浅海小掠射角的海底界面声反向散射模型的简化

在浅海,尤其是负梯度声速剖面和海面较为平静的浅海波导,海底界面反向散射是浅海混响的主要来源.经验散射模型只适用于分析浅海混响平均强度衰减特性,而基于物理机理建立的反向散射模型克服了这一缺陷,但同时也引入了其受地声模型约束的问题.本文结合了海底反射系数的三参数模型,对浅海远场海底反向散射模型进行了简化,以减少地声模型的输入参数.理论分析了海底反射系数的相移参数可以描述海底对声场的散射作用,无需任何海底地声参数的先验知识.通过对海底反向散射模型近似简化,结果表明在临界角附近和甚小掠射角范围内的海底粗糙界面反向散射模型的角度特性和强度特性受海底沉积层的影响不同:在临界角附近,海底反向散射的角度特性受海底反射系数的相移参数加权,而其散射系数则近似与相移参数无关;对于甚小掠射角,海底反向散射的角度特性近似与海底反射系数的相移参数无关,其散射系数则近似与相移参数的4次方成正比.     

单块非平面环形腔激光器的强度噪声抑制技术研究

研究了LD泵浦1319nm单块非平面环形腔(NPRO)激光器的强度噪声特性,发现随着输出功率的增加,弛豫振荡峰频率从100kHz向280kHz移动,同时弛豫振荡峰宽度增加但幅度降低,且在弛豫振荡峰处发生π相位跃变,在600kHz以上频率区域,噪声已经接近量子噪声极限。自行设计的噪声抑制电路在实现足够大增益的同时,在500kHz附近获得了约65°的相位超前,由此获得了优于通常同类实验的噪声抑制结果:当弛豫振荡峰频率为230kHz时,弛豫振荡峰处和低频区域的强度噪声幅度分别被抑制了45dB和20dB。     

浅海二维海底散射系数的测量

本文介绍了一种在浅海中直接测量海底二维后向散射系数的方法,并用来获得散射系数对入射和散射掠角的依赖关系。使用的声频率为10kHz,测量的掠角范围为0.6°至40°。实验中我们还验证了海底散射系数对入射和散射掠角依赖关系的互易性。此外,在测量散射系数的同时,我们测量了10kHz频率的混响级及海底反射系数。实验海区的声速剖面为负跃层。把测得的海底散射和反射系数代入混响理论计算公式所求得的结果与实测到的混响级相符得很好。     

固体滑移界面的超声评价

为评价固体滑移界面的特性,根据QSM界面模型和粘滞流体的本构方程导出了滑移界面的界面劲度系数及垂直入射到固体滑移界面的超声纵波和SH波的反射系数公式,其中纵波的反射系数与滑移界面层的绝热体积弹性模量、粘滞系数和入射声波的频率有关,而SH波的反射系数与界面层的绝热体积弹性模量和入射波的频率无关。因此,可以用SH波直接评价界面的不同粘滞状态,且不受检测频率的限制。要评价界面的绝热体积弹性模量,则必须增加纵波检测。利用蜂蜜和水模拟不同滑移界面层的声波反射实验验证了上述理论结果。     

20 Hz~10 kHz光纤水听器相移灵敏度校准

利用相位生成载波解调技术精确测量光纤水听器的光相移量,在20 Hz~10 kHz频率范围实现了光纤水听器探头相移灵敏度的校准.20 Hz~1.25 kHz频段采用驻波管比较法进行校准,1.25 kHz~10 kHz频段采用自由场脉冲比较法进行校准.利用本文建立的校准系统,对TMD 35#光纤水听器的相移灵敏度进行校准,校准结果表明,两种方法测得的相移灵敏度具有很好的一致性,在1.25 kHz频率点的相移灵敏度值偏差为0.8 dB.不确定度分析表明,该校准系统的扩展不确定度(k=2)为0.9 dB.     

北极典型冰下声信道建模及特性

将Burke-Twersky (BT)散射模型与射线理论相结合研究北极典型冰下的水声信道特性。BT模型将极地冰水界面的冰脊视为随机分布在自由表面的半椭圆柱。首先根据BT模型分别对高频和低频情况下的冰面反射系数取近似,计算不同频率的冰面反射系数。然后结合射线理论计算冰下声场并分析冰下信道特性,并与相同条件下绝对软界面的水声信道进行对比研究。结果显示,由于冰界面的存在,冰水界面与绝对软界面相比,冰面反射系数较小,使得部分声线不会传播很远,且随频率的增加衰减越发严重,因此不利于声信号远距离传播;此外在信道结构上,由于冰层反射系数较小,冰下信道多径相较于无冰的水-空气界面其多途现象不明显。研究结果对认知极地冰下水声信道特性以及开展极地水声系统性能预报具有一定意义。      

北极水下声信号跨冰层变化分析

北极海冰阻碍了海水和空气两个空间的信息传输。为获得冰层对水下声信号跨冰层传输的影响,采用三维检波器在北冰洋中心区开展了水下声信号的跨冰层实验。利用水冰界面反射模型和自由冰层Lamb波模型,对水下声信号小角度(小于10°)入射冰层时测量数据进行分析,结果表明:(1)20 Hz~1 kHz声信号入射到光滑冰层时,某些频率声波的反射率会明显降低,其中93%的反射率低点超过-10 dB,有的甚至会达到-20 dB以上。(2)冰层反射率低点对应的频段声波,能被冰层上方检波器接收到,并显示出较强的合振速谱,且与该站位自由冰层模型中同时产生的A2和S2模态Lamb波在频段上相符。这些结果可为跨冰层水声信号拾取和水声传播研究提供参考。      

双颗粒凝聚气溶胶的吸湿增长模型及散射特性

基于单颗粒气溶胶吸湿增长模型,分别建立了亲水性和亲疏水性双颗粒凝聚气溶胶的吸湿增长模型,并利用离散偶极子近似方法计算了不同相对湿度时两种凝聚粒子的散射特性。结果表明:在40%～90%湿度范围内,亲水性双颗粒凝聚气溶胶[以氯化钠(NaCl)-硝酸钠(NaNO_3)颗粒为例]的散射系数存在两次跃变,而散射系数跃变的位置和增幅与NaCl-NaNO_3颗粒的体积比密切相关;二次潮解后,不同体积比的亲水性凝聚粒子的散射系数随相对湿度的增加均呈现出指数增长趋势,且NaNO_3的体积分数越大,散射系数增长幅度越大。对于不同体积比的亲疏水性双颗粒凝聚粒子(以NaCl-烟尘颗粒为例),散射系数随相对湿度的增加均呈现指数增长,NaCl的体积比越大,散射系数增长越快,而潮解后亲疏水性粒子的相对位置关系对凝聚粒子散射系数的影响较小。上述结果可为进一步研究多颗粒凝聚气溶胶的吸湿散射特性提供可靠的理论基础。     

考虑界面状况时柱状弹性固体的声波散射

导出了求解母材料固体中镶嵌的柱状弹性固体(两固体间存在界面薄层)声波散射系数的一般表达式.根据Flax的共振散射理论,对背向散射谱中的共振模式进行了识别.利用模拟界面薄层的弹簧模型,考察了界面层切向劲度常数K_T对共振模式形态的影响 关键词： 声波散射 共振模式 界面     

100kHz～500kHz压电复合材料标准水听器

本文介绍了一种我们制作的可应用于100kHz～500kHz频段的标准水听器,水听器敏感元件采用1-3型压电复合材料,通过对敏感元件及水听器结构进行合理设计,从工艺上保证水听器性能的稳定、可靠,制作完成的标准水听器满足高频标准的所有技术指标要求。测试结果表明,水听器的接收灵敏度大于-194dB,频段内灵敏度起伏为2.9dB,最高使用频率-3dB波束宽度大于20度;稳定性考核表明,水听器有良好的温度、时间稳定性,是一种比较理想的中高频标准水听器,适合于水声的校准和中高频声信号测试。     

\sigma-\omega model and compressible bag model

Compressible bag model is formulated on the basis of lagrangian field theory. A specific application is done in conjunction with - model. The results are similar to Chin-Walecka model and almost reproduce our previous results. The effective nucleon mass does not become so small owing to the compressibility, in contrast to Chin-Walecka model. Received: 12 May 1998 / Revised version: 9 July 1998 / Published online: 8 September 1998     

Two-site model and its relation to the polaron-crystal model

A symmetric two-site, one-electron model is treated within perturbation theory in electron wavefunction overlap from different sites. The significant role of the double degeneracy of levels in the unperturbed Hamiltonian is pointed out. It is shown that as a result of this the terms of the perturbative expansion for the correction to the energy of an unperturbed level produce different results depending on the parity of the order. Namely, even terms give rise to a level shift (an analog of the polaron shift in the polaron-crystal model), while odd terms result in splitting (an analog of the polaron band width). Also, the shift of the levels decreases with increasing vibronic coupling constant by a power law, and their splitting, exponentially. This is in full accord with the well-known results of small-radius polaron theory. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 39, 2159–2167 (December 1997)     

Quantum dynamics and decoherence in generalized Coleman-Hepp model and boson detector model

Decoherence process in quantum mechanical entangled spin states is formulated and solved on the basis of a generalized Coleman-Hepp model and a boson detector model. These models are exactly solved to give reduced density matrices and the von Neumann entropy. Detailed studies are done on environmental fluctuations which cause decoherence in the correlated entangled states: a single detector model and two detectors model are examined with the use of analytic solutions and numerical evaluations.Received: 13 May 2004, Published online: 10 August 2004PACS: 03.65.-w Quantum mechanics - 05.30.-d Quantum statistical mechanics     

Holstein model and Datta model of dephasing in one-dimensional chains

We consider the recently proposed “momentum conserving” dephasing model of Golizadeh-Mojarad and Datta [R. Golizadeh-Mojarad, S. Datta, Phys. Rev. B 75 (2007) 081301(R)] versus the “momentum relaxing” Holstein dephasing model. For both models, a detailed analysis of the coherent and incoherent components of the transmission coefficient is presented. The comparison between the two models reveals significant differences in the scaling properties of the coherent and incoherent contributions as functions of the dephasing strength and the length of the region where it acts. We also provide an analytic model that describes the peculiar behavior of the coherent component of the transmission coefficient. Our simulations are based on the Keldysh Green’s function method in the tight-binding framework.     

Equivalence between the Mueller Regge model and the multiperipheral model

It is proven that a large class of pionization Mueller Regge models are equivalent to the multiperipheral model. An orthogonal similarity transformation is found which allows one to transform in either direction between equivalent multiperipheral and Mueller models. Models with charge are discussed and the problem of constructing charge conserving Mueller models is solved.     

Renormalization connection between the eight-vertex model and the gaussian model

A generalized version of the Villain model is defined which contains the eight-vertex model as a special case. A renormalization pattern is formulated in terms of this Villain model by which critical line(s) in the eight-vertex model are connected with the Gaussian fixed line. Gaussian equivalents are found for various operators along the Baxter line. The relation between the present results and those recently obtained by Kadanoff and Brown is discussed.     

Metastability in the Hamiltonian mean field model and Kuramoto model

We briefly discuss the state of the art on the anomalous dynamics of the Hamiltonian mean field (HMF) model. We stress the important role of the initial conditions for understanding the microscopic nature of the intriguing metastable quasi-stationary states (QSS) observed in the model and the connections to Tsallis statistics and glassy dynamics. We also present new results on the existence of metastable states in the Kuramoto model and discuss the similarities with those found in the HMF model. The existence of metastability seems to be quite a common phenomenon in fully coupled systems, whose origin could be also interpreted as a dynamical mechanism preventing or hindering synchronization.