共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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纯氧化硅气凝胶孔隙率高,易碎且对红外光谱具有较强的选择透过性,高温隔热性能差。加入纤维和遮光剂可以改善材料力学性能和隔热性能,然而纤维的加入会增加气凝胶的固相导热、降低辐射传热,但总的作用是降低气凝胶的隔热性能;加入遮光剂抑制辐射传热的同时会增加固相导热,综合影响效果不仅随着遮光剂的种类、含量和大小的影响,还会随着使用温度变化。本文采用基于瞬态平面法的Hot Disk热常数分析仪在较大的温度范围内测试氧化硅气凝胶添加不同含量的Si02增强纤维和中空球、添加不同粒径和含量的SiC遮光剂对氧化硅纳米多孔材料等效导热系数的影响规律,并对比了添加SiC、ZrO_2和TiO_2遮光剂的遮光效果。 相似文献
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碳遮光石英气凝胶传热机制与热性能数值模拟 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
建立了碳遮光石英气凝胶传热机制及热性能数值模拟方法,在交叉立方阵列导热模型、热辐射传输谱带模型、辐射导热耦合传热模型基础上,采用蒙特卡罗方法与有限体积法数值模拟了气凝胶内的热辐射传输及辐射导热耦合传热,并以表观导热系数描述气凝胶传热性能.以某石英气凝胶为例,定量模拟了热性能、各种传热方式的作用及温度依赖性,分析了应用Rosseland扩散近似引起的误差. 相似文献
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相变材料利用其相变潜热能力可吸收储存和释放利用热量,同时在相变过程中其温度浮动小,能够实现温度控制从而用于热管理.但是其低热导率和易泄露问题严重制约了其性能.石墨烯气凝胶因其丰富的多孔结构而具有较大的比表面积,可吸附相变材料解决其泄露问题,同时石墨烯的高导热系数可提高相变材料的热导率.这里选取正十八烷为相变材料,制备了不同质量分数的石墨烯气凝胶复合相变材料.测得石墨烯气凝胶含量为13.99 wt%的样品,其导热系数比纯正十八烷高出306.2%,熔化潜热和凝固潜热分别下降了13.8%和10.8%.分子动力学模拟结果表明,石墨烯气凝胶的引入会在一定程度上增强正十八烷分子的有序性和一致性,即在同一温度下复合相变材料中的正十八烷分子比纯正十八烷分子拥有更集中分布的末端距和扭转角,径向分布函数和自扩散系数都相对较低,说明石墨烯材料的引入可以提升正十八烷的导热系数. 相似文献
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层间稀薄气体传热对多层绝热材料性能的影响分析 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
通过建立的热量传递模型,分析了不同的气体稀薄程度(Knudsen数)时,气体传热对多层绝热材料有效热导率和各层温度分布的影响。分析表明:由多层绝热材料真空度变化引起的稀薄气体传热量波动较大,在10—60层/cm层密度范围,真空度低于100Pa时,Kn数属于自由分子状态区域和中间压强区域,此时材料的有效热导率随残留气体热适应系数的增大而减小,并随着真空度的降低而增大;当残留气体为空气时,为保证多层材料的绝热性能,尽量维持真空度不低于10-2Pa。同时分析表明,为有效降低低真空下稀薄气体传热对多层绝热性能的影响,可以采用综合热适应系数较低的气体置换夹层中的空气,以减少低真空多层绝热材料的有效热导率,改善绝热性能。 相似文献
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B.M. Zawilski R.T. Littleton IV N.D. Lowhorn T.M. Tritt 《Solid State Communications》2010,150(29-30):1299-1302
The recent theoretical one-dimensional models display invariably anomalous thermal conductivity. Thermal conductivity of several low-dimensional crystalline systems has been investigated using our new techniques. The results show that for most of the measured materials in the high temperature range the thermal conductivity is composed of two extremes: a low- and a high-conductive state. The effective thermal conductivity jumps abruptly between these two states giving rise to apparent discontinuities or “spikes”. 相似文献
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M.L. Grilli D. Ristau M. Dieckmann U. Willamowski 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2000,71(1):71-76
We present the results of the study on the thermal conductivity of different thin film materials produced by conventional thermal evaporation. The main features of the thermal pulse method employed for the measurement of the thermal conductivity are described. Thermal conductivity can be measured by determining the traveling time of a thermal wave propagating trough the film. A pump laser beam is directed onto a sample consisting of a thin transparent test layer and a totally absorbing substrate for the laser wavelength. As a consequence of the laser pulse, a temperature profile builds up at the substrate-film interface. A thermal pulse starts to diffuse from the substrate-film interface to the surface of the layer. Therefore, the temperature rise at the surface of the test layer starts with a time delay with respect to the laser pulse. The time delay depends on the propagation time of the thermal wave through the layer and is related to the thermal conductivity and the thickness of the layer. Measurements are evaluated by calculations based on the finite difference method. The results show that the analyzed thin films have lower thermal conductivity than the corresponding materials in bulk form. 相似文献
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Investigating the thermal conductivity of materials by analyzing the temperature distribution in diamond anvils cell under high pressure 下载免费PDF全文
Caihong Jia 《中国物理 B》2022,31(4):40701-040701
Investigating the thermal transport properties of materials is of great importance in the field of earth science and for the development of materials under extremely high temperatures and pressures. However, it is an enormous challenge to characterize the thermal and physical properties of materials using the diamond anvil cell (DAC) platform. In the present study, a steady-state method is used with a DAC and a combination of thermocouple temperature measurement and numerical analysis is performed to calculate the thermal conductivity of the material. To this end, temperature distributions in the DAC under high pressure are analyzed. We propose a three-dimensional radiative-conductive coupled heat transfer model to simulate the temperature field in the main components of the DAC and calculate in situ thermal conductivity under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. The proposed model is based on the finite volume method. The obtained results show that heat radiation has a great impact on the temperature field of the DAC, so that ignoring the radiation effect leads to large errors in calculating the heat transport properties of materials. Furthermore, the feasibility of studying the thermal conductivity of different materials is discussed through a numerical model combined with locally measured temperature in the DAC. This article is expected to become a reference for accurate measurement of in situ thermal conductivity in DACs at high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. 相似文献
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Michael Shapiro Vladislav Dudko Victor Royzen Yuri Krichevets Samuel Lekhtmakher Victor Grozubinsky Moshe Shapira Moti Brill 《Particle & Particle Systems Characterization》2004,21(4):268-275
The thermal conductivity of ceramic powder packed beds was measured at temperatures below 100 °C for various powder sizes and compositions and under different gas atmospheres. Measurements at low pressures (down to 10 Pa) combined with a theoretical model allowed the elucidation of geometrical and thermal resistance parameters for the contact points between granules. The gap thickness and contact point size were found to be well correlated with the mean particle size. The thermal conductivities of all powders at low pressure were found to differ at most by a factor of two, whereas the solid‐phase conductivities of the powder materials differed by more than one order of magnitude. A theoretical model accounting for the size‐dependence of contact point conductivity is incorporated to rationalize this trend. 相似文献
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R. Nikolić K. Kelić O. Nešković 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》1984,34(3):199-203
The thermal conductivities of seven candidate materials for solar-energy storage were measured as a function of temperature in the solid and liquid states. A drop in thermal conductivity was observed near the melting point. It was shown that the ratio of thermal conductivities in the liquid and solid phases depended on the structure of the material investigated. The vibrational conductivity contribution was calculated and compared with the experimental values for the thermal conductivities. 相似文献
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J. Hone M.C. Llaguno M.J. Biercuk A.T. Johnson B. Batlogg Z. Benes J.E. Fischer 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2002,74(3):339-343
The thermal properties of carbon nanotubes are directly related to their unique structure and small size. Because of these
properties, nanotubes may prove to be an ideal material for the study of low-dimensional phonon physics, and for thermal management,
both on the macro- and the micro-scale. We have begun to explore the thermal properties of nanotubes by measuring the specific
heat and thermal conductivity of bulk SWNT samples. In addition, we have synthesized nanotube-based composite materials and
measured their thermal conductivity.
The measured specific heat of single-walled nanotubes differs from that of both 2D graphene and 3D graphite, especially at
low temperatures, where 1D quantization of the phonon bandstructure is observed. The measured specific heat shows only weak
effects of intertube coupling in nanotube bundling, suggesting that this coupling is weaker than expected. The thermal conductivity
of nanotubes is large, even in bulk samples: aligned bundles of SWNTs show a thermal conductivity of >200 W/m K at room temperature.
A linear K(T) up to approximately 40 K may be due to 1D quantization; measurement of K(T) of samples with different average
nanotube diameters supports this interpretation.
Nanotube–epoxy blends show significantly enhanced thermal conductivity, showing that nanotube-based composites may be useful
not only for their potentially high strength, but also for their potentially high thermal conductivity.
Received: 17 October 2001 / Accepted: 3 December 2001 / Published online: 4 March 2002 相似文献
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A Fractal Model for Effective Thermal Conductivity of Isotropic Porous Silica Low-k Materials 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
We establish a new model based on fractal theory and cubic spline interpolation to study the effective thermal conductivity of isotropic porous silica low-k materials. A 3D fractal model is introduced to describe the structure of the silica xerogel and silica hybrid materials (such as methylsilsesquioxane, MSQ). Combined with fractal structure, a more suitable medium approximation is developed to study the isotropic porous silica xerogel and MSQ materials. Cubic spline interpolation for fitting discrete predictions from the fractal model is used to obtain the continuous function of the effective thermal conductivity versus porosity. Compared with other common models, the effective thermal conductivity predicted by our model presents better agreement with the experimental data for all porosity. These results indicate that the proposed model is valid. 相似文献
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R. Medina-Esquivel J. M. Yáñez-Limón J. J. Alvarado-Gil 《The European physical journal. Special topics》2008,153(1):75-77
We have measured the thermal diffusivity of micron size
Carbonyl Iron Powder suspension in a silicone oil base fluid, at various
Carbonyl Iron Powder concentrations by means of a photothermal technique
called Thermal Wave Cavity. Using literature data (density and specific heat
capacity) we can determine the effective thermal conductivity. We compare
our experimental results with various theoretical models for the effective
thermal conductivity in heterogeneous materials, previously deployed in the
literature. 相似文献
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以CaCO3作为Ca2+源, 利用传统固相烧结法制备了Cd1-xCaxO (x=0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05) 多晶块体样品并研究了Ca2+掺杂对CdO高温热电性能的影响. CaCO3的掺入会导致CdO多晶载流子浓度降低, 使Cd1-xCaxO的电阻率ρ和塞贝克系数的绝对值|S|增大、电子热导率κe减小. 同时, 在CdO中掺入CaCO3会引入点缺陷和气孔并可抑制CdO晶粒长大、晶界增多, 从而增加了对声子的散射, 使样品的声子热导率κp减小. 由于总热导率的大幅降低, Cd0.99Ca0.01O多晶样品在1000 K时的热电优值ZT可达0.42, 比本征CdO提高了约27%, 为迄今n型氧化物热电材料报道的最好结果之一. 相似文献