Appearances of internal micro bubbling, multiple micro explosions, multiple micro jets and micro diffusion flames around an abruptly heated micro plastic-resin particle

Heating, gasifying and burning processes of a micro plastic-resin particle, which has a diameter of about 200 μm and is suddenly exposed to a hot oxidizing atmosphere, are observed and optically processed by combining a micro schlieren system with a high-speed CCD video camera. The following three devised approaches are introduced: the use of an oxidizing combustion gas downstream of a spark-ignited propane–air lean premixed flame as a sudden heat source, the use of a spherically reformed micro particle on a fine tungsten wire of 5 μm diameter, and the use of a simultaneous direct and schlieren optical system. The first technique realizes slow heating and enables a micro resin particle to undergo the same circumstances as those experienced by plastic-resin particles in the plastic-resin powder combustion. The second approach improves the accuracy and reproducibility of image processing, whereas the third optical system gives simultaneous pictures of the transparent visible image and the schlieren image around a micro resin particle of one heating process. The results show that there exists intense multiple internal bubbling, multiple micro explosions, multiple micro jets and micro diffusion flames, and that their existence exerts strong influences on gasification characteristics of a micro resin particle and results in a high burning rate constant.     

转镜式高速相机在爆炸实验中的某些应用

本文介绍了转镜式高速相机在爆炸实验中的应用情况。阐明了这些相机使用时配备的各种主要附加装置,并举例说明了所得到的实验结果。     

Wide range instantaneous temperature measurements of convective fluid flows by using a schlieren system based in color images

In the schlieren method, the deflection of light by the presence of an inhomogeneous medium is proportional to the gradient of its refractive index. Such deflection, in a schlieren system, is represented by light intensity variations on the observation plane. Then, for a digital camera, the intensity level registered by each pixel depends mainly on the variation of the medium refractive index and the status of the digital camera settings. Therefore, in this study, we regulate the intensity value of each pixel by controlling the camera settings such as exposure time, gamma and gain values in order to calibrate the image obtained to the actual temperature values of a particular medium. In our approach, we use a color digital camera. The images obtained with a color digital camera can be separated on three different color-channels. Each channel corresponds to red, green, and blue color, moreover, each one has its own sensitivity. The differences in sensitivity allow us to obtain a range of temperature values for each color channel. Thus, high, medium and low sensitivity correspond to green, blue, and red color channel respectively. Therefore, by adding up the temperature contribution of each color channel we obtain a wide range of temperature values. Hence, the basic idea in our approach to measure temperature, using a schlieren system, is to relate the intensity level of each pixel in a schlieren image to the corresponding knife-edge position measured at the exit focal plane of the system. Our approach was applied to the measurement of instantaneous temperature fields of the air convection caused by a heated rectangular metal plate and a candle flame. We found that for the metal plate temperature measurements only the green and blue color-channels were required to sense the entire phenomena. On the other hand, for the candle case, the three color-channels were needed to obtain a complete measurement of temperature. In our study, the candle temperature was took as reference and it was found that the maximum temperature value obtained for green, blue and red color-channel was ∼275.6, ∼412.9, and ∼501.3 °C, respectively.     

FPGA在视频监控系统中的应用与设计

针对现有的视频监控系统具有性能低,灵活性差,不便更新,开发成本高,可靠性低的问题,设计了一种基于现场可编程门阵列FPGA的视频监控系统。该系统首先利用CMOS摄像头OV7670获取模拟视频图像,双端口SDRAM对图像数据进行缓存,然后利用FPGA对视频信号处理能力强,集成度高,灵活性强,并行处理等特点实现对视频信号的处理,进而达到最终在VGA显示器上显示的效果。与其他视频监控设备相比,该系统能够高效的实现视频监控,而且具有实时性高,成本低,可靠性强等优点。     

Review and update of lens and grid schlieren and motion camera schlieren

Optical density variation in fluids and transparent solids can often be studied by examining the effect of refraction of light passing through the medium. The schlieren technique has proven to be particularly well suited for these applications, and has been widely used for wind-tunnel studies. Newer variations of this technique have extended it to a wide range of applications. The lens and grid schlieren systems have been used to examine aerodynamic flow fields that were previously difficult to study with conventional schlieren systems. Motion camera schlieren was developed to obtain the flow field around aircraft in flight and rocket sleds. This paper gives an up to date review of the background and development of the lens and grid schlieren and motion camera schlieren techniques and includes examples of many of the flows studied using the techniques, including some previously unpublished ones. In addition, some preliminary results from new versions of both types of systems are described.     

纹影法测量远场焦斑实验研究

 报导了用纹影法测量远场焦斑的实验结果。远场焦斑经成像透镜放大成像后，由12bit，1 024×1 024面阵科学级CCD相机采集。将一定大小的小球放置在焦斑位置，用以遮挡光斑中心，控制CCD前的衰减可得旁瓣信息，将其与无遮挡光斑拼接，得到焦斑相对强度的完整分布。该方法扩展了焦斑光强测试的动态范围，可探测焦斑约4个量级的光能密度分布，提高了焦斑的测量精度。     

Videokymography: High-speed line scanning of vocal fold vibration

A digital technique for high-speed visualization of vibration, called videokymography, was developed and applied to the vocal folds. The system uses a modified video camera able to work in two modes: high-speed (nearly 8,000 images/s) and standard (50 images/s in CCIR norm). In the high-speed mode, the camera selects one active horizontal line (transverse to the glottis) from the whole laryngeal image. The successive line images are presented in real time on a commercial TV monitor, filling each video frame from top to bottom. The system makes it possible to observe left-right asymmetries, open quotient, propagation of mucosal waves, movement of the upper and, in the closing phase, the lower margins of the vocal folds, etc. The technique is suitable for further processing and quantification of recorded vibration.     

基于改进的Canny算子实时视频边缘检测系统在FPGA上的设计与实现

为了提高图像边缘检测的性能,缩短处理时间,提出了一种基于FPGA的实时视频边缘检测系统。该系统以EP2C8Q208C8为实验硬件平台,首先采用摄像头OV7670获取模拟视频数据,双端口SDRAM实现对图像数据的缓存,利用FPGA并行处理的特点,采用Verilog HDL硬件描述语言实现改进的Canny边缘检测算法,最终实现在VGA显示屏上显示图像边缘的效果。实验结果表明,较传统的边缘检测算法,该系统边缘检测定位精度高,对噪声的抗干扰能力强,能够准确快速的输出图像边缘信息。     

热电制冷摄像机制冷系统研究

介绍了摄像机热电制冷设计必须考虑的问题 ,研制了性能与同类进口产品相当的摄像机的热电制冷降温、恒温系统。实验结果表明 :该系统对 2 0 0 m W的热负载可以提供 - 40℃以内的稳定恒温 ,温度的控制精度达 0 .1度 ,可作为高性能摄像机及其它成像系统的配套设备。