聚光光伏系统的发展及未来趋势

介绍了聚光光伏系统的发展历史和研究现状。对聚光光伏系统中的主件一聚光器和光伏电池进行了详细分类，给出了它们的特点和主要参数。描述了国外一些厂家为提高光伏系统效率并降低成本而研制的太阳跟踪系统。总结出聚光光伏系统的发展趋势，主要是指高倍聚光器＋跟踪系统和低倍大角度聚光器＋分光元件＋多节电池等。最后就目前状况提出了聚光光伏系统商业化还需要解决的问题。     

旋转抛物面聚光器焦面能流分布的有限元分析

提出一种计算太阳能聚光器聚光焦斑能流密度分布的新方法。在考虑太阳形状、聚光器表面形状误差、跟踪误差、接收器位置误差、漫反射及接收器遮挡作用等各项光学误差和影响因素的基础上,结合旋转抛物面聚光器的光学特性,采用有限元法对焦面能流密度分布进行计算,并与文献中的结果进行比较,证明了该方法的正确性和可行性。同时又对半球形接收器和圆柱形接收器进行了实例计算,结果表明该方法不受聚光器或接收器面型的限制,算法简单,通用性也较强,从而为系统的优化设计和能流密度的测量奠定基础。     

聚光型粗细调互补阳光信号采集器的研制

高准确度自动跟踪系统是太阳能聚光器必不可少的组成部分,而信号采集器能否精确可靠地采集到阳光照射方向的信号又是自动跟踪准确度的关键.本文提出了一种粗细调互补信号采集器的设计方案,在正常工作期间通过软件能够根据需要不断地自动调整选择二组光电传感器中其中一组输出的差模信号作为有效信号,从而有效地解决了大范围寻找太阳和高准确度...     

聚光型粗细调互补阳光信号采集器的研制

高准确度自动跟踪系统是太阳能聚光器必不可少的组成部分,而信号采集器能否精确可靠地采集到阳光照射方向的信号又是自动跟踪准确度的关键.本文提出了一种粗细调互补信号采集器的设计方案,在正常工作期间通过软件能够根据需要不断地自动调整选择二组光电传感器中其中一组输出的差模信号作为有效信号,从而有效地解决了大范围寻找太阳和高准确度跟踪之间的矛盾|而在此基础上改进为对聚光后的阳光信号进行采集的新结构,又彻底解决了光电传感器本身在光照强度很大时进入饱和区与光照强度很弱时输出的差模信号太小的问题,有效延长了聚光器在早晚时段的正常工作时间.据此原理制作的聚光型粗细调互补信号采集器应用于某公司的CPV型1200W砷化镓发电系统中,取得了很好的跟踪效果,其实际跟踪误差≤0.1°（立体角）.     

光漏斗聚光定向传光中央接收太阳能集热系统

提出了一种新型中央接收式太阳能高温集热系统,介绍了系统的运行原理,分析了系统的热效率影响因素。这个新型的太阳能高温集热系统具有如下特点:可将多个光漏斗和偏光器组成一个太阳能聚光器阵列,每个聚光器都能将低能流密度的太阳光束会聚成高能流密度的平行光束,并由偏光器传送到中央接收器,于是中央接收器可获得很高的太阳光照射能流,转化为热能后将产生很高的温度,从而实现太阳光高温聚能。本系统的中央接收器无需建在高塔上,节省了建设费用,而且所有光漏斗跟踪太阳的方式相同,控制策略简单,定向偏光器的出光方向设定后可以固定不变,因而使整个系统结构简单,技术上易于实现。     

抛物碟式太阳能聚光器的聚光特性分析与设计

点聚焦碟式太阳能聚光反射器,应用光线追迹法模拟分析了存在太阳张角时,相同开口采光面积、不同形状的聚光器分别在相同焦距、相同边缘角情况下的聚光特性。考虑到太阳形状、开口采光面形状、抛物面焦距、抛物面边缘角及接收器的遮挡作用等几何因素,并结合旋转抛物面聚光器的光学特性,建立了模拟仿真的几何模型。采用光线追迹法直观地模拟了聚光接收面上的平均能流分布特性。为对聚光器的聚光特性进行定量评价,采用了面积效率因子的概念。模拟结果表明,采光面积相同时,等焦距的4种不同开口形状的聚光器具有相近的聚光能流比;等边缘角时,除圆形聚光器外的3种聚光器有较大光能损失。设计了多碟共焦聚光器,用低聚光比聚光器组合达到高倍聚光效果,并分析了聚光特性,为碟式太阳能聚光反射系统的设计和优化提供了参考。     

基于SolTrace的线性菲涅尔式聚光器建模与仿真

利用几何光学原理推导了线性菲涅尔式聚光器在SolTrace软件中建模所需参数的计算公式，给出了建模方法。结果表明，对于反射镜列数为21列、宽度为0.38 m、长度为4 m，复合抛物面聚光器(CPC)最大接受半角为45°，接收器距反射镜所在平面5.3 m的线性菲涅式聚光器，随着太阳入射角的增大，集热管表面能流密度逐渐增大且分布更均匀；当太阳入射角大于40°后，能流密度和均匀度趋于稳定；CPC为渐开线+cusp reflector曲线比渐开线+抛物线的集热管表面能流密度更大且分布更均匀。该结果对线性菲涅尔式聚光器的推广应用具有指导意义。     

折平板等光强反射聚光光伏系统的实验研究

本文在原有的工作基础上，简要介绍了新型折平板等光强反射聚光光伏系统的设计原理，给出了折平板等光强反射聚光系统的平行光聚光公式，以此为依据对用于实验测试的聚光器重新设计加工，并进行了一系列的实验研究。依托两极太阳跟踪装置和CCD法等手段对聚光系统进行测量，研究结果表明所设计的折平板等光强反射聚光系统具有良好的能流密度分布...     

可改善平面接收器能流均匀性的太阳能碟式聚光器设计

为了改善平面接收器的能流均匀性,针对抛物碟式聚光器,提出一种重新优化布置各镜面单元的改进方法,并设计了一种新型非成像碟式聚光器。建立平面接收器目标区域内能流均匀化的优化模型,联合运动累加光线跟踪方法和遗传算法优化碟式聚光器。研究优化的聚光器与抛物碟式聚光器的聚焦能量分布,分析平面接收器上局部聚光比、非均匀因子、峰值聚光比及拦截效率指标。最后讨论了新型聚光器的应用价值,并展示了优化的新型碟式聚光器在平面型金属盘管接收器上的能流均匀化效果。结果表明,非成像碟式聚光器的能流均匀化效果最优异,能将非均匀因子从3.62～4.22显著减小到0.18～0.25,峰值聚光比从24737～37245降低到1722～2055。研究结果不仅能为太阳能平面接收器能流均匀化提供一种新的方法,还能为现有抛物碟式聚光器的改进提供新的思路。     

均匀聚光紧凑式线性菲涅耳光伏系统实验研究

本文设计了一种具有均匀聚光效果的紧凑式线性菲涅耳太阳能光伏系统,给出了紧凑式线性菲涅耳聚光器的设计方法.对完全型紧凑式线性菲涅耳聚光光伏系统进行了光学性能分析,分析结果表明,系统具有相对较高的聚光均匀性.当其他参数一定时,随着太阳电池放置高度由小变大,系统的几何聚光比和光场利用率存在最大值.对太阳光线的跟踪精度影响进行...     

太阳能热发电聚光系统的研究进展

概述了太阳能热发电技术的发展状况,介绍了用于太阳能热发电的5种聚光系统,包括槽式、碟式、塔式、线性菲涅耳式以及地面接收式。详细阐述了这些聚光系统的光学结构、聚光原理以及聚光器件的设计方法和制作工艺,指出了不同聚光系统在聚光过程中的优缺点。文中的讨论可为太阳能热发电聚光系统的设计提供参考。     

Solar concentrators with curvature determined by gravity and a variable density distribution

Summary We have analysed distributions of variable density that can be applied on the surface of solar concentrators with curvature determined by gravity so as to obtain maximum theoretical concentration along a present focal axis. A simple method to obtain in practice distributions of variable density is proposed and, consequently, an analysis is carried out of improvements in the factor of concentration and of the energy gathered by the collector in respect of solar concentrators with curvature determined only by gravity. A study completed within the Finalized Energy Project of C.N.R.     

太阳能热发电聚光系统的研究进展

概述了太阳能热发电技术的发展状况,介绍了用于太阳能热发电的5种聚光系统,包括槽式、碟式、塔式、线性菲涅耳式以及地面接收式。详细阐述了这些聚光系统的光学结构、聚光原理以及聚光器件的设计方法和制作工艺,指出了不同聚光系统在聚光过程中的优缺点。文中的讨论可为太阳能热发电聚光系统的设计提供参考。     

Enhanced photon harvesting in silicon multicrystalline solar cells by new lanthanide complexes as light concentrators

Four europium complexes with enhanced luminescent properties have been synthesized. Thin transparent films of the complexes were prepared on glass panes and then were examined as efficient luminescent solar concentrators for full spectrum utilization in crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells. The complexes could behave as efficient solar concentrators since they absorb UV light, where the spectral response of the crystalline silicon solar cells is low and they emit at 615 nm where the spectral response is maximum. The glass panes covered with europium complexes act as planar waveguides of the emitted light that is collected by the solar cells, which are attached to the edges of the solar concentrators. The europium complexes as solar concentrators were examined in terms of the optimum concentrations and the number of coatings, which were determined in order to evaluate the maximum performance of the solar cells. The case of multiple glass panes with europium complexes was also examined while a 28% maximum increase in the photocurrent was finally established.     

Comparison of different types of secondary mirrors for solar application

Two-stage solar concentrators make solar beams downwards providing flexible choices for energy utilization. Five types of secondary mirrors (a flat mirror, an ellipsoidal mirror, a hyperboloidal mirror with upper/lower sheet and a paraboloidal mirror) are compared. Effects of geometry parameters and concentrator precisions on the optical performance are analyzed using Advanced System Analysis Program. The results indicate that concentrators with a flat mirror or hyperboloidal mirror with lower sheet are more sensitive to rim angle or relative location. The secondary mirror is better a convex surface especially when rim angle is more than 90°. A flat mirror or hyperboloidal mirror with lower sheet performs better with higher redirect focal points. A hyperboloidal mirror with upper sheet is the best however numerical aperture changing. The intercept factors decreased with the increase of random errors or optical errors. Both the fabrication and assemblage requirements for a concentrator with a hyperboloidal mirror with lower sheet are the strictest. Experiments are carried out based on a hyperboloidal mirror with upper sheet. The experiments results are in accordance with the ray-tracing results. Therefore, further studies on optimization of the two-stage concentrators using the ray-tracing model can be conducted.     

Application of millimeter-sized polymer cylindrical lens array concentrators in solar cells

A unique method is proposed to encapsulate solar cells and improve their power conversion efficiency by using a millimeter-sized cylindrical lens array concentrator. Millimeter-sized epoxy resin polymer(ERP) cylindrical lens array concentrators are fabricated by the soft imprint technique based on polydimethylsiloxane stamps. The photovoltaic measurements show that millimeter-sized ERP cylindrical lens array concentrators can considerably improve the power conversion efficiency of silicon solar cells. The validity of the proposed method is proved by the coupled optical and electrical simulations. The designed solar cell devices with the advantages of high-efficiency and convenient cleaning are very useful in practical applications.     

基于量子点的荧光型太阳能聚光器

近年来,量子点在结构可控、光谱调节和光学稳定方面的研究进展,表明基于量子点的聚光器件表现出优于基于传统有机染料分子的光输出性能。量子点聚光器成为目前量子点研究领域的新方向。量子点在宏量制备和绿色制备方面的深入研究,使得量子点的制造成本逐步降低,基于量子点的聚光器具有光电转换效率和成本上的优势。本文综述了量子点聚光器的研究进展,主要包括荧光型聚光器的优点、聚光器对量子点光学性质的要求、器件制备的工艺和器件的性能表征方法。重点阐述了量子点的太阳光吸收能力、荧光量子产率和重吸收等关键因素对聚光器件性能的影响,同时介绍了该领域目前最新的研究方向,展望了廉价太阳能窗户在未来城镇建筑上的潜在应用。     

Solar radiation concentrators paired with multijunction photoelectric converters in ground-based solar power plants (Part II)

The present work is devoted to determining the conditions of the joint operation of photoelectric converter–solar concentrator pairs, which are used in solar power plants with concentrators. Three-cascade photoconverters based on A³B⁵ materials with different distributions of solar radiation in spectral ranges are studied. Concentrators of solar radiation are designed as the Fresnel lenses with silicon-on-glass structure. Refractive lens profile fabricated on the basis of Wacker RT604 silicone rubber is characterized by significant changes in refractive index with temperature. The effect of geometric parameters of the Fresnel lenses and their operating temperature on characteristics of solar radiation concentration in specified spectral intervals have been examined. The parameters of concentrators being paired with a photoelectric converter, which may ensure the efficient functioning of the solar power plant, have been calculated.