相似文献
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文中以有效介质近似理论为基础,考虑了纳米颗粒在基液中强烈的B rown ian运动对强化传热的作用和纳米颗粒的表面吸附液体层、纳米颗粒的粒径和体积分数对纳米悬浮液有效导热系数的影响,建立了预测纳米悬浮液有效导热系数的模型,通过对纳米CuO-去离子水溶液的验证,发现该模型比几种经典模型具有更高的精度,因此具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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抑制共晶产生对低温保存非常重要。本文利用差示扫描量热法研究了加低温保护剂(DMSO、乙二醇、 1,2丙二醇、甘油和1,3丁二醇)的NaCl水溶液的共晶行为。得到以5%、10%、15%NaCl水溶液为母液的五种保护剂溶液热流曲线图。研究发现,溶液共晶是过冷、随机过程。低温保护剂有抑制NaCl水溶液共晶的作用。低温保护剂浓度越高, 共晶焓越小,对共晶的抑制作用越大。不同种类保护剂的抑制共晶的能力从强到弱依次是甘油、乙二醇、 DMSO、 1,2 丙二醇和1,3丁二醇。升温过程中,溶液发生共晶反玻璃化现象和玻璃化现象。 相似文献
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纳米流体中悬浮的纳米颗粒可以增强其导热性能已经得到广泛认可,然而纳米流体颗粒增强传热的机理目前尚不清楚.研究表明,纳米颗粒的聚集是纳米流体导热系数增大的重要机制,而且纳米颗粒聚集的形态对纳米流体的导热系数有重要影响,但是目前的导热系数模型大多是建立在Maxwell有效介质理论的"静态"和"均匀分散"假设基础上.本文用平衡分子动力学模拟Cu-Ar纳米流体,采用Green-Kubo公式计算导热系数,采用Schmidt-Ott关系式计算不同聚集形态下的分形维数.对比导热系数与分形维数可以发现:在相同体积分数下,较低的分形维数会有更高的导热系数,分析了分形维数与导热系数的定量关系.此外,通过径向分布函数可以看出纳米颗粒紧密聚集与松散聚集的差异,基液分子在纳米颗粒附近的纳米薄层中处于动态平衡状态.研究结果有助于理解纳米颗粒聚集形态对导热系数的影响机理. 相似文献
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A four-phase confocal elliptical cylinder model is proposed from which a generalised self-consistent method is developed for predicting the thermal conductivity of coated fibre reinforced composites. The method can account for the influence of the fibre section shape ratio on conductivity, and the physical reasonableness of the model is demonstrated by using the fibre distribution function. An exact solution is obtained for thermal conductivity by applying conformal mapping and Laurent series expansion techniques of the analytic function. The solution to the three-phase confocal elliptical model, which simulates composites with idealised fibre–matrix interfaces, is arrived at as the degenerated case. A comparison with other available micromechanics methods, Hashin and Shtrikman's bounds and experimental data shows that the present method provides convergent and reasonable results for a full range of variations in fibre section shapes and for a complete spectrum of the fibre volume fraction. Numerical results show the dependence of the effective conductivities of composites on the aspect ratio of coated fibres and demonstrate that a coating is effective in enhancing the thermal transport property of a composite. The present solutions are helpful to analysis and design of composites. 相似文献
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利用水热法生成了形状规则、粒径均匀的球形ZnO纳米颗粒, 并超声分散于水中, 制备得到稳定的水基ZnO纳米流体. 实验测量水基ZnO纳米流体在体积分数和温度变化时的电导率, 并测试室温下水基ZnO纳米流体在不同体积分数下的热导率. 实验结果表明, ZnO纳米颗粒的添加较大地提高了基液(纯水)的热导率和电导率, 水基ZnO纳米流体的电导率随纳米颗粒体积分数增加呈非线性增加关系, 而电导率随温度变化呈现出拟线性关系; 纳米流体的热导率与纳米颗粒体积分数增加呈近似线性增加关系. 本文在经典Maxwell热导模型和布朗动力学理论的基础上, 同时考虑了吸附层、团聚体和布朗运动等因素对热导率的影响, 提出了热导率修正模型.将修正模型预测值与实验值对比, 结果表明修正模型可以较为准确地计算出纳米流体的热导率.
关键词:
水热法
电导率
热导率
热导模型 相似文献
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Gang Chen Wenhua Yu Dileep Singh David Cookson Jules Routbort 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2008,10(7):1109-1114
Knowledge of the size and distribution of nanoparticles in solution is critical to understanding the observed enhancements
in thermal conductivity and heat transfer of nanofluids. We have applied small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to the characterization
of SiO2 nanoparticles (10–30 nm) uniformly dispersed in a water-based fluid using the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National
Laboratory. Size distributions for the suspended nanoparticles were derived by fitting experimental data to an established
model. Thermal conductivity of the SiO2 nanofluids was also measured, and the relation between the average particle size and the thermal conductivity enhancement
was established. The experimental data contradict models based on fluid interfacial layers or Brownian motion but support
the concept of thermal resistance at the liquid–particle interface. 相似文献
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Thermal conductivity enhancement in colloidal silica dispersions (nanofluids) is investigated experimentally using a novel
optical technique. The effects of nanoparticle size, concentration, and state of aggregation are examined. New data on well
dispersed systems are compared to published data obtained using the more conventional transient hot-wire technique and good
agreement was found. Experimental results are also compared with model predictions for relative thermal conductivity based
on effective medium theory. For systems composed of larger diameter nanoparticles (~30 nm), good agreement was found between
the measured thermal conductivity enhancement and that predicted by the classical Maxwell-Garnett model. For systems composed
of smaller nanoparticles (∼10 and 20 nm), thermal conductivity enhancement was reduced by as much as 10%, presumably because
interfacial thermal resistance effects become important. Measurements on two systems that were induced to form gels exhibited
an increase in thermal conductivity of approximately 5% relative to the well-dispersed systems. The observed increase in thermal
conductivity is larger than that predicted by a recently proposed model for aggregated nanofluids. 相似文献
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本文建立了低维薄膜材料导热模型,运用非平衡分子动力学模拟的方法,利用lanmmps软件对单层石墨烯纳米带的导热特性进行仿真分析,根据Fourier定律计算热导率,再对石墨烯纳米带的原子施加一定耦合应力场,把应力耦合作用下的石墨烯热导率与正常的石墨烯纳米带进行了对比研究,模拟数据结果表明:在石墨烯纳米带上施加耦合应力时,会导致石墨烯纳米带热导率升高,且随应力增加而增大,模拟范围内热导率升高2.61倍,并且应力方向会对热导率变化产生一定影响,这个研究为纳米尺度上石墨烯相关研究和进一步提升热导率提供了新思路. 相似文献
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T. S. Pan Y. Zhang J. Huang M. Gao Y. Lin 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2014,114(3):973-978
Fabricating composite thin films is an effective and economic solution to improve the thermal performance of the films. The diamond particles of different sizes were successfully embedded in AlN thin films by a chemical solution approach, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscope, x-ray diffraction analysis and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The thermal properties of the films embedded with different diamond particles were studied by using a 3-omega method, which was observed to be strongly dependent on the particle size. A 19 % enhancement in thermal conductivity can be achieved by embedding diamond particles of 1-μm radius in AlN thin films. However, the thermal conductivity decreases after embedding with 10-nm radius diamond particles. The results are discussed with high volume model, which confirms that the interface thermal resistance between the embedded materials and the films plays an important role in determining the thermal conductivity of the as-grown carbon material embedded AlN films. 相似文献
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Evgeny M. Apfelbaum 《等离子体物理论文集》2019,59(4-5)
The thermophysical properties of low‐temperature Pb plasma are calculated at temperatures 10–100 kK and densities below 0.2 of the solid‐state value. The thermodynamic values (pressure and internal energy) and transport coefficients (electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and thermal power) are considered. The plasma composition and thermodynamic parameters are obtained within the chemical approach, namely by means of the solution of the corresponding system of the coupled mass action law equations. Atom ionization up to +4 is taken into consideration. The electronic transport coefficients are calculated within the relaxation time approximation. The results obtained by means of the present model are compared with the available data of other models and experiments. 相似文献
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An improved theoretical model has been used to analyse the high-temperature thermal conductivity of dopedn-type lead telluride in terms of the separate contributions from electrons and phonons. At high carrier concentrations the electronic thermal conductivity is significant and the non-parabolic nature of the energy bands must be included to obtain a reasonable agreement with experimental thermal conductivity data. Although acoustic phonon scattering is the dominant carrier scattering mechanism, the inclusion of polar optical mode scattering further improves the agreement between the theoretical results and experimental data. The improved model is employed to estimate the effect of grain-boundary scattering in reducing the thermal conductivity of small-grain-size material. At optimum doping the thermal conductivity of 1 m grain size unalloyed lead telluride would be reduced by approximately 5% compared with the single-crystal data.On leave from the University of Allahabad, India 相似文献
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A. V. Nomoev S. P. Bardakhanov V. V. Syzrantsev V. Ts. Lygdenov 《Journal of Engineering Thermophysics》2016,25(2):174-181
Results of measuring the thermal conductivity coefficient of silica dioxide Tarkosil T-50 nanopowder by a laser flash technique are reported. Experimental data on thermal conductivity of nanopowder in vacuum, in different gas media, and at different temperatures were obtained. Comparative analysis of thermal conductivity was performed for the T-50 nanopowder and materials with close density values. Based on the experimental data, we obtained a mathematical model to determine the thermal conductivity coefficient of T-50 nanopowder in different gas media. 相似文献