“活动单导学”方式下的高三物理复习教学思考

“活动单导学”是一种经过广大一线教师反复实验、多方论证的,以“自主、合作、探究”为主要学习方式的课堂教学模式,在各学科新授课方面都已经取得了一定的教学成效.而高三物理复习环节有着其固有的特点和需求,将“活动单导学”与高三物理复习教学有机结合,能够有效提高复习教学效率.     

“实验”内涵的演变及其教育启示

实验在物理教学中一直备受重视.在不同的语境之下,“实验”一词有着不同的含义.采用定量研究的方法,对中学物理课程标准中“实验”一词的含义进行了深入分析.结果表明：“实验”可以被理解为“实验室活动、实践活动”“教学法”“课程内容”“科学探究”等多种含义,并且在不同时期对“实验”的理解和使用呈现出不同的特点.在物理教育中,深入了解“实验”的多重意蕴,有利于全面发挥物理实验的教育价值,有效提升学生的核心素养.     

“活动单”让物理更精彩——高中物理“活动单导学”模式例谈

近年来,新课程改革之飓风席卷祖国大地,我市的“活动单导学”模式更是硕果累累,该模式改变了我市每一位老师的教学理念,让我们的教学更为轻松、有效。作为一名“活动单导学”模式的实施者和受益者,笔者将“活动单导学”诠释为：“活动”串接整个教学过程,“单”即方案是课堂教学的载体,“导学”体现出教学双方的地位和作用,教师导、学生学。     

基于核心素养的“递进式活动导学”初探——“机械能”教学案例

从三维目标走向核心素养,是学科教学高度、深度和内涵的提升,是学科教学对人的真正的回归.基于核心素养的“递进式活动导学”,是以核心素养为主导,以“递进式活动”为抓手,将教学目标细化为行为目标并在课堂教学中落实.文章以“上教版”八年级物理第四章第3节“机械能”第一课时为例,从教学目标细化和“递进式活动”的设计两个方面,讲述基于核心素养的“递进式活动导学”的教学思路,以期对初中物理核心素养在课堂教学中的落实有所帮助.     

单元教学设计过程中的“教学问题链”设计——以上海科学技术出版社《物理·必修》(第三册)静电场单元为例

根据教育部颁布的《普通高中物理课程标准(2017年版)》,在上海市物理教育教学基地(上海高校“立德树人”人文社会科学重点研究基地)的大力支持下,由上海市教育委员会组织编写的上海高中物理非统编教材进行了正式使用前的试教试用活动,此教材是在上海高中物理“二期课改”教材的基础上全面改写而成的.单元教学设计已成为当前教学设计的焦点问题,以《物理·必修》(第三册)静电场单元为例,详细阐述了“教学问题链”的设计理念,希望与广大一线教师交流试教试用的心得与反思,推动新课改课堂转型.     

基于标准的“自主学习活动单”设计与实施

基于标准的“自主学习活动单”是作为教师组织和实施课堂教学、对学生进行学习指导的支架和载体.“自主学习活动单”是集教师的教案、学生的学案、学科教学指南和教学手册等综合评价于一体的自主学习文本,更加体现教与学的统一,关注学生的“学习经历”“学习获得”.实践证明,在教学中基于标准下合理地设计与实施“自主学习活动单”,对减轻学生学习负担及培养学生能力和习惯等学科核心素养方面具有显著的促进作用.     

物理实验创新教育的探索与实践

结合物理学科建设和学生受教育多元化需求,以物理实验课程内容改革为切入点,实践了物理实验创新教育. 充分认识到实验课程建设的关键是教学实验室建设,通过设备资源使用优化满足优生优培的教学需要. 实施“4周1专题”等一系列“快乐实验”教学方法,注重在实验学习中创新,培养了学生科学实践能力和科技创新精神.     

基于现代信息和核心素养的物理实验教学设计——以“单分子油膜法估测分子的大小”为例

物理教学离不开实验教学,本文基于物理学科核心素养,着重探讨教育信息化背景下“单分子油膜法估测分子的大小”一课的创新设计和教学实践,并指出设计意图和亮点之处,从而优化物理实验教学.     

乡村学校的STEM项目学习

《义务教育物理课程标准2022年版》中新增了“跨学科实践”的一级主题,其要求和STEM项目学习有异曲同工之妙.通过乡村学校物理教师组织学生“制作空间站”为主题的项目学习案例,说明了初中物理教学能够通过“跨学科实践”即“泛化”STEM教学培养和发展学生的物理学科核心素养.特别是乡村薄弱学校更有必要寻找适合学校和学生实际的跨学科实践活动,吸引学生在“学中做”,在“做中学”,只要能让学生自主地学、投入地做,也就能够彻底改变学生的学习态度和习惯,为他们的未来发展及终身学习奠定基础,进一步落实均衡发展的义务教育方针.     

配合"世界物理年"的物理教学活动--装甲兵工程学院举办大学物理素养大奖赛

2004年9月30日，为了“迎接世界物理年”，在我校举办了以“热爱物理、欣赏物理、宣传物理”为主题的“大学物理学习素养大奖赛”活动．目的在于弘扬物理的文化价值，倡导一种科学与人文融合的精神，把物理学习和做人联系起来，挖掘物理本身内在的精神价值和育人价值．以此活动，昭示人们重视物理、热爱物理、参与物理，使物理教学从知识型升华为知识与物理精神相结合的综合型教学．     

Mixed spin- and spin- Ising models with random nearest-neighbour interactions

Using the effective field theory with correlations, we study mixed spin?3/2 and spin?1/2 Ising models with random bonds and crystal-field interactions on the honeycomb lattice. The nearest-neighbour couplings J_ij are taken as random variables with distribution P(J_ij) = pδ(J_ij ? J)+(1 ? p)δ(J_ij ? αJ), where J > 0 and |α| ≤ 1. In a certain range of negative values of α, the phase diagrams exhibit re-entrant behaviour. In detail, we investigate separately two kinds of disorder: Bond dilution (α = 0) and random ±J interactions (α = ?1). In both cases, the influence of the an-isotropy on the phase diagrams shows some new outstanding features.     

GaSe<Subscript>1−<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">S</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> solid solutions

The most probable parameters of the pure, doped, and mixed GaSe_1−xS_x (x ≤ 0.4) crystals (solid solutions) are presented together with the results of investigations of their crystal structure and defects, optical and mechanical properties, and damage thresholds. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 6, pp. 35–40, June, 2007.     

Electrical switching studies on As<Subscript>40</Subscript>Te<Subscript>60-x</Subscript>Se<Subscript>x</Subscript> and As<Subscript>35</Subscript>Te<Subscript>65-x</Subscript>Se<Subscript>x</Subscript> glasses

The I–V characteristics of bulk As₄₀Te_60-xSe_x and As₃₅Te_65-xSe_x glasses have been studied with a current sweep of 0–18 mA-0, over a wide range of compositions (4≤x≤22). All the glasses studied showed a threshold electrical switching behaviour. The number of switching cycles withstood by the samples has been found to depend on the ON-state current. It is seen that the switching voltages increase with increase in selenium content. Further, the switching voltages are found to be almost independent of the thickness of the sample (d), in the range 0.18–0.3 mm. Also, the switching voltages and the number of switching cycles withstood by the samples are found to decrease with temperature. Received: 6 November 2002 / Accepted: 8 November 2002 / Published online: 29 January 2003 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author. Fax: +91-80/360-0135, E-mail: sasokan@isu.iisc.ernet.in     

Spin-wave resonances in Eu<Subscript>0.8</Subscript>Ce<Subscript>0.2</Subscript>Mn<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>5</Subscript> and EuMn<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>5</Subscript> multiferroics

Spin-wave resonances have been observed in superlattices arising due to the phase separation and self-organization of charge carriers in Eu_0.8Ce_0.2Mn₂O₅ single crystals. The resonances are found within the 5–80 K temperature range at frequencies close to 30 GHz. Similar resonances with intensities about an order of magnitude lower are also observed in EuMn₂O₅. The latter suggests the existence of charge transfer processes between the manganese ions of different valences in EuMn₂O₅.     

Effects of PEDOT:PSS and crystal violet interface layers on current-voltage performance of Schottky barrier diodes as a function of temperature and variation of diode capacitance with frequency

In this study, diode applications of Crystal Violet (CV) and PEDOT materials were studied. The Ni/p-Si/Al, Ni/CV/p-Si/Al and Ni/PEDOT:PSS/CV/p-Si/Al diodes were fabricated. The I–V (current-voltage) characteristics of all diodes were analyzed at room temperature, it was determined that the PEDOT:PSS and CV materials improved the basic diode parameters. Also, I–V characteristics of Ni/PEDOT:PSS/CV/p-Si/Al of diode were investigated for different temperature values. It has been determined that the basic diode parameters are strongly dependent on temperature. It was determined that while the barrier height (Φ_b) increased with increasing temperature, the ideality factor (n) and the series resistance (R_s) values decreased. Using temperature-dependent measurements, it was determined that the potential barrier and ideality factor values at the contact interface has a double Gaussian distribution. In addition, C–V (capacitance-voltage) measurements of these diodes were analyzed depending on the frequency. It was found that the diode capacitance decreased with increasing frequency.     

Neutron scattering study of combustion-synthesized Ce<Subscript>1−<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>Cu<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>O<Subscript>2−<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>

Powder neutron diffraction and Hi-Q neutron diffraction data have been recorded and analysed in order to obtain the local and long range order of Cu in Cudoped CeO₂ with three doping levels of Cu. Rietveld method and MCGR techniques of data analysis for the two types of data reveal that the Cu ion is in the 2+ oxidation state and has a vacancy in its first coordination shell. These deductions from the data analysis fit well with the mechanism of catalysis we propose.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">B</Emphasis><Stack><Subscript>s</Subscript><Superscript>0</Superscript></Stack> physics at LHCb

The LHCb experiment is in preparation, to be ready for the start of the LHC. The physics which will be performed by LHCb is reviewed, focussing on what can be learnt fromB _s ⁰ mesons.     

Magnetic and electric properties of Eu<Subscript>0.62</Subscript>Bi<Subscript>0.38</Subscript>MnO<Subscript>3</Subscript> and Eu<Subscript>0.53</Subscript>Bi<Subscript>0.32</Subscript>Sr<Subscript>0.15</Subscript>MnO<Subscript>3</Subscript> crystals

Single crystals of Eu_0.62Bi_0.38MnO₃ and Eu_0.53Bi_0.32Sr_0.15MnO₃ solid solutions crystallizing in an orthorhombically distorted perovskite structure were prepared. At temperatures above 120 K, Eu_0.62Bi_0.38MnO₃ exhibits the properties of structural glass while remaining a dielectric at all temperatures. There is no long-range magnetic order in this compound. Eu_0.53Bi_0.32Sr_0.15MnO₃ behaves as a semiconductor above 120 K and exhibits a jump in conductivity at T = 175 K associated with a metal-insulator transition occurring within limited regions of the crystal. In these regions, there appears a ferromagnetic moment (due to double exchange mediated by charge carriers) and local electric polarization.     

Solar-blind MSM-photodetectors based on Al<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>Ga<Subscript>1-<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>N heterostructures

Solar-blind MSM photodetectors based on the AlGaN heterostructures have been fabricated and investigated. The influence of material properties on device parameters is discussed. Effect of different buffer layers on the detector performances has been examined. Detectors exhibit low dark currents and high sensitivity within the range of 250–290 nm. Effect of optical excitation energy on GaN-based MSM-detector performance is analyzed and discussed. At high excitation level the detector speed of response is limited by the field screening caused by the space-charge of the holes. The impulse response of GaN-based MSM-detector is compared favorably with GaAs MSM-device.     

Static and dynamic properties of KCN<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>Cl<Subscript>1−<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>

An extended three-body force shell model (ETSM) has been applied to investigate the static and dynamic properties of KCN _x Cl_1−x for the compositionx = 0.56 and 1.0 at 300 K. The phonon dispersion curves computed by us are compared with the single crystal neutron diffraction data. The unusual features of these curves are the upward curvature seen in some of the acoustic branches. This is a result ofK-dependent softening of the phonon due to translation-rotation coupling. The transverse acoustic branch is more soft near the zone centre.