A Wide Band Strong Acoustic Absorption in a Locally Network Anechoic Coating

Composite materials with interpenetrating network structures usually exhibit unexpected merit due to the cooperative interaction. Locally resonant phononic crystals （LRPC） exhibit excellent sound attenuation performance based on a periodical arrangement of sound wave scatters. Inspired by the interpenetrating network structure and the LRPC concept, we develop a locally network anechoic coating （LNAC） that can achieve a wide band of underwater strong acoustic absorption. The experimental results show that the LNAC possesses an excellent underwater acoustic absorbing capacity in a wide frequency range. Moreover, in order to investigate the impact of the interpenetrating network structure, we fabricate a faultage structure sample and the network is disconnected by hard polyurethane （PU）. The experimental comparison between the LNAC and the fanltage structure sample shows that the interpenetrating network structure of the LNAC plays an important role in achieving a wide band strong acoustic absorption.     

Investigations on the acoustic transmission characteristics of underwater perforated panel structures

Perforated panel structures have a wide potential in underwater applications. However, up to now there has been little related research. The acoustic impedance of an underwater perforated panel is obtained based on the theories for air perforated panel sound absorption. In this paper sound transmission characteristics of underwater perforated panel structures are theoretically analyzed by the transfer matrix method. A formula for normal incidence sound transmission coefficients is given. The main factors that have effects on the acoustic transmission coefficient are analyzed by numerical simulations. The perforated panel structures made by ourselves are tested in a standing-wave tube by the four-sensor transfer-function method. The experimental results are well in accord with the results obtained by the numerical method, which proves that the theoretical analysis is correct. This paper has provided theoretical and experimental bases for the design of underwater perforated panel structures.     

Estimation of boundary parameters and prediction of transmission loss based upon ray acoustics

1 IntroductionThe sea and its boundaries (the sea surface and the sea floor) can exert a profound influenceon the acoustic energy propagation through the action of reflection, scattering and absorption.The performance of an underwater acoustic system is related to the sound propagation in thesea. transmission Loss (TL) is an important parameter used to describe quantitatively thecharacteristics of the underwater sound propagation. Prediction of TL plays an important rolein forecasting acoust…     

The parametric source method for measuring characteristics of underwater acoustic materials in a pressure vessel

A truncated broadband parametric array with a primary frequency of 500 kHz and difference frequency range of 1 kHz to 30 kHz was designed as a sound source of the underwater acoustic material measurement system.By analyzing the theoretical calculation and actual measurement results in array directivity of the truncated broadband parametric source at typical frequencies,we observed that the curves of the two results were basically consistent,which proved that the calculation model was correct.Application of bell-shaped short-duration pulse to achieve broadband measurement for characteristics of underwater acoustic materials was beneficial to reduce the effects of diffraction from the panel edges.The measurement system was established for measuring the sound pressure reflection coefficients,sound pressure transmission coefficients and absorption coefficients of the large panel sample in the pressure vessel.The size of this tank is φ4 m×12 m,the maximum hydrostatic pressure is 4.5 MPa,and the corresponding measuring frequency range is from 1 kHz to 30 kHz.The measured curves had a good agreement with theoretical curves,which verified that the parametric source measurement method was feasible.Then,the sound absorption properties of the rubber plate sample were measured under different hydrostatic pressures.The studying results could show that the parametric source measurement method had the potential application in the limited space water,such as the pressure vessel.     

The nonlinear propagation of acoustic waves in a viscoelastic medium containing cylindrical micropores

Based on an equivalent medium approach, this paper presents a model describing the nonlinear propagation of acoustic waves in a viscoelastic medium containing cylindrical micropores. The influences of pores' nonlinear oscillations on sound attenuation, sound dispersion and an equivalent acoustic nonlinearity parameter are discussed. The calculated results show that the attenuation increases with an increasing volume fraction of micropores. The peak of sound velocity and attenuation occurs at the resonant frequency of the micropores while the peak of the equivalent acoustic nonlinearity parameter occurs at the half of the resonant frequency of the micropores. Furthermore, multiple scattering has been taken into account, which leads to a modification to the effective wave number in the equivalent medium approach. We find that these linear and nonlinear acoustic parameters need to be corrected when the volume fraction of micropores is larger than 0.1%.     

Superscattering of Underwater Sound via Deep Learning Approach

We design a multilayer cylindrical structure to realize superscattering of underwater sound. Because of the near degeneracy of resonances in multiple channels of the structure, the scattering contributions from these resonances can overlap to break the single-channel limit of subwavelength objects. However, tuning the design parameters to achieve the target response is an optimization process that is tedious and time-consuming. Here,we demonstrate that a well-trained tandem neural network can de...     

Effects of core position of locally resonant scatterers on low-frequency acoustic absorption in viscoelastic panel

Locally resonant sonic materials, due to their ability to control the propagation of low-frequency elastic waves, have become a promising option for underwater sound absorption materials. In this paper, the finite element method is used to investigate the absorption characteristics of a viscoelastic panel periodically embedded with a type of infinite-long noncoaxially cylindrical locally resonant scatterers(LRSs). The effect of the core position in the coating layer of the LRS on the low-frequency(500 Hz–3000 Hz) sound absorption property is investigated. With increasing the longitudinal core eccentricity e, there occur few changes in the absorptance at the frequencies below 1500 Hz, however, the absorptance above 1500 Hz becomes gradually better and the valid absorption(with absorptance above 0.8) frequency band(VAFB)of the viscoelastic panel becomes accordingly broader. The absorption mechanism is revealed by using the displacement field maps of the viscoelastic panel and the steel slab. The results show two typical resonance modes. One is the overall resonance mode(ORM) caused by steel backing, and the other is the core resonance mode(CRM) caused by LRS. The absorptance of the viscoelastic panel by ORM is induced mainly by the vibration of the steel slab and affected little by core position. On the contrary, with increasing the core eccentricity, the CRM shifts toward high frequency band and decouples with the ORM, leading to two separate absorption peaks and the broadened VAFB of the panel.     

Research on the sound absorption performance of metal rubber material

The sound absorption performance of Metal Rubber material was studied theoretically and experimentally. The acoustic impedance rate and the sound absorption coefficient were derived based on the acoustic parameters of metal rubber material. The relation of structure constant, compressibility modulus and structural parameters was investigated experimentally. The results showed that the specimen of metal rubber with the same mean porosity diameter had the same structure constant. For the same structural parameters, the compressibility modulus of metal rubber material was approximately constant in certain frequency range. The calculated acoustic parameters are in good agreement with the experimental results, demonstrating the effectiveness of theoretical models.     

Enhancement of low-frequency sound absorption of microperforated panels by adding a mechanical impedance

In order to solve the bad low frequency sound absorption of the Micro-Perforated panel(MPP)absorber,mechanical impedance was introduced in the back of the MPP absorber to form a composite structure.According to the same particle vibration velocity on both sides of a plate,the mechanical impedance plate transfer matrix could be obtained.The units of the mechanical impedance,cavity and MPP were connected in series with the use of the transfer matrix method,thus creating the composite structure’s theoretical calculation model.The quality factor affecting absorption bandwidth was analyzed.Bandwidth is inversely proportional to the mechanical impedance plate mass.During the experiments,when at close to 400 Hz,the composite structure reached an absorption peak with a coefficient of above 0.8.Experimental results concurred with theoretical calculations.Mechanical resonance is added based on the traditional MPP resonance sound absorption mechanism.Through this,the performance of low frequency sound absorption can be improved without increasing the thickness of the structure.The frequency band can be broadened by reducing the mechanical impedance plate mass and controlling its boundary-damping coefficient.     

Phononic glass: A robust acoustic-absorption material

In order to achieve strong wide band acoustic absorption under high hydrostatic pressure, an interpenetrating network structure is introduced into the locally resonant phononic crystal to fabricate a type of phononic composite material called "phononic glass." Underwater acoustic absorption coefficient measurements show that the material owns high underwater sound absorption coefficients over 0.9 in 12-30?kHz. Moreover, the quasi-static compressive behavior shows that the phononic glass has a compressive strength over 5?MPa which is crucial for underwater applications.     

Optimization of locally resonant acoustic metamaterials on underwater sound absorption characteristics

The study of acoustic metamaterials, also known as locally resonant sonic materials, has recently focused on the topic of underwater sound absorption. The high absorption occurs only within a narrow frequency band around the locally resonant frequency. Nevertheless, this problem can be addressed through a combination of several acoustic metamaterial layers that have different resonant frequencies. In this paper, an optimization scheme, a genetic and a general nonlinear constrained algorithm, is utilized to enhance the low-frequency underwater sound absorption of an acoustic metamaterial slab with several layers. Both the physical and structural parameters of the acoustic metamaterial slab are optimized to enlarge the absorption band. In addition, the sound absorption mechanism of the acoustic metamaterial slab is also analyzed. The result shows that each layer is found to oscillate as a nearly independent unit at its corresponding resonant frequency. The theoretical and experimental results both demonstrate that the optimized metamaterial slab can achieve a broadband (800–2500 Hz) absorption of underwater sound, which is a helpful guidance on the design of anechoic coatings.     

黏弹性材料的动态力学特性及其对覆盖层吸声性能的影响

本文利用标准化动态力学测量手段获得了某种高分子聚合物的动态杨氏模量,并根据时温等效原理对动态杨氏模量与声学测量在频段上的差异加以分析和转换,得到了500—7500 Hz频率范围内该黏弹性材料杨氏模量随频率变化的特性.基于所测得动态杨氏模量,采用有限元方法分析了均匀黏弹材料的吸声性能,并将仿真结果与样品声管实验数据进行对比,验证了测试所得参数的准确性.进一步仿真分析了含有局域共振结构的声学覆盖层吸声性能,并讨论了黏弹性材料的动态特性对其吸声性能的影响,提出了改进水声覆盖层低频宽带吸声特性的建议.     

基于声学超材料的低频可调吸收器

在当今社会,噪声污染已经成为人类健康的一大威胁,如何有效地控制和消除噪声污染一直是科研领域的一个重要话题.本文以开口环嵌套结构为模型,设计并制备了一种声学超材料.通过理论分析、数值模拟和实验测试,发现由于模型内部空腔的强烈耦合共振效应,该超材料可以在低频区域实现接近完美的吸声效应.此外,通过简单地绕轴旋转其内腔开口方向,即可改变该超材料的相对阻抗值,进而在较宽的频带范围内实现对吸收峰位置的可调控制.由于该超材料具有深亚波长的尺寸,因此非常有利于低频吸声器件的小型化和集成化,同时该模型也为宽带吸收器的设计奠定了基础.     

Investigation of locally resonant absorption and factors affecting the absorption band of a phononic glass

We experimentally and theoretically investigated the mechanisms of acoustic absorption in phononic glass to optimize its properties. First, we experimentally studied its locally resonant absorption mechanism. From these results, we attributed its strong sound attenuation to its locally resonant units and its broadband absorption to its networked structure. These experiments also indicated that the porosity and thickness of the phononic glass must be tuned to achieve the best sound absorption at given frequencies. Then, using lumped-mass methods, we studied how the absorption bandgaps of the phononic glass were affected by various factors, including the porosity and the properties of the coating materials. These calculations gave optimal ranges for selecting the porosity, modulus of the coating material, and ratio of the compliant coating to the stiff matrix to achieve absorption bandgaps in the range of 6–30 kHz. This paper provides guidelines for designing phononic glasses with proper structures and component materials to work in specific frequency ranges.     

基于局域共振单元实现声子晶体低频多通道滤波

从理论上提出一种由局域共振单元组成的声子晶体低频多通道滤波模型.在二维三组元局域共振声子晶体中引入不同填充率的共振单元构成波导结构,通过有限元法计算出其能带结构、透射曲线和透射场图.结果显示:这种设计能够在低频带隙范围内不同填充率散射体的共振频率附近产生新的分立模,且这些分立模能够使相应的声波在声子晶体中沿波导方向传播;这些分立模只与相应的共振单元相关,抗干扰能力强.所得结果为低频多通道滤波器的设计提供了一种新的理论依据.     

经典局域共振型水声超材料的吸隔声性能研究*

基于水声超材料吸声机理和多层平行介质平面波理论,建立局域共振型水声超材料结构,通过COMSOL进行建模计算,研究该结构的吸声性能机理,此外为了验证钢背衬的隔声性能,在该水声超材料结构基础上添加一层0.005m厚的钢背衬进行仿真对比。研究结果表明,在频段为200Hz-4000Hz时,水声超材料声学性能较好,吸声性能整体较优,且添加钢背衬的水声超材料隔声性能较优,甚至在某频率点达到15dB的隔声差值;此外通过位移场图进一步揭示水声超材料的吸声机理,发现水声超材料结构的位移场和钢背衬都对吸声性能会产生影响,钢背衬通过影响共振吸收来影响吸声性能,而位移场则通过位移幅度大小影响吸声性能。     

Effects of locally resonant modes on underwater sound absorption in viscoelastic materials

Recently, by introducing locally resonant scatterers with spherical shape proposed in phononic crystals into design of underwater sound absorption materials, the low-frequency underwater sound absorption phenomenon induced by the localized resonances is observed. To reveal this absorption mechanism, the effect of the locally resonant mode on underwater sound absorption should be studied. In this paper, the finite element method, which is testified efficiently by comparing the calculation results with those of the layer multiple scattering method, is introduced to investigate the dynamic modes and the corresponding sound absorption of localized resonance. The relationship between the resonance modes described with the displacement contours of one unit cell and the corresponding absorption spectra is discussed in detail, which shows that the localized resonance leads to the absorption peak, and the mode conversion from longitudinal to transverse waves at the second absorption peak is more efficient than that at the first one. Finally, to show the modeling capability of FEM and investigate shape effects of locally resonant scatterers on underwater sound absorption, the absorption properties of viscoelastic materials containing locally resonant scatterers with ellipsoidal shape are discussed.     

含三聚氰胺多孔材料分层复合介质吸声特性*

三聚氰胺泡沫材料是一种具有高开孔率的多孔材料,具备优良的吸音、防火隔热及环保性能,可以作为吸声材料与弹性板、空腔介质形成复合结构,在建筑、航空、交通工具等工程领域有广泛的应用。该文基于Biot理论和分层介质在交界面处的不同边界条件,建立非均匀复合介质背衬刚性壁面结构的理论声学模型,详细分析了多孔材料布局对复合结构吸声特性的影响。该文理论模型计算的结果与阻抗实验得到的垂直入射吸声系数基本一致,验证了理论模型的正确性。结果表明:在多孔材料前面增加空气层可以改善高频吸声特性;在多孔材料后面增加空气层可以改善复合结构低频吸声特性。通过合理配置多孔材料,可以在应用需求频段上达到满意的吸声效果。