化学水浴法制备大面积CdS薄膜及其光伏应用

采用化学水浴法制备了大面积CdS多晶薄膜,研究了薄膜的形貌、结构和光学性质,结果表明,大面积CdS多晶薄膜具有良好的均匀性,通过优化CdS多晶薄膜,制成了不同CdS窗口层厚度的CdTe小面积太阳电池,减薄CdS薄膜可有效提高器件的短路电流,改善器件性能.随后,在面积30cm×40cm的衬底上制备了全面积为993.6cm²的CdTe太阳电池组件,其27个集成单元的电学性质较为均匀,太阳电池组件的光电转换效率8.13%. 关键词： 化学水浴法(CBD) CdS薄膜 CdTe太阳电池 CdTe太阳电池组件     

染料敏化纳米晶薄膜太阳电池

文章介绍了一种新型的太阳电池——染料敏化纳米晶薄膜太阳电池的基本工作原理、目前研究的重点和进展以及应用前景和存在的问题，文章指出，这种新型的太阳电池以其制作简单并且具有进一步提高效率和降低成本的潜在优势，可以成为非晶硅太阳电池的有力竞争者。     

对硅薄膜型太阳电池的一些思考

在当前迅速发展的绿色环保能源中,硅太阳电池一直占据着首要地位.然而晶体硅太阳电池(单晶硅和多晶硅)由于价格昂贵和材料短缺已不能满足绿色能源快速发展的需要.因此,薄膜型太阳电池已经被视为今后发展的主要方向.非晶硅薄膜太阳电池虽然在性能上还具有不少缺点,但随着薄膜沉积技术的改进以及膜本身质量的不断提高,它在太阳电池领域中仍占有一席之地.多晶硅薄膜太阳电池集晶体硅与非晶硅电池的优点为一体,也受到人们的关注.然而,后起之秀纳米硅薄膜太阳电池,依靠其本身的优越性以及当前纳米技术的进展,将会成为一个新的亮点.     

染料敏化纳米ZnO薄膜太阳电池机理初探

讨论利用ZnO代替TiO2作为光阳极制作染料敏化薄膜太阳电池的可行性.使用LSV法，IR光谱和UV-vis光谱探讨了电池的工作机理和性能，并与染料敏化纳米TiO2薄膜太阳电池作了比较.结果发现ZnO薄膜表面与染料的吸附键合力太弱是导致ZnO太阳电池效率低下的主要原因. 关键词： 纳米ZnO 太阳电池 染料敏化 量子效率     

制膜工艺对聚合物太阳电池性能影响的研究

用渡越时间法（TOF）分别测试了采用旋涂和滴涂方法制备的poly［2-methoxy-5-（2′-ethylhexyloxy）-1,4- phenylenevinylene］（MEH-PPV）薄膜的空穴迁移率,用原子力显微镜对这两种方法制备的薄膜表面形貌进行了研究.结果表明使用滴涂法有利于聚合物形成有序薄膜结构,能有效提高空穴迁移率.用滴涂法制备的基于MEH-PPV：phenyl C61- butyric acid methyl ester（PCBM）共混薄膜的太阳电池,对比用旋涂法制备的太阳电池,其能量 关键词： 太阳电池 聚合物 迁移率     

基于氧化镍背接触缓冲层碲化镉薄膜太阳电池的研究

采用电子束蒸发法制备了NiO薄膜,并对其作为碲化镉薄膜太阳电池背接触缓冲层材料进行了相关研究.NiO缓冲层的加入使得碲化镉太阳电池开路电压显著增大.通过X射线光电子能谱测试得到的NiO/CdTe界面能带图表明NiO和CdTe的能带匹配度很好.NiO是宽禁带P型半导体材料,在电池背接触处形成背场,减少了电子在背表面处的复合,从而提高电池开路电压.通过优化NiO薄膜厚度,制备得到转换效率为12.2%、开路电压为789 mV的碲化镉太阳电池.研究证实NiO是用来制备高转换效率、高稳定性碲化镉薄膜太阳电池的一种极有前景的缓冲层材料.     

单室沉积非晶硅/非晶硅/微晶硅三叠层太阳电池的研究

在产业化比较成熟的单室沉积非晶硅薄膜太阳电池基础上,进行了非晶硅/非晶硅/微晶硅三叠层太阳电池性能优化的研究.在生产线上纯单室沉积的非晶硅/非晶硅叠层太阳电池基础上,通过调节n-p隧穿结并采用自行研制开发的单室微晶硅底电池的沉积路线,获得了单室沉积的光电转换效率达到9.52%的非晶硅/非晶硅/微晶硅三叠层太阳电池. 关键词： 硅基薄膜太阳电池 三叠层 微晶硅     

高效平面异质结有机-无机杂化钙钛矿太阳电池的质量管理

基于有机-无机杂化钙钛矿材料的太阳电池具有能量转换效率高和制备工艺简单等优点,引起了学术界的高度关注.其中平面异质结结构太阳电池具有结构简单,可与其他类型电池相兼容以构筑叠层电池设计,以及可低温制备等诸多优点,成为当前的一个重要研究方向.然而,电池性能的优劣与钙钛矿薄膜质量的高低有着直接的联系.本文对钙钛矿材料的特性、一步溶液法制备薄膜的成核-生长机理、电池结构的演变等进行了概述,其中重点介绍了高质量钙钛矿薄膜溶液法制备过程的一些最新的质量控制方法;最后对钙钛矿太阳电池的发展及存在问题进行了总结和展望,为今后的研究提供参考.     

非晶硅锗电池性能的调控研究

采用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术, 研究了非晶硅锗薄膜太阳电池. 针对非晶硅锗薄膜材料的本身特性, 通过调控硅锗合金中硅锗的比例, 实现了对硅锗薄膜太阳电池中开路电压和短路电流密度的分别控制. 借助于本征层硅锗材料帯隙梯度的设计, 获得了可有效用于多结叠层电池中的非晶硅锗电池. 关键词： 非晶硅锗薄膜太阳电池 短路电流密度 开路电压 带隙梯度     

柔性衬底非晶硅薄膜太阳电池界面处理的研究

通过实验和模拟计算对比分析了i/p界面过渡层对太阳电池性能的影响．结合具体实验工艺参数,模拟计算了不同带隙和缺陷态密度的过渡层对太阳电池的影响,同时结合实验情况重现了宽带隙高缺陷态密度过渡层对太阳电池的损伤,为实验结果提供了理论依据．通过优化调整i/p界面过渡层的制备方法得到了转换效率为7.09%的聚酰亚胺衬底非晶硅薄膜太阳电池． 关键词： 柔性衬底 太阳电池 AMPS 模拟计算     

Thin Film Deposition Methods for CuInSe 2 Solar Cells

CuInSe₂ and its alloys with Ga and/or S are among the most promising absorber materials for thin film solar cells. CuInSe₂-based solar cells have shown long-term stability and the highest conversion efficiencies of all thin film solar cells, above 19%. Solar cells based on these materials are also very stable, thus allowing long operational lifetimes. The preparation of a thin film solar cell is a multistage process where every step affects the resulting cell performance and the production cost. CuInSe₂ and other Cu chalcopyrites can be prepared by a variety of methods, ranging from physical vapor deposition methods such as evaporation and sputtering to low-temperature liquid phase methods such as electrodeposition. The present review discusses first the concept and operation principle of thin film solar cells, as well as the most important thin film solar cell materials. Next, the properties of CuInSe₂ and related compounds, as well as features of solar cells made thereof are reviewed. The last part of the text deals with deposition methods used for the preparation of CuInSe₂ and Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ thin film absorbers and solar cells. Although the emphasis here is on absorber preparation methods, buffer and conducting oxide preparation are discussed as well.     

CdTe薄膜太阳电池背接触的研究

用近空间升华法制备了CdTe多晶薄膜，用硝酸-磷酸(NP)混合液对薄膜表面进行了腐蚀.经SEM观测，腐蚀后的CdTe薄膜晶界变宽，XRD测试发现，经NP腐蚀后，在CdTe薄膜表面生成了一层高电导的富Te层.在腐蚀后的CdTe薄膜上分别制备了Cu，Cu/ZnTe：Cu，ZnTe：Cu，ZnTe/ZnTe：Cu四种背接触层，比较了它们对太阳电池性能的影响.结果表明，用ZnTe/ZnTe：Cu复合层作为背接触层的效果较好，获得了面积为0.5cm²，转换效率为13.38%的CdTe多晶薄膜太 关键词： 硝磷酸腐蚀 背接触层 CdTe太阳电池     

Enhanced optical absorption by Ag nanoparticles in a thin film Si solar cell

Thin film solar cells have the potential to significantly reduce the cost of photovoltaics. Light trapping is crucial to such a thin film silicon solar cell because of a low absorption coefficient due to its indirect band gap. In this paper, we investigate the suitability of surface plasmon resonance Ag nanoparticles for enhancing optical absorption in the thin film solar cell. For evaluating the transmittance capability of Ag nanoparticles and the conventional antireflection film, an enhanced transmittance factor is introduced. We find that under the solar spectrum AM1.5, the transmittance of Ag nanoparticles with radius over 160 nm is equivalent to that of conventional textured antireflection film, and its effect is better than that of the planar antireflection film. The influence of the surrounding medium is also discussed.     

硅薄膜太阳能电池研究的进展

从制备方法、材料和结构的观点出发,概述非晶硅（a-Si)和多晶硅（poly-Si)薄膜太阳能电池研究的进展。对非晶硅特别是对多晶硅薄膜太阳能电池研究的重要结果进行了讨论。阐述非晶硅太阳能电池的各种应用,并对其光电系统进行介绍。对太阳能电池新产品如太阳能电池屋顶瓦及超轻灵活的太阳能电池的开发也作了简介。对由太阳能电池提供动力的空调设备作了叙述。讨论所得出的创新方案。     

Efficient nanocoax‐based solar cells

The power conversion efficiency of most thin film solar cells is compromised by competing optical and electronic constraints, wherein a cell must be thick enough to collect light yet thin enough to efficiently extract current. Here, we introduce a nanoscale solar architecture inspired by a well‐known radio technology concept, the coaxial cable, that naturally resolves this “thick–thin” conundrum. Optically thick and elec‐ tronically thin amorphous silicon “nanocoax” cells are in the range of 8% efficiency, higher than any nanostructured thin film solar cell to date. Moreover, the thin nature of the cells reduces the Staebler–Wronski light‐induced degradation effect, a major problem with conventional solar cells of this type. This nanocoax represents a new platform for low cost, high efficiency solar power. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Low-temperature-processed ZnO thin films as electron transporting layer to achieve stable perovskite solar cells

Morphology and surface property of ZnO thin films as electron transporting layer in perovskite solar cells are crucial for obtaining high-efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. In this work, two different preparation methods of ZnO thin films were carried out and the photovoltaic performances of the subsequent perovskite solar cells were investigated. ZnO thin film prepared by sol–gel method was homogenous but provided high series resistance in solar cells, leading to low short circuit current density. Lower series resistance of solar cell was obtained from homogeneous ZnO thin film from spin-coating of colloidal ZnO nanoparticles (synthesized by hydrolysis–condensation) in a mixture of 1-butanol, chloroform and methanol. The perovskite solar cells using this film achieved the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.79% when poly(3-hexylthiophene) was used as a hole transporting layer. In addition, the stability of perovskite solar cells was also examined by measuring the photovoltaic characteristic for six consecutive weeks with the interval of 2 weeks. It was found that using double layers of the sol–gel ZnO and ZnO nanoparticles provided better stability with no degradation of PCE in 10 weeks. Therefore, this work provides a simple method for preparing homogeneous ZnO thin films in order to achieve stable perovskite solar cells, also for controlling their surface properties which help better understand the characteristics of perovskite solar cells.     

Photovoltaic cells technology: principles and recent developments

Solar energy is one of the renewable energy resources that can be changed to the electrical energy with photovoltaic cells. This article accomplishes a comprehensive review on the emersion, underlying principles, types and performance improvements of these cells. Although there are some different categorizations about the solar cells, but in general, all of them can be divided to crystalline silicon solar cells, thin film technology, III–V multijunction cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, polymer solar cells and quantum structured solar cells. Thin film technology is investigated in two non-crystalline silicon solar cells and chalcogenide cells. We present a complete categorization of solar cells and discuss the recent developments of different types of solar cells. Indeed, this paper covers almost all of the development processes of solar cells from their emersion in 1939 up to now. Also, due to substantial effects of the light trapping techniques on the improvements of the solar cells, a comprehensive study has been carried out.     

Cu2ZnSn(S1–xSex)4 thin film solar cells prepared by water‐based solution process

The kesterite Cu₂ZnSn(S_1–xSe_x)₄ (CZTSSe) thin film solar cell has been developed rapidly due to its excellence in structural and optical properties and its abundance in raw materials. Both vacuum‐based and solution‐based methods have been successfully employed to fabricate CZTSSe thin film solar cells. In this Letter, we report an environmentally friendly, water‐based, solution process for fabrication of high‐efficiency CZTSSe thin film solar cells. High quality CZTSSe thin film is obtained by selenization under high temperature and Se vapor. An efficiency of 6.2% is achieved on CZTSSe thin film solar cell fabricated by such water‐based solution process. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)