基于Matlab语言仿真声波多普勒效应的研究

1.多普勒效应的概念多普勒效应是奥地利物理学家、数学家克里斯琴·约翰·多普勒于1842年首先提出的。由于波源和观察者之间有相对运动,使观察者感到频率变化的现象叫做多普勒效应.2.多普勒效应的基本原理根据声波的多普勒效应公式,当声源与接收器     

匀速和变速运动时声波多普勒效应公式的推导

给出了波源和观察者在匀速和变速运动情况下声波多普勒效应公式的详细推导过程. 结果显示,无论 观察者和波源做匀速运动,还是做变速运动,对应的多普勒效应公式都是相同的     

多普勒效应及其现代应用

 生活中,人们都有这样的经验:当高速行驶的火车从远处鸣笛而来时,人耳听到的笛声音调愈来愈高;而当火车鸣笛离去时,其笛声音调愈来愈低。此现象就是声波的“多普勒效应”。它表明:当波源与观察者之间有相对运动时,观察者所接收到的波的频率与波源所发射的频率不同。“多普勒效应”是奥地利物理学家多普勒于1842年发现的。而电磁波频域内的“多普勒效应”在1938年才得到证实。     

超声多普勒诊断的原理分析

多普勒效应是波在介质中传播时发生的一种物理现象，当波源和观察者相对介质运动时，观察者接收到波的频率和波源发射波的频率是不同的．医学研究和临床诊断中使用的超声血流测量仪、超声心脏测量仪、超声胎心检查仪等设备，就是利用超声波的多普勒效应来检测相应的量．下面我们从物理的角度对超声多普勒仪器的诊断原理进行分析．     

摆动式声多普勒效应实验仪

针对现有的声多普勒效应实验装置中存在的问题,设计并制作了摆动式声多普勒效应实验仪.该仪器能够分别进行声源运动和观察者运动的声多普勒效应实验,且可定量分析频偏和测量速度.本文详细介绍了该仪器的原理、构造、特点和实验过程,并对实验结果进行了较为全面的分析.     

机械波的多普勒效应浅析

波源或观察者相对于媒质运动时,观察者接收到的频率(称为感知频率)不同于波源的频率,这种现象称为多普勒效应.本文试图给出机械波多普勒效应普遍公式的简单推导,并就有关问题略加讨论.一、公式推导设波在各向同性均匀媒质中传播的速率为 v,波源相对于媒质的速率为 v_z,观察者相对于媒质的速率为 v_o,波源的固有振动频率为 v,观察者的感知频率为 v′。     

注意多普勒效应在实际应用时的适用条件

1 引言 在大学物理教学中,推导多普勒效应频移公式时,一般均采用声源作为例子,声源和观察者相对介质的运动速度及声速远小于光速,而且声源或观察者的运动方向与波的传播方向为共线(一维)的情况.多普勒效应在科学技术、交通管理、医疗诊断等领域的应用十分广泛,许多例子被教科书选为习题.我们在解一些这方面习题时稍不注意,可能会产生概念性错误.     

多普勒频移的普遍公式

考虑了时空变换与速度合成的相对论效应，一个普遍的纵向多普勒频移公式被导出，它对声波和光波均适用，讨论了几种典型情况，结果表明介质中光波多普勒频移，不仅同光源与接收器两者的相对速度有关，也与光源、光波自相对介质速度有关。     

换种方法理解多普勒效应

多普勒效应是由于波源或观察者的相对运动致使观察者接收到的频率与波源的频率不同的现象.多普勒效应有很多实际的应用,然而无论是新老教材,多普勒效应一节的教学仅停留在实验演示及规律的文字性表述上,不少师生对多普勒效应的理     

应用多普勒效应测速的深入讨论——以人教版物理教材选择性必修一为例

利用多普勒效应测速是一种重要的技术手段.但在教学过程中发现,对于测速的原理到底如何,学生以及部分教师并不是很清楚,笔者从多普勒效应的原理出发,发现此问题对应的模型是波源和观察者同时运动的情景,并得到了频率变化与速度之间的关系,再进一步讨论了电磁波的多普勒效应.     

Sound radiation from point sources in circular motion

The moving-source approach used by Morfey and Tanna for broad-band sound radiation from a point force in circular motion is adopted in this paper to evaluate the sound radiated in the far field due to point sources of random time variation rotating uniformly in a circle at subsonic speed. It is shown that the sound pressure results (overall and spectral density) for the volume velocity source can be easily extracted from the corresponding results for a rotating point force. An expression for the sound field of a point volume displacement source in arbitrary motion is derived and this is applied to the special case of uniform circular motion. The effects of acceleration of the sources due to circular motion on the radiated sound are established. Applications include noise from tip jet rotors, compressors and marine propellers.     

Sound radiation from point acoustic stresses in circular motion

The general result for the sound field of a point acoustic stress in arbitrary motion is applied in this paper to study the effects of (i) uniform straight-line motion, (ii) uniform circular motion and (iii) pure rotation on the overall sound radiation from random point acoustic stresses. The effects of acceleration of the stresses due to steady rotation in a circle are established, using the moving-source approach adopted in two previous papers for the far-field sound radiation from rotating point forces and point sources. Applications include the turbulent sound generation from tip jet rotors and noise from rotating blades with distributed forces.     

Sound generated by a vortex convected past an elastic sheet

We study the motion and sound generated when a line vortex is convected in a uniform low-Mach flow parallel to a thin elastic sheet. The linearized sheet motion is analyzed under conditions where the unforced sheet (in the absence of the line vortex) is stationary. The vortex passage above the sheet excites a resonance mode of motion, where the sheet oscillates at its least stable eigenmode. The sources of sound in the acoustic problem include the sheet velocity and fluid vorticity. It is shown that the release of trailing-edge vortices, resulting from the satisfaction of the Kutta condition, has two opposite effects on sound radiation: while trailing-edge vortices act to reduce the pressure fluctuations occurring owing to the direct interaction of the line vortex with the unperturbed sheet, they extend and amplify the acoustic signal produced by the motion of the sheet. The sheet motion radiates higher sound levels as the system approaches its critical conditions for instability, where the effect of resonance becomes more pronounced. It is argued that the present theory describes the essential mechanism by which sound is generated as a turbulent eddy is convected in a mean flow past a thin elastic airfoil.     

匀加速运动声源的声场建模及其数值算法研究

针对匀加速运动点声源的声场特性与其运动状态密切相关这一问题,提出匀加速直线运动状态下点声源的声场计算方法。利用此方法建立了匀加速直线运动时点声源的声压模型,对模型中的关键参数声矢量R进行数值解析,并对声压进行数值分析仿真,得出匀加速直线运动时固定接收点的声压数值计算方法。用此方法对固定接收点位置的匀加速点声源声压进行声场建模,结果表明:在声源接近接收者一定距离以后,声压明显增大;在此距离之外,距离对声压的影响不大。     

Song of the dunes as a self-synchronized instrument

Since Marco Polo it has been known that some sand dunes have the peculiar ability to emit a loud sound with a well-defined frequency, sometimes for several minutes. The origin of this sustained sound has remained mysterious, partly because of its rarity in nature. It has been recognized that the sound is not due to the air flow around the dunes but to the motion of an avalanche, and not to an acoustic excitation of the grains but to their relative motion. By comparing singing dunes around the world and two controlled experiments, in the laboratory and the field, we prove that the frequency of the sound is the frequency of the relative motion of the sand grains. Sound is produced because moving grains synchronize their motions. The laboratory experiment shows that the dune is not needed for sound emission. A velocity threshold for sound emission is found in both experiments, and an interpretation is proposed.     

Sound source localization by the plainfin midshipman fish, Porichthys notatus

The aim of this study was to use plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus) as a general model to explore how fishes localize an underwater sound source in the relatively simple geometry of a monopole sound field. The robust phonotaxic responses displayed by gravid females toward a monopole sound projector (J-9) broadcasting a low-frequency (90 Hz) tone similar to the fundamental frequency of the male's advertisement call were examined. The projector's sound field was mapped at 5 cm resolution azimuth using an eight-hydrophone array. Acoustic pressure was measured with the array and acoustic particle motion was calculated from pressure gradients between hydrophones. The response pathways of the fish were analyzed from video recordings and compared to the sound field. Gravid females at initial release were directed toward the sound source, and the majority (73%) swam to the playback projector with straight to slightly curved tracks in the direction of the source and in line with local particle motion vectors. In contrast, the initial direction of the control (sound-off) group did not differ from random. This paper reports on a comparison of fish localization behavior with directional cues available in the form of local particle motion vectors.     

可压缩涡流场中空泡运动规律及声辐射特性研究

基于可压缩流体力学基本理论, 通过边界积分方程, 采用不同表面压力模型, 求解空泡在计及可压缩性的涡流场中的运动规律; 通过表面离散及坐标变换, 采用Kirchhoff动边界积分方程, 将空泡表面视为运动变形边界, 作为直接噪声源, 获得涡流场中空泡运动产生的时域声压分布; 分析了涡流场参数对空泡运动规律及声辐射特性的影响. 研究结果表明: 计及流场可压缩性, 空泡的脉动幅度会随时间减弱, 辐射声压幅值随之减小; 空泡在涡流场中会发生延展、 颈缩、 撕裂, 并在撕裂后子空泡中形成射流; 当流场中的压力减小时, 空泡运动过程中的最大半径与撕裂前的最大长度逐渐增加, 且当流场中压力较小时, 空泡撕裂时形成的子空泡增多; 空泡辐射声压的指向性较弱, 撕裂会使辐射声压产生突变, 形成极大峰值; 随着涡通量的增大或空泡数的减小, 空泡脉动周期及其诱导的辐射声压波动周期随之延长, 辐射声压峰值逐渐滞后并减小. 本文结果旨在为涡流场中空泡运动规律及声辐射特性的相关研究提供参考. 关键词： 可压缩 涡流场 空泡 声辐射     

Active resonators for sound control in narrow pipes

A method of active sound control by a local device, namely, an active resonator that provides a resonance absorption or scattering of sound in a broad frequency band, is proposed. The active resonator is modeled as a sound source with an acoustoelectric feedback, which allows the correction of its motion depending on the sound field measured in the vicinity of the resonator. The performance of the method is demonstrated by two examples.     

水下对空中声源的运动参数估计

为了解决传统的交互式多模型目标跟踪算法中马尔可夫概率转移矩阵固定不变,造成的模型切换缓慢、跟踪精度不高的问题,提出了一种基于后验信息修正的时变转移概率自适应交互式多模型跟踪算法。算法定义了一种新的修正因子,利用后验信息对概率转移矩阵进行实时修正,提高匹配模型的概率,减小非匹配模型的影响,使得系统模型能够及时、准确地切换到匹配模型。蒙特卡洛仿真实验表明,该自适应交互式多模型算法能够应用于水下目标跟踪中,相比传统交互式多模型算法,模型匹配度更高,滤波效果也更好。     

Vortex sound due to a flexible boundary backed by a cavity in a low mach number mean flow

Low frequency sound radiated due to the unsteady motion of an inviscid vortex in the proximity of a flexible membrane backed by an airtight cavity on an otherwise rigid plane is investigated theoretically. Results show that both monopole and dipole are created but the latter is important only when the vortex is traversing over the membrane. The monopole results from the membrane vibration and the dipole from the transverse motion of the vortex. It is also found that these sound fields tend to counteract each other. The increase in the mean flow speed in general results in a stronger acoustic power radiation, but sound attenuation may be possible if the membrane-cavity system is weak compared with the mean flow momentum.