井旁溶洞的偶极反射声波测井响应研究*

反射声波成像测井是适应复杂地区勘探开发的一种测井新技术,能够对井旁几米至几十米内声阻抗不连续的地层界面、裂缝、溶洞、盐丘等不同地质构造进行探测评价。针对井旁存在一个不同尺度大小的溶洞时的偶极反射声波测井响应进行了数值模拟,得到了不同情况下的回波信号,探究了地层横波波长与井旁溶洞尺度之间的关系。研究结果表明,等源距阵列波形中,溶洞的回波波列有特殊的"抛物线"型形态,上提过程中距溶洞最近时,回波到时最早、幅度最大。当井旁溶洞直径逐渐增大时,回波信号幅度越强,反射横波偏移成像的结果越清晰。通过该研究,初步形成了一种反射声波测井评价井旁溶洞的方法。     

次声波在平流层波导中传播的数值模拟

对次声波在大气中传播进行了建模。通过结合保色散关系空间差分格式和Runge-Kutta时间格式的数值方法,建立了次声波传播模型。应用该次声波模型,研究了在耗散的重力分层大气中次声波的平流层导行传播。数值模拟结果表明,当次声波波包在平流层高度上被反射时,反射区域存在焦散现象,在声波的声压下降的同时,声波的能量得到聚焦。通过数值模拟结果与射线计算结果的对比表明,大气中声波传播的轨迹的精确描述需要应用全波解。      

层状各向异性固体媒质的声反射和声透射

本文导出了联系任意对称的各向异性固体层上下界面力学量（位移和应力）的传递矩阵，从而提出了层状固体媒质声反射和声透射的一般模型，作为例子，本文数值计算了金属铝中双层正交对称固体（其间界面呈刚性联接或滑移联接）对声波的反射和透射系数。     

利用三分量传感器进行声反射成像测井的新方法

声反射成像测井技术将声源与接收器布置于同一个井中,通过探测从井旁地质界面反射回来的信号,实现对井周围地质构造进行成像。这种勘探方法既弥补了地震波勘探在成像分辨率方面的不足,又提高了声波测井技术的探测范围,具有广泛的应用前景。然而,在理论研究     

层状多孔介质中声反射和透射

本文根据流体饱和多孔介质中声传播的Biot理论和多孔介质界面上的六个边界条件研究了平面声波斜入射于多层水平板状多孔介质时的反射和透射。数值计算了快纵波为入射波时声波频率、入射角等量的变化对能量的反射系数、透射系数的影响。数值计算结果表明,当声波波长与中间介质厚度呈一定比例时,反射系数、透射系数取得极值,入射角、多孔介质的性质对反射系数、透射系数的影响很大。     

气动声学中声传播问题的辛算法研究

引入辛算法对气动声学中的声传播问题进行了数值研究。采用Hamilton系统描述理想气体的声波方程,时间离散采用辛可分Runge-Kutta方法,空间离散采用近似解析方法,构造声波方程的保辛格式。将辛算法和有限差分算法分别在数值频散和计算效率等方面进行了对比分析,研究结果表明:辛算法能够有效地抑制数值频散,在计算效率方面具有明显的优越性。声传播特性模拟结果表明辛算法能够准确地模拟点源声辐射、声波干涉、反射及衍射现象。     

固体间界面的物理模型和界面对声波的反射

简要描述了模拟两固体间界面特性的弹簧模型，该模型最早是根据静力学方法提出的，后来用固体间界面薄层的声波反射方法加以改进，从界面弹簧模型可以方便地得到界面外近似边界条件，其中包含界面“弹簧”振子的劲度常数和质量，文章还给出了两相间固体中界面声反射系数的表达式，介绍了测量界面劲度常数的超声反射谱方法。最后讨论了仍关声波与界面相互作用研究领域中最近的一些研究进展。     

随钻单极子声波测井模式优化及远探测

针对非均匀性地层地质力学评价和地质导向钻井的需要,研究了随钻单极子声波的方位特性和反射声场特征,并研制了随钻声波测量装置.建立了不同方向速度模型井和反射声场模型,数值模拟了两个模型的单极子声波传播特征,使用单极子声源发射和偏极子接收器接收的测量模式,分别获得了波速周向变化图和反射波的方位特征.模拟结果表明,纵波对地层方...     

周期镶嵌亥姆霍兹共鸣腔平板的声全背向反射

研究斜入射声波在周期镶嵌亥姆霍兹共鸣器的刚性界面上的反射行为.共鸣器间的空间周期间隔d和入射声波的波长入相当,且大于共振腔尺寸,因此可被视为具有集总参数的声学元件.理论分析和数值计算均表明,当入射波频率和方向既满足布拉格共振条件又同时满足亥姆霍兹共振条件时,在通常的反射方向上反射声波消失,反射波逆入射方向传播,引起与常规反射全然不同的全背向反射.     

声脉冲在多孔性媒质界面上的反射

本文在理论上分析球面脉冲声波在空气和理想的多孔性媒质界面上的反射问题。在声源为脉冲点源的情形下,给出反射脉冲声波的一般表示式。对以下三种情况做了较详细的分析:(1)声源和接收点在垂直于界面的同一直线上,半无限厚多孔性媒质;(2)声源和接收点在垂直于界面的同一直线上,多孔性媒质层;(3)掠射,半无限厚多孔性媒质。脉冲声波在媒质层上的反射是以声脉冲在媒质层内多次反射和透射来处理的。文中还给出实验结果和理论计算的比较。     

基于邻井反射的偶极横波远探测验证方法

偶极横波远探测技术已成为探测井外地质构造的一种重要测井技术,需要针对偶极横波远探测的验证迫在眉睫。本文利用三维有限差分数值模拟方法,对比和分析了地层界面和相邻充液邻井产生的反射横波幅值的差别,结合现场实例,提出了偶极横波远探测成像测井的验证方法。在此基础之上,进一步分析了不同反射邻井结构时,反射横波幅度的变化情况,结果表明,采用多井联合方式可以有效的增加反射波的幅值,减小非共面产生的散射效应影响。最后,初步建立了两口试验井,测试数据处理结果与理论分析结果吻合,为下一步实验井方案的优选和完善提供了理论和数据支持。     

Reflection of drill-string extensional waves at the bit-rock contact

Downward propagating extensional waves are partially reflected at the bit-rock contact. The evaluation of the reflection coefficient is important to obtain while drilling information about the acoustic properties of the formations. The scope of this work is to estimate the bit-rock reflection coefficient, assuming a flat drill bit in perfect contact with the formation. Using the low-frequency approximation, which holds when the wavelength is much larger than the lateral dimensions of the borehole, the drill-string is assumed to be a laterally free rod, and the formation an homogeneous and isotropic medium. This work shows that the reflection coefficient of the extensional waves depends, along with the elastic properties of the formation, on the ratio of the cross sections of the drill-string and borehole. The impedance of the drilled rock can be calculated from the measured reflection coefficient, which is related to the amplitude of waves produced in the string and in the formation by a working drill-bit.     

固-固界面退化特性的超声反射评价方法

提出了一种基于有限宽超声束反射的固-固界面退化特性评价方法,从理论和数值仿真角度进行了分析和计算。将两固体界面间的薄层简化为界面弹簧模型,以界面法向和切向劲度系数表征界面的退化程度。通过数值计算求得有限宽超声纵波束在不同入射角和界面不同退化程度下的反射横波、反射纵波的镜面反射系数。进一步地,通过建立二维有限元模型,仿真研究了有限宽超声纵波束在给定入射角及界面不同退化程度下镜面反射系数的变化规律。结果表明,反射纵波和反射横波的镜面反射系数随有限宽超声纵波束的入射角及界面劲度系数的改变而变化,且存在镜面反射系数随界面劲度系数单调且敏感变化的入射角,据此可准确评价界面的退化程度。     

Acousto-electric well logging by eccentric source and extraction of shear wave

The nonaxisymmetric acousto-electric field excited by an eccentric acoustic source in the borehole based on Pride seismoelectric theory is considered. It is shown that the acoustic field inside the borehole, converted electric and magnetic fields and coupled fields outside the borehole are composed of an infinitude of multipole fields with different orders. The numerical results show that both the electromagnetic waves and the seismoelectric field in the borehole, and the three components of both electric field and magnetic field can be detected. Measurements on the borehole axis will be of advantage to determining shear velocity information. The components of the symmetric and nonsymmetric acoustic and electromagnetic fields can be strengthened or weakened by adding or subtracting the two full waveforms logged in some azimuths. It may be a new method of directly measuring the shear wave velocity by using the borehole seismoelectric effect.     

Laser ultrasonic characterization of adhesive bonds between epoxy coating and aluminum substrate

Nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation through transparent epoxy bonded to aluminum substrate excites wide-band ultrasonic waves at the bonded interface. The normal displacements on the rear surface of aluminum produced by the direct and multi-reflected longitudinal waves in the coating layer are detected by a laser interferometer. The amplitude of the reflected signal depends on the properties of the coating/substrate interface, which is described by terms of the interfacial stiffness using a spring boundary model. The waveforms at the epicenter versus interfacial stiffness are simulated and found to be in good agreement with experimental results. The relation between the interfacial stiffness and the amplitude ratio of the reflected and direct waves is thus established. An image of amplitude ratio of a specimen (null 10 mm) is obtained from the epicenter waveforms recorded by a laser ultrasonic scanning system, which shows the distribution of bond quality on the bonding interface.     

声波测井技术的重要进展——偶极横波远探测测井

近年来单井反射声波远探测技术的一个重要进展是利用偶极声波探测仪器来发射和接收地层深部的反射信号。本文首先介绍了单井反射声波成像技术的研究进展。然后,从偶极横波成像原理、充液井孔中偶极远场辐射指向性、偶极声源激励下的井外声场分布、反射横波幅度和反射系数、偶极横波数据中的反射波分析和现场资料处理实例分析等方面详细论述了偶极声波远探测技术。最后,讨论了这门技术今后改进和发展的方向,通过本文读者可以了解偶极横波远探测技术的原理、方法、效果和应用前景。     

Borehole guided waves in a non-Newtonian (Maxwell) fluid-saturated porous medium

<正>The property of acoustic guided waves generated in a fluid-filled borehole surrounded by a non-Newtonian (Maxwell) fluid-saturated porous formation with a permeable wall is investigated.The influence of non-Newtonian effects on acoustic guided waves such as Stoneley waves,pseudo-Rayleigh waves,flexural waves,and screw waves propagations in a fluid-filled borehole is demonstrated based on the generalized Biot-Tsiklauri model by calculating their velocity dispersion and attenuation coefficients.The corresponding acoustic waveforms illustrate their properties in time domain.The results are also compared with those based on generalized Biot's theory.The results show that the influence of non-Newtonian effect on acoustic guided wave,especially on the attenuation coefficient of guided wave propagation in borehole is noticeable.     

Numerical study on scanning radiation acoustic field in formations generated from a borehole

The directivity of acoustic transducers used in conventional acoustic logging tools is uncontrollable[1,2], which inevitably affects investigation depth and resolution. At present, deep and wide range of investigation in petroleum exploration is urgently re- quired. It is important to improve the exploration capability to find more complex and fine reservoirs[3], for which the direction of the radiated acoustic energy is a direct factor. Acoustic field in the formations generated by the source…     

反射波测井的菲涅尔带效应

基于反射波的单井远探测是声波测井发展的一个重要里程碑,可以有效探测距离井数米到数十米的异常反射体如裂缝,极大提升了声波测井的径向探测距离,在碳酸盐岩缝洞储层勘探开发有重要的作用。本文系统考察了有限尺寸裂缝的反射强度与声源频率和反射体距离的变化特征。模拟结果表明,无论是单极子还是偶极子,反射波的幅度都呈现出菲涅尔带效应。在一定距离内,反射波幅度随裂缝某一方向如宽度增大而增大,当宽带增加一定尺寸后,反射波幅度有一定的程度下降,然后小幅震荡。总之,反射波幅度与反射体尺寸不是简单的正相关,因此,基于反射波能量来评价反射体体积和储量是有条件的。