EAST电场实时采集与处理系统

EAST是国家大科学工程实验装置,在实验放电过程中,其周围有着非常复杂的电场环境;为了在放电期间达到实时监控周围电场的要求,进而设计了电场实时测量系统;该系统在实验过程中,检测瞬态电场的分布及其强度,为电磁兼容(EMC)的设计提供实时的数据分析;其硬件架构主要包含单极子电场探头,光电隔离设备,RAID磁盘阵列以及PXI平台,软件主要使用LabVIEW对FPGA进行软件编程,对数据进行实时的采集和处理;经过测试,目前该系统可实现单个通道,50 MHz/s采样率的数据采集以及四通道12.5 MHz/s的同步数据采集,满足了对高频模拟信号进行多通道实时数据采集、处理和存储要求。     

基于FPGA的电磁脉冲电场测量系统

为了测量纳秒级前沿的电磁脉冲电场,研制了一种基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的宽频带电磁脉冲电场测量系统,该系统采用单极子天线作为电场探头的接收天线,高速AD采集调理电路输出的电压信号,由FPGA接收AD采样的数据并保存至DDR2和FLASH存储器中;分析了系统的整体方案;对系统的信号调理、采集的触发方式、FPGA控制以及干扰屏蔽等关键技术进行了重点分析;通过电场探头、电磁脉冲模拟器、PTEM暗室、衰减器以及示波器进行了性能和功能验证实验;利用软件将电场探头和示波器测得的信号进行处理和对比;实验表明,所研制的电场探头可以测量前沿大于2.5ns、电场强度为0~50kV/m的脉冲电场,系统线性度好,体积小,抗干扰性能好,测量准确性高。     

单片机莫尔条纹细分技术

介绍一种软件莫尔条纹细分方法,该方法利用单片机采集数据和数据处理手段细分莫尔条纹信号。该方法测量电路简单,对莫尔条纹信号要求低,细分数高,实时性好,可用于静态、动态测量。     

声脉冲法空间电荷测量系统的研究

气体中空间电荷的分布与电晕放电的机理紧密相关, 获取电晕放电过程中空间电荷分布对深入研究电晕放电起始、自持过程有着重要作用, 但是如何准确获得电晕放电过程中的空间电荷分布一直是国际上尚未解决的难题. 本文基于声脉冲法提出一种电场信号解耦算法, 推导了空间电荷在声场中被调制产生的电场信号与声脉冲信号和空间电荷密度之间的数值关系, 讨论了不同测量情况下声发射系统的设计要求; 搭建了一套可用于实时测量针板电极电晕放电空间电荷分布的非接触式测量系统, 该系统主要包括声脉冲发生模块、空间电荷模块及电场信号解耦算法模块. 运用该系统实现了声脉冲激发作用下电场信号的测量, 通过提出的电场信号解耦算法得到了空间电荷密度, 对其测量结果与电晕电流法测量结果进行比较, 验证了电场信号解耦算法的有效性. 该算法可以应用于空间电荷一维、二维和三维测量系统中.     

基于虚拟时间反转镜的垂直阵舰船辐射噪声级测量方法

研究了利用垂直阵测量舰船辐射噪声过程中因水声信道的多径效应对测量性能产生的影响,建立了基于声场模型的舰船辐射噪声测量的数学模型,推导了基于虚拟时间反转镜辐射噪声测量的理论公式,提出了一种基于虚拟时间反转镜技术的垂直阵舰船辐射噪声级测量方法。该方法首先采用基于波束积分的SCOOTER模型,根据海洋环境参数计算出辐射声源至测量水听器之间的信道传输函数,然后,用计算出的信道传输函数对接收信号做虚拟时反处理,以消除或减弱信道多径效应对接收信号的影响,从而提高舰船辐射噪声级测量精度。针对典型的浅海声信道,进行了计算机仿真试验。结果表明,该方法能有效地进行舰船宽带辐射噪声测量,当阵元个数满足一定要求时,测量得到的声源级与实际声源级相比,误差小于1 dB。      

水下声学滑翔机用于东印度洋声传播特性分析及声源估计

常规实验方法无法同步获取深海大尺度声学和水文数据,水下滑翔机可作为同步观测平台解决该问题.首先利用在东印度洋北部海域水下滑翔机同步获取的声传播和水文实验数据,分析了水下滑翔机的自噪声谱级和实验海区声传播特性,然后推算并修正了滑翔机水下运动轨迹,利用第一影区水下滑翔机接收声传播信号的脉冲多途到达时间差对声源进行测距与定深。潜标接收噪声与滑翔机自噪声谱级对比表明,水下滑翔机在海洋中无动力运动时的系统自噪声接近于潜标观测的海洋环境噪声。滑翔机实测的声传播损失与模型计算结果吻合较好,第一影区水下声源测距定深结果与实际位置较为一致,测距与定深的相对误差均小于5%。利用加载水听器的水下滑翔机可以实现水文环境数据与声学信号的同步观测,对深海声传播特性测量及定位算法研究具有重要意义。      

水下窄脉冲超宽带信号的传播特性仿真

超宽带信号具有分辨率高、截获概率低、穿透能力强等优点,将在水下目标探测、定位及通信等领域具有良好的应用前景。基于水下等离子体声源提出了窄脉冲超宽带信号产生方法,建立了以传播损失和海洋环境噪声为主要影响因素的超宽带脉冲传播信道模型;结合湖试实测数据,利用Matlab仿真软件和Welch谱分析法,仿真分析了不同频率的超宽带脉冲在水下传播不同距离后的功率谱密度以及传播特性。研究成果对水下等离子体超宽带脉冲的工程应用具有重要的参考价值,同时对水下等离子体超宽带脉冲声源的设计和研制也有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于C8051微控制器的光电信号自动扫描与采集系统

介绍一种基于C8051-F020型微控制器的光电信号自动扫描与采集系统. 该系统通过C8051微控制器控制步进电机和电控平移台的运动,采集光电传感器所获得的测量信号,并通过RS232接口将测量数据发送至计算机,从而实现对空间光强信号的扫描,或者对测量对象的某种空间属性探测.另外,用LabVIEW设计的系统控制软件具有虚拟仪器的功能,可对步进电机进行直观的操作,对所测量的光电信息能够进行实时的显示、处理和存储.     

基于单片机的直流电动机的信号采集系统设计

装甲车辆起动过程中,直流电动机部分容易发生故障,传统的电机诊断方法都是定期制定维修计划,这种检修方式容易造成维修不足、维修过量以及盲目维修的问题,为了深入分析电动机故障发生时的参数信息的变化,构建一套能够采集电机运行参数的系统,对采集电枢电流和振动信号进行时频域分析,能够反映故障发生的特点;该系统以STM32103C8T6为主控芯片,设计了电流、振动信号采集电路,信号调理电路,对A/D转换模块、数据存储模块进行了编程实现,能够对直流电动机的电枢电流和振动信号进行实时采集,并将数据保存到上位机中进行后续的调用处理;通过测量对比直流电动机起动过程轴承部位发生不同故障时的电流和振动信号,利用MATLAB仿真实现时域内的信号显示,并在MATLAB平台中,编程实现了振动信号的时频域分析;仿真结果表明,该采集系统能够准确测量信号,具有成本低,体积小,精度高等优点,能够为故障特征提取提供较好的数据基础。     

水下目标辐射噪声的非线性检验

由于非线性是混沌产生的必要条件,所以讨论一个观测时间序列是否具有非线性,对进一步利用混沌时间序列方法分析观测时间序列很有意义。本文讨论水下目标辐射噪声信号中非线性问题,运用替代数据方法,根据实验数据与替代数据之间峭度和自相关两个量的差异性,分析了水下目标辐射噪声信号中的非线性成分,得出结论：水下目标辐射噪声信号中存在非线性成分,且这种非线性不是由于静态测量函数的非线性引起的,为利用非线性时间序列分析方法分析水下目标噪声信号提供了理论依据。     

Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Electronic States and Spectra of TeH and TeLi

Gas-phase emission spectra of the hitherto unknown free radical TeLi have been measured in the NIR range with a Fourier-transform spectrometer. The emissions were observed from a fast flow system in which tellurium vapor in argon carrier gas was passed through a microwave discharge and mixed with lithium vapor in an observation tube. Two systems of blue-degraded bands were measured at high spectral resolution in the ranges 8000-9000 and 5700-6700 cm(-1) and vibrational and rotational analyses were performed. In order to aid in the analysis of the experimental data, a series of relativistic configuration interaction calculations has been carried out to obtain potential curves for the low-lying states of TeLi and the isovalent TeH and also electric dipole transition moments connecting them. As in the TeH system, the ground state of TeLi is found to be X(2)Pi(i), but with a remarkably smaller spin-orbit splitting. The TeLi calculations indicate a strongly bound A(2)Sigma(+) state, while in TeH the analogous state is computed to lie significantly higher at approximately 32 000 cm(-1), and it is strongly predissociated. Based on the theoretical analysis, the observed TeLi band systems are assigned to the transitions A(2)Sigma(+)(A1/2)-->X(1)(2)Pi(3/2)(X(1)3/2) and A(2)Sigma(+)(A1/2)-->X(2)(2)Pi(1/2)(X(2)1/2). Analysis of the spectra has yielded the molecular constants (in cm(-1)) X(1)(2)Pi(3/2):omega(e)=457.49(3), omega(e)x(e)=2.482(9), B(0)=0.408908(8); X(2)(2)Pi(1/2): T(e)=2353.44(3), omega(e)=456.28(4), omega(e)x(e)=2.635(8), B(0)=0.414954(8), p(0)=1.00637(4); A(2)Sigma(+): T(e)=8574.64(2), omega(e)=437.81(3), omega(e)x(e)=2.581(8), B(0)=0.423903(8), p(0)=-0.19915(2), where the numbers in parentheses are the standard deviations of the parameters. Comparison of the isovalent TeLi and TeH systems emphasizes that the difference in bonding character (ionic in TeLi vs covalent in TeH) is responsible for qualitative differences in the electronic spectra of these two molecules. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.     

Some problems of analysis and optimization of plates and shells

The classical optimization problems of plates and shells to satisfy a priori given geometry and dynamical characteristics are considered. Orthotropic plates and shells with variable thickness and low transverse stiffness are analyzed. First, some useful theorems and their proofs are given. Then the finite approximation of the problem related to optimization of free vibrations of shells with transverse deformation and rotary inertia is discussed. The varational iteration (MVI) and Bubnov-Galerkin (MB) methods are applied, and their convergence and suitability for application to plates and shells analysis are discussed and numerically evaluated.     

MCNP-FISPACT耦合燃耗计算程序开发与测试

反应堆堆芯的燃耗计算关系到堆芯的燃料管理,并直接影响堆芯的经济性评估,因此如何快速且准确地对堆芯进行燃耗计算一直是反应堆物理设计的研究重点之一。随着反应堆的发展,其几何结构和物理特性日渐复杂,现有的一维、二维耦合燃耗程序因其在几何处理上的限制,难以满足先进反应堆精细设计分析的要求。为对复杂反应堆堆芯的燃耗情况进行计算,结合粒子输运程序MCNP 处理复杂几何和燃耗程序FISPACT处理核素全面的特点,开发了接口程序耦合MCNP 和FISPACT来进行燃耗计算,并对耦合程序进行了计算验证。采用了IAEA 基准校核例题和CFETR中国聚变工程实验堆例题进行程序验证,经计算得出的有效倍增因子随燃耗的变化曲线和TBR等数据与标准例题的结果符合良好,其误差在可接受范围内。     

Topological dislocation-type defects and mechanisms of plasticity and failure of nanostructured and amorphous materials

Possible mechanisms of plastic deformation and failure of nanostructured and cluster amorphous materials have been considered. It is shown that the most probable carriers of plastic deformation in these materials are macrodislocations—linear topological defects of the regular nanocrystallite packing in the nanostructure or cluster packing in amorphous materials. Continuum models are proposed to describe the processes of plastic deformation and failure of nanostructured and cluster amorphous materials. Original Russian Text ? L.S. Vasil’ev, S.F. Lomaeva, 2009, published in Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Fizicheskaya, 2009, Vol. 73, No. 1, pp. 128–131.     

NOx formation and flame velocity profiles of iso- and n-isomers of butane and butanol

NO formation and flame propagation are studied in premixed flames of iso- and n-isomers of butane and butanol through experimental measurements and direct simulation of experimental profiles. The stabilized flame is realized through the impingement of a premixed combustible jet from a contraction nozzle against a temperature-controlled plate. The velocity field is obtained by means of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and nitric oxide concentration profiles are measured using Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF), calibrated using known NO seeding levels. It is found that NO formation in n- and iso-isomers is comparable under the conditions considered, except for rich butanol mixtures, whereby NO formation is higher for iso-butanol. Generally, less NO is formed in butanol flames than in the butane flames. The experiment is simulated by a 1D chemically reacting stagnation flow model, using literature models of C1–C4 hydrocarbons [Wang et al., 2010] and butanol combustion chemistry [Sarathy et al., 2009, 2012]. NO prediction is tested using two of these mechanisms with a previously-published NO_x submechanism added into the butane and butanol models. While a good level of agreement is observed in the velocity field prediction under lean and stoichiometric conditions, discrepancies exist under rich conditions. Greater discrepancies are observed in NO prediction, except for the C1–C4 mechanism which shows good agreement with the experiment under lean and stoichiometric conditions. The current study provides data for further development of mechanisms with NO_x prediction capabilities for the fuels considered here.     

Quantum and surface properties of free films and nanoshells of molecular and atomic thicknesses

An original technology and the properties of new thin film nanoobjects, free films and shells of molecular and atomic thicknesses, are presented. Special attention is paid to shells of monoatomic or monomoleculer thickness with unique surface properties that have not been found in bulk materials.     

Geometry and Elasticity of Strips and Flowers

We solve several problems that involve imposing metrics on surfaces. The problem of a strip with a linear metric gradient is formulated in terms of a Lagrangian similar to those used for spin systems. We are able to show that the low energy state of long strips is a twisted helical state like a telephone cord. We then extend the techniques used in this solution to two–dimensional sheets with more general metrics. We find evolution equations and show that when they are not singular, a surface is determined by knowledge of its metric, and the shape of the surface along one line. Finally, we provide numerical evidence by minimizing a suitable energy functional that once these evolution equations become singular, either the surface is not differentiable, or else the metric deviates from the target metric.