自发产生相干对Y型四能级原子系统探测吸收的影响

在与三个场相互作用的Y型四能级原子系统中,利用密度矩阵方程计算了介质对探测场的吸收,分析了自发产生相干对探测吸收的影响.结果发现:随着自发产生相干的影响,在共振中心处,探测吸收表现出不同的现象.当自发产生相干对探测吸收产生相消干涉时,随着自发产生相干的增强,在共振中心处削弱吸收,出现增益.当自发产生相干对探测吸收产生相长干涉时,随着自发产生相干的增强,在共振中心处出现吸收增强,也即出现电磁诱导吸收(electromagnetically induced absorption,简称EIA),在共振两侧的双电磁感应透明强度(electromagnetically induced transparency,简称EIT)增强,窗口变宽.同时,在能级| 3〉→| 2〉与| 4〉→| 2〉的自发衰减速率比值不变下,当能级|3〉→|2〉与|4〉→|2〉的自发衰减速率减小时,在共振中心处,吸收线宽变窄,共振两侧的透明窗口变宽.     

倒Y型四能级系统中自发辐射诱导相干对弱探测场的色散和吸收特性的影响

本文研究了倒Y型四能级系统中自发辐射诱导相干对探测场的色散和吸收特性的影响。在稳态条件下利用密度矩阵微扰理论推导出了密度矩阵的迭代解。数值分析了自发辐射诱导相干对线性和非线性折射率和吸收系数的影响,分析了泵浦场和耦合场偏离双光子共振对弱探测场色散和吸收特性的影响。研究发现自发辐射诱导相干使弱探测光的线性和非线性折射率增强,同时形成一个较宽的透明窗。在没有自发辐射诱导相干的情况下,泵浦场和耦合场偏离双光子共振对探测场的线性和非线性折射率影响明显,在有自发辐射诱导相干的情况下,泵浦场和耦合场偏离双光子共振使得探测场的线性透明窗变窄,非线性吸收增加。     

Y型四能级原子系统对探测场的吸收和色散

运用数值模拟的方法计算了Y型四能级原子系统在弱场条件下对探测场的吸收和色散.结果发 现，通过调制能级间附加的外场强度，该系统呈现出电磁感应透明特性，出现增益区并伴有 较大负折射率的色散效应.同时还发现，当外加场的拉比频率相位发生改变时，系统对探测 光场的吸收和色散将随之变化. 关键词： 电磁感应透明 自发辐射 量子干涉     

Tripod-type四能级原子系统中的非线性效应

研究了Tripod-type四能级原子与三光场相互作用系统的量子干涉效应.结果显示在一定条件下当控制场的拉比频率改变时,探测场对应的介质色散曲线可以实现从反常色散到正常色散的转变,出现了开关效应.在一定参数条件下共振-近共振区域会出现电磁感应透明.     

回音壁微腔光力系统的相干控制与完全相干透射

本文研究了两侧同时输入的回音壁模谐振双微腔光力系统中电磁诱导透明的相干调控.通过改变双微腔两侧探测场的强度比值及相位差,可以有效控制电磁诱导透明窗口的宽度和深度,对探测场的吸收和色散等性质实施显著的影响,并且能够在特殊频率处产生关于探测场的完全相干透射现象.     

原子晶格中基于自发辐射相干效应的光子带隙

利用电磁感应透明技术,在一维光晶格中相干驱动四能级Lambda模型冷原子系统,从而实现动力学可调谐电磁感应光子带隙结构。基于两邻近能级间的自发辐射相干(SGC)效应,通过控制耦合场从远共振到共振,使该原子系统实现从两个光子带隙转变为三个光子带隙的动态过程。当自发辐射相干效应不存在时,在探测场共振区域处探测光子被原子系统强烈吸收,因此感应光子带隙严重形变甚至无法形成。通过数值计算证明光子带隙结构的形成源自于自发辐射相干效应下探测场和耦合场之间的三阶交叉克尔(Kerr)非线性调制,并且通过控制耦合场的耦合方式,可以实现系统从两个光子带隙到三个光子带隙的动力学调控。     

在双Lamder模型中实现可调控光子带隙

研究驻波场相干驱动下四能级双Lamder模型的电磁感应光子带隙.当耦合场是远共振或共振时,来自于两邻近能级间的自发辐射相干效应(SGC)有助于实现一个或两个光子带隙.当自发辐射相干效应不存在时,探测场被原子系统强烈吸收,因此导致光子带隙严重形变甚至无法形成.数值结果表明,光子带隙结构是由SGC效应导致探测场和耦合场之间的相干增强Kerr非线性调制而产生,并改变驻波场的耦合方式,使系统实现单光子带隙转变为双光子带隙的动态调控.     

一维原子晶格中基于电磁感应透明的可调控光子带隙

利用电磁感应透明技术,在一维光晶格中相干驱动四能级N模型冷原子,实现动力学可调谐电磁感应光子带隙结构.在该原子系统中,光晶格中的原子密度呈高斯分布,使整个介质的密度在空间上呈周期性分布,导致探测场的折射率被空间调制,从而产生带隙结构.理论计算表明:基于两强耦合场的双暗态共振作用,探测场的吸收谱出现两个透明窗口;当满足Bragg条件时,探测场的三个不同频率区域内光子态密度减小,形成光子带隙结构.另外,改变两个耦合场的强度和失谐可以有效地调控光子带隙的宽度和位置.     

四能级原子系统中的电磁感应透明及光开关现象

研究了闭合的Tripod-type四能级原子系统,使系统在三模光场相互作用下,利用量子干涉对其进行研究.结果显示在一定条件下,当改变控制场的拉比频率时,探测场对应的介质色散曲线可以实现从反常色散到正常色散的转变,出现了开关效应.并且在一定条件下共振-近共振区域会出现电磁感应透明.     

准Λ型四能级原子系统中的烧孔和光学双稳现象

研究了准Λ型四能级原子与两光场相互作用系统中的量子干涉效应.发现在弱探测场下系统驱动场拉比频率改变时,其色散曲线会呈现出烧孔现象,吸收增益曲线会出现全增益区以及宽而平坦的电磁感应透明窗口.另外,色散曲线随探测场拉比频率相位的演化会呈现出光学双稳态效应.     

Effect of spontaneously generated coherence on left-handedness in a degeneracy atomic system

A theoretical investigation is carried out into the effect of spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) on the left-handedness in a four-level Y-type atomic system with two highest nearly degenerate lying levels. It is found, with the spontaneously generated coherence intensity enhancing, the atomic system gradually displays left-handedness with simultaneous negative permittivity and permeability. And the refractive index enhances with the increasing intensity of SGC. However, the absorption is suppressed by the SGC effect when the SGC has a large intensity. When the probe field is near-resonant coupled to the atomic system, the appearance of SGC doesn’t always change the permeability from positive to negative and allow for lefthanded behavior, unless the SGC reaches a large intensity.     

Phase control of probe response in an open ladder type system with spontaneously generated coherence

The control role of the relative phase between the probe and driving fields on the gain and dispersion in an open three-level ladder atomic system with incoherent pumping and spontaneously generated coherence is investigated. It is shown that by adjusting the value of the relative phase, the switching from lasing with inversion to lasing without inversion (LWI) can be realized; high index of the refraction with zero absorption can be achieved. It is also found that when the driving field is on resonance, the dispersion curve versus the probe detuning is very similar to the gain curve if the relative phase corresponding to the dispersion advances π/2 than that corresponding to the gain. LWI gain from the open system is obviously larger than that from corresponding closed system. When the incoherent pumping is absent, the open system can get LWI gain, moreover the gain is larger than that when the incoherent pumping presents for suitable value of the relative phase, but the corresponding closed system exhibits only absorption. In addition, manipulation effects of atomic exit and ratio of the injection rates on phase dependent gain are also analyzed.     

Electromagnetically induced negative refraction in an atomic system with spontaneously generated coherence

We propose a new scheme for realizing left-handed electromagnetic properties in a coherently driven four-level system. At the presence of spontaneously generated coherence and the local field effect, both dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability may have negative real parts of the same order in a small frequency band. Thus, one can achieve the negative refractive index and then manipulate it by modulating the coherent field or changing the atomic density. With incoherent pumping applied to have more remarkable spontaneously generated coherence, one can further obtain a wider frequency band of negative refraction and simultaneously reduce the accompanied absorption.     

Effect of spontaneously generated coherence on probe response in an open system

The effect of spontaneously generated coherence on the probe response in an open ladder atomic system with equispaced levels is studied. The result shows that by adjusting the strength of spontaneously generated coherence (SGC), electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and high dispersion (index of refraction) with zero absorption can be realized, a much larger gain without inversion (GWI) than that without SGC can be obtained. Moreover, in the open system and for some strength of SGC, GWI without the incoherent pumping is much larger than that with the incoherent pumping; however, in the corresponding closed system, when the incoherent pumping is absent, we cannot obtain any gain (with or without inversion) for any strength of SGC. In addition, the manipulation role of the atomic exit and injection rates on SGC-dependent absorption property is analyzed for the case when the incoherence pumping does not exist.     

Absorption-Amplification Response with or Without Spontaneously Generated Coherence in a Coherent Four-Level Atomic Medium

We discuss and analyze the absorption-amplification properties of a weak probe field in a typical four-level atomic system in the presence of an additional coherence term, the spontaneously generated coherence term. Theinfluences of the spontaneously generated coherence and a coherent pump field on the probe absorption (amplification)are investigated in detail. We show that the absorption of such a weak probe field can be dramatically enhanced dueto the presence of the spontaneously generated coherence. At the same time, the probe-absorption profile exhibitsthe double-peak structure and the probe-absorption peak gradually decreases as the pump intensity increases. On thecontrary, the amplification of such a weak probe field near the line center of the probe transition can be achieved byadjusting the coherent pump field intensity in the absence of the spontaneously generated coherence.     

Phase control in an open Λ-type system with spontaneously generated coherence

This paper investigates the control role of the relative phase between the probe and driving fields on the gain, dispersion and populations in an open A system with spontaneously generated coherence （SGC）. It shows that by adjusting the value of the relative phase, a change from lasing with inversion to lasing without inversion can be realized; the values and frequency spectrum regions of the inversionless gain and dispersion can be obviously varied; high refractive index with zero absorption and electromagnetically induced transparency can be achieved. It is also found that when the driving field is resonant, the shapes of the dispersion and the gain curves versus the probe detuning are very similar if the relative phase of the dispersion lags π/2 than that of the gain, however for the off-resonant driving field the similarity will disappear; the gain, dispersion and populations are periodical functions of the relative phase, the modulation period is always 2π; the contribution of SGC to the inversionless gain and dispersion is much larger than that of the dynamically induced coherence.     

Observation of spontaneously generated coherence on absorption in rubidium atomic beam

We report the experimental observation of the effect of spontaneously generated coherence on absorption without the rigorous requirement of close-lying levels. The experiments are studied in both a four-level N-type and a four-level inverted-Y-type atomic system in a rubidium atomic beam. With the coupling and controlling field, the N-type system is equivalent to a system with three closely upper levels coupled to one lower level by the same vacuum modes. The quantum interference can induce two prominent and nearly transparent holes where the slope of the refractive index is very steep. This special situation could allow the simultaneous propagation of two weak pulses with different frequencies. When we tune the wavelength of the controlling field, the N-type system turns to be the inverted-Y atomic system. Under the two-photon resonance condition, the system is equivalent to a V-type system with two closely upper levels, and the interference can reduce one broad transparency window in the middle of the absorption spectrum. Besides we can control the number of the spontaneously decay channels by the detuning of the controlling field, thus the effect of spontaneously generated coherence can exist in three or two closely space levels.     

The effect of the spontaneously generated coherence on the dynamical behaviors of the dispersion and the absorption

This paper investigates the effects of the spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) and incoherent pumping field on the dynamical behaviors of the dispersion and the absorption. Using a three-level Λ-type atomic medium, the influence of the relative phase between the applied fields on the transient dispersion and absorption is discussed. It is shown that the phase dependence of the dispersion and the absorption not only depend on the existence of SGC, but they depend on the existence of the incoherent pumping field as well. We show that the medium can be used as an optical switch in which the propagation of the laser pulse can be controlled by another laser field.     

Dynamically controlled optical nonreciprocity of a double-ladder system with spontaneously generated coherence in moving atomic optical lattice

A four-level double-ladder cold atoms system with spontaneously generated coherence trapped in a moving optical lattice is explored to achieve optical nonreciprocity. When spontaneously generated coherence(SGC) is present, the remarkable contrast optical nonreciprocity of light transmission and reflection can be generated at each induced photonic bandgap in the optical lattice with a velocity of a few m/s. However, when the SGC effect is absent, the optical nonreciprocity becomes weak or even vanishing due to the strong absorption. It is found that the optical nonreciprocity is related to the asymmetric Doppler effect in transmission and reflection, meanwhile the degree and position of optical nonreciprocity can be tuned by the SGC effect and the Rabi frequency of the trigger field.     

Optical properties of an open three-level atomic system via coherent and incoherent fields

In this paper, coherent and incoherent control of optical properties of open ladder- type three-level atomic system is investigated. It is shown that in the presence of spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) and incoherent pumping filed, group velocity, absorption and dispersion of the probe field can be controlled by adjusting the ratio between atomic injection and exit rates. Also, the bistabal behaviors of the system are discussed. It is shown that the ratio between atomic injections and exit rate can influence the bistabal threshold intensity and related hysteresis loop. More interestingly, it is found that SGC and incoherent pumping field effects have a central role for distinguishing between open and closed system.