核科学百年讲座第八讲核科学技术在农业领域的应用

主要介绍核辐射和核示踪技术在农业生产中的应用，简单介绍我国核农业发展情况．核辐射农业应用分小节介绍辐射育种、昆虫辐射不育、食品辐射储藏保鲜与低剂量辐射刺激生物生长几个方面的基本原理、发展历史和它们在农业生产中的应用．核示踪农业应用简单介绍核示踪技术在土壤和肥料科学以及与农业相关的植物学、动物学、生物技术等领域的应用．     

核科学百年讲座第十讲中国老一代物理学家对核科学的重要贡献

核科学百年的重大发现与核技术应用对人类进步与社会发展产生了深远的影响，20世纪20年代以来，中国一批批有志青年抱着“科学救国”、“教育救国”的强烈愿望，奔赴西欧、北美，学习科学、攻读物理，他们在世界物理名师的指导下，发挥了中华儿女的聪明才智，在原子核科学研究方面取得许多重要成就和发现，为核科学发展做出了重要贡献，文章着重介绍这一批老一代物理学家在百年核科学发展中所做出的重要贡献和历史功绩。     

核科学百年讲座第六讲核科学技术在医学中的应用

文章介绍了核医学的发展历史及其在医学中的重大应用，介绍了核医学诊断、治疗的原理、特点以及核医学的几个重要分支学科．通过介绍，展示了核科学技术在人类医疗事业中的重大作用．     

核技术应用与国民经济

本文阐述了核技术及其应用的意义与内容，着重介绍了辐照与信息技术在工业、农业、医学各领域中的应用．     

21世纪：核物理与核技术应用的新时代

２１世纪：核物理与核技术应用的新时代从本世纪开始，核物理与核技术经历了极其深刻的革命，并在许多科学技术领域中引起深刻的变革，派生出了许多分支学科．此外，核物理与核技术和其他学科之间的渗透，又产生了许多交叉学科．可以说，２０世纪，核物理与核技术每时每刻...     

近代物理学与核技术

核技术是本世纪最尖端技术之一．它是以１９世纪末和２０世纪发展起来的现代物理学为基础的．核技术发展如此之快，没有现代物理学的支持是不可能的．文章讨论了核技术对经济、科学、技术的影响，着重强调现代物理学的发展直接影响核技术的发展     

核科学百年讲座第五讲辐射化学与辐射加工

介绍辐射化学和辐射加工的发展与应用，以及基本原理，侧重介绍辐射加工在高分子辐射交联改性、食品的辐照处理和医疗用品消毒等方面的应用．     

分形概念及其在材料科学中的应用

本文首先结合几个数学构造分形的例子介绍分形概念，然后对分形在材料科学中的应用作了简要介绍，主要包括：粉体生长中的分形、断裂面的分形、离子注入等非平衡方法产生的分形、表面分形、无机材料中的分形、自旋玻璃中的分形．     

合金的解剖：场离子显微镜原子探针材料分析

场离子显微镜原子探针是进行材料原子尺度微观组织结构分析的极有力工具．应用该技术可研究非常广泛的冶金与半导体问题．本文概要地描述了场离子显微镜原子探针的组成、类型、特性和工作方式；并以马氏体时效钢与高温超导体研究为例，讨论了该种技术在材料科学中的应用．     

核科学百年讲座第一讲 历史性发现及其对人类社会的影响(Ⅰ)

第一讲和第二讲系统地介绍了核科学发展历史，特别是核科学中的历史性发现和重大应用．主要综述核科学的早期发展历史，总体介绍核科学中最基本的重大发现，如放射性、电子、质子、中子、原子核裂变和衰变的发现．介绍人类认识原子和原子核的历史过程，包括与之相关的著名实验和理论．通过介绍核科学的发展和应用，展示了核科学技术对自然科学本身及其对人类社会的深远影响和巨大贡献．     

Status and Prospects of HIRFL Experiments

The research activities at HIRFL cover the fields of radio-biology,material science,atomic physics,and nuclear physics.This report mainly concentrates on the experiments of nuclear physics with the existing and planned experimental setups such as SHANS,RIBLL1,ETF,CSRe and PISA at HIRFL.     

Four decades of nuclear tracks research in India

The science of solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs)—“Trackology”—developed by R.L. Fleischer, P.B. Price and R.M. Walker in the early 1960s of the last century is an interesting and potentially useful concept with something to offer to almost all branches of science and technology. In fact nuclear tracks find applications wherever solid state damage occurs. Apart from the direct applications of far reaching consequences in nuclear physics, other areas as diverse as bio-medical sciences, cosmic rays and space physics, environmental research, geological sciences, material science, microanalysis, mine safety, nuclear technology, uranium prospecting, etc. have been greatly influenced by SSNTDs.

In this presentation, we attempt to provide an overview of the growth of nuclear tracks research in India over the last four decades and the contributions of various groups from Universities, Institutes, Nuclear Track Society of India and the Department of Atomic Energy in nurturing nuclear track research in the country. Finally, a summary of the significant contributions made by Indian scientists is also presented in this paper along with the overall impact it has made at the national and international level in many areas of basic and applied sciences such as cosmic rays and space physics, fusion–fission and particle evaporation, heavy ion ranges and energy-loss measurements, country-wide indoor radon–thoron survey, geochronology, environmental sciences, track-etch membranes and ion tracks technology, material science, physics and chemistry of fission, etc.     

Science with radioactive beams: The alchemist's dream

Nuclear science is being transformed by a new capacity to create beams of radioactive nuclei. Until now all of our knowledge of nuclear physics and the applications which flow from it has been derived from studies of radioactive decay and nuclear reactions induced by beams of the 283 stable or long-lived nuclear species we can find on Earth. Here we describe first how beams of radioactive nuclei can be created. The present status of nuclear physics is then reviewed before potential applications to nuclear physics, nuclear astrophysics, materials science, bio-medical, and environmental studies are described.     

高能核物理实验国际合作研究近期代表性成果

高能核物理实验的主要物理目标是在极端高温度和能量密度条件下研究核物质新形态?夸克-胶子等离子体的产生及演化特性。深入揭示当前物质世界的深层次结构，以及强核力相互作用在高温、高密多粒子体系中的行为、特性。探寻在此极端条件下的新物理现象。本工作概述我国所参与的主要高能核物理实验国际合作研究项目及其物理目标。介绍我国在国际合作研究中所做出的近期代表性成果，以及我国在该领域研究中的新物理探究方面所取得的典型成就。并对高能核物理下一步的研究发展方向做出展望。     

Technical Reports: Time-Resolved Activities at the Advanced Photon Source Requiring the Pulsed Structure of the X-ray Beam

Scientific research in the time domain using the pulsed structure of the X-ray beams from a third-generation synchrotron source, such as the Advanced Photon Source (APS), has become a major interest among synchrotron users. The traditional material science, chemistry, and biology communities are getting an early glimpse of the potential impact of fast time-resolved X-ray studies. The scientific disciplines that have benefited from these studies include atomic and molecular physics, biology, chemical science, condensed matter physics, engineering science, environmental science, material science, and nuclear science. Technically, the turn-key-type femtosecond (fs) optical lasers with high peak power, used as pumps in many X-ray pump-probe experiments, have only recently become available.     

300＃反应堆及其在核技术中的应用

３００~＃反应堆是一座池式研究用反应堆．本文介绍该堆的基本特性、堆上的一些实验装置及其性能;综述了在该堆上所做的中子物理、核物理、核化学和材料科学等方面的工作,以及某些中子辐照产品及其应用的概况． reactor is a pool type of research reactor. In this paper the basic featureof the reactor, and several experimental devices and their properties are introduced. It wassummarized that the experiment and study work is developed on the reactor, such as neutronand nuclear physics, nuclear chemistry, material science, and a few irradiated products byneutron and their applications and so on.     

物理学新技术与生命科学前沿研究

物理学新技术对现代生命科学取得的巨大成就发挥了极其重要的作用；生命科学和医学的需要又促进了物理新技术和仪器的发展。本文介绍了在生命科学一些前沿研究领域中应用物理学新技术取得的成果，并展望了21世纪的发展前景，包括：单分子动力学、结构生物学、纳米技术和生物技术、分子细胞信息学、脑科学和神经信息学。     

Probabilistics: A lost science

For certain methodological and historical reasons, the science of probability (probabilistics) had never been constructed before as a single whole, and it has basically split into probability theory and into statistics. One of the reasons was the neglect of an extremely important methodological principle which reads: It is necessary to distinguish strictly between concrete objects and abstract objects. This principle is displayed and exemplified. Its use has made it possible to discover the basic phenomenon of probalilistics and to construct the science, whose outlines are given. The application of probabilistics to physics gives rise to probabilistic physics, whose particular domains are, among others, both classical statistical physics and quantum physics. The actual meaning of quantum physics becomes quite clear and no artificial interpretation of it proves to be necessary.The paper is based on the talk given by the author at a joint mathematics-physics seminar at the University of Massachusetts (Amherst) on December 2, 1980.     

Frontier applications of electrostatic accelerators

Electrostatic accelerator is a powerflfl tool in many research fields, such as nuclear physics, radiation biology, material science a.rchaeology and earth sciences. Two electrostatic accelerators, one is the single stage Vail de Gi＇aaff with terminal voltage of 4.5 MV and another one is tile EN tamteIn with terminal voltage of 6 MV, were installed in 1980s and had been put into operation since the early 1990s at tile Institute of Heavy Ion Physics. Marly applications have been carried out since then. These two accelerators are described and summaries of the most important applications on neutron physics and technology, radiation biology and material science, as well as accelerator mass spectrometry （AMS） are presented.