共振光散射技术测定核酸的研究进展

核酸分析是生命科学研究中最重要的技术之一。目前主要是应用核酸内源紫外吸收光谱的紫外分光光度法和基于荧光探针分子与核酸相互作用的荧光分光光度法。紫外分光光度法灵敏度低 ,荧光分光光度法试剂昂贵 ,有毒性。近年来 ,共振光散射技术在核酸分析中的应用得到了迅速的发展。核酸的共振光散射分析方法可以用普通的荧光分光光度计进行测定 ,应用安全、便宜的试剂获得很高的灵敏度。简要介绍了共振光散射分析的基本原理 ,并对近年来利用共振光散射技术分析核酸的研究进行了评述。内容主要包括利用有机染料分子作为核酸的共振光散射探针的分析方法 ;基于阳离子表面活性剂、金属离子及其络合物以及药物与核酸相互作用的分析方法 ;核酸形成大粒子的散射分析方法。     

纯铝中微量镧铈镨钕的ICP-AES法测定

铝中稀土总量的测定一般采用分光光度法,方法简单、快速,准确度较高。而纯铝中稀土分量的测定报导较少,曾有采用发射光谱分析。用ICP-AES法测定合金、混合稀土中单一稀土已有不少报导。本文在上述工作的基础上针对纯铝试样进行了试验。选择了最佳激发条件,     

环境样品中痕量铝的现代光度分析研究新进展

论文综述和评论了近年来环境样品中痕量铝的光度分析研究新进展。重点论述了现代光度分析法测定环境样品中铝的研究新进展 ,内容包括 :胶束增溶分光光度法、双波长分光光度法、导数分光光度法、催化光度法、固相光度法、流动注射光度法。对普通光度法和胶束增溶光度法的反应体系、测定条件、摩尔吸收系数 (ε)或检出限、线性范围及其应用进行了归纳总结 ,评述了各种光度法测定的优劣 ,展望了光度法测定痕量铝的发展前景     

光度法测定松脂中的铝

研究了用铝试剂,乙酸－乙酸铵缓冲溶液组织的体系以及光度法测定松脂微量铝的条件,提出了一种灵敏度、选择性与稳定性较好的测定松脂中铝的方法,在０－５０μｇ／５０ｍＬ范围内服从比耳定律。     

用AAS研究胡椒基荧光酮与铝的显色反应

用原子吸收分光光度对胡椒基荧光酮与铝的显色反应条件进行了研究,并对铝壶水中的铝的含量进行了测定,获得了令人满意的结果。     

Al-Ferron逐时络合比色光度法测定聚合铝溶液中Ala,Alb和Alc三种铝形态的时间界限研究

Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法是研究聚合铝溶液中铝的形态分布及其转化规律的基本方法。但在具体操作过程中,由于Ala,Alb和Alc三种铝形态时间界限划分的随意性和武断性,使得许多实验结果难以重复。造成这种差别的原因主要是因为这三种铝形态的具体组分与Ferron反应时具有不同的反应机理和动力学,同时也由于不同OH／Al摩尔比的Alb具体形态之间与Ferron反应时的动力学反应速率存在差异。章应用ExpAssoc分布对Al-Ferron逐时络合动力学曲线进行了定量模拟,用外推法求得了实验手工操作中难以获取的1min单核铝测定值Ala,以实验曲线达到水平平台作为Alb和Alc的时间界限,用微波消解技术快速测定了聚合铝的总铝Alr浓度。借助于这些方法,我们可以方便地定量计算单核铝Ala聚合铝Alb和凝胶Alc含量,从而为克服以往测定三种铝形态的随意性、武断性以及Ala和Alb的重叠计算等问题提供了一种新方法。     

儿童膨化食品中痕量铝的胶束增敏荧光光度法测定

本文采用了铝－8－羟基喹啉－5－磺酸（H2QS）－十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTMAB）胶束增敏体系，用荧光光度法对7种儿童膨化食品中痕量铝进行了测定，同时对样品的测定条件和消化处理进行了较详细的研究。方法简单、快速、灵敏度高，测定结果令人满意。     

花生中黄酮的荧光分光光度法测定

研究了花生中黄酮的荧光分光光度法测定条件,用芦丁为标准样品,在荧光激发波长λex=265nm,发射波长λem=331nm处测定了花生中黄酮的含量,回归方程为y=5.0775x＋46.716,相关系数r=0.9994,精密度（RSD）为0.28%（n=5）,加标回收率为93.75%—115.00%,该方法用于测定花生中黄酮的含量结果准确。     

荧光光度法测定抗生素氧氟沙星

本文报道了采用荧光分光光度法测定喹喏酮类抗生素氧氟沙星,该方法有较高的灵敏度,在氧氟沙星浓度为０．５００ｐｐｍ至２５．０ｐｐｍ间,荧光强度与浓度有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为０．９９９９,回收率为９９．０％测定结果与紫外分光光度法测量结构无显著性差异。     

微波消解-FAAS法测定大鼠肝脏中的微量元素

研究了采用微波消解样品,利用火焰原子吸收分光光度法(FAAS)测定了大鼠肝脏中的钙、锌、铜、镁、铁。考察了微波消解条件对分析结果的影响,同时选择了火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定的最佳条件。实验结果表明,与传统的湿法消解样品相比,该方法操作简便、快速、样品消解完全,空白值低,选择性好,准确度和精确度都能满足分析要求。利用该法对大鼠肝脏中的微量元素进行了分析,测定结果令人满意。方法回收率在96%～103%,相对标准偏差为1.0%～2.6%。     

明矾炮制前后半夏中铝形态分析

通过中药传统煎煮和超声提取两种方法获取生半夏和清半夏水提液,采用下列三步分析水提液中各种铝形态:用0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤,部分滤液通过732Na型阳离子交换树脂,另一部分滤液与8-羟基喹啉反应.石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定总铝及各形态铝含量.结果显示,生半夏中铝总量11.20μg/g,清半夏则高达3.253mg/g.生半...     

Chemical Determination of Uranium in Natural Waters with DBM by the Adsorption of U(VI) on Fe(OH)3

The feasibility of determining uranium in natural waters for uranium exploration using dibenzoil methane (DBM) by the adsorption of U(VI) on ferric hydroxide, was investigated. The yields of coprecipitation were determined by a Scintrex UA-3 laser fluorimetric uranium analyser using standard uranium solutions. After dissolving the coprecipitate, uranium was selectively separated by carbonate precipitation and determined with DBM. Fe(OH)₃ - DBM method was controlled using both standard solutions and uranium analyser measurements of some natural water samples taken from Northern Ege Region where detailed radiometric investigation has been going on. The advantage of this method     

Measurements of radon concentration in drinking water samples from Kastamonu (Turkey)

Concentration of (222)Rn was determined in selected natural spring and tap water samples collected during spring and summer seasons from Kastamonu, Turkey. The aim of this work was to produce a map of the radon concentrations in water sources of the province and to determine any potential radiological risk for the local population. Radon measurements were performed by an AlphaGUARD radon gas analyser. The average radon concentrations were found to vary from 0.39±0.02 to 12.73±0.39?Bq?l(-1) for natural springs and from 0.36±0.04 to 9.29±0.45?Bq?l(-1) for tap water in spring, from 0.50±0.09 to 19.21±1.00?Bq?l(-1) for natural springs and from 0.31±0.03 to 13.14±0.38?Bq?l(-1) for tap water in summer. Furthermore, the results are compared with international recommendations and concentrations reported for other countries. Doses resulting from the consumption of these waters were calculated. The effective dose equivalents due to the intake of the (222)Rn present in these waters are expected to range from 0.93 to 32.54?μSv?y(-1) in summer and from 0.80 to 49.09?μSv?y(-1) in spring.     

Sub‐ppm determination of Hg and Cr in water: Cr speciation

A sensitive and alternative analytical procedure for the determination of chromium and mercury content in natural waters by coprecipitation with APDC and determination using an absolute thin layer EDXRF method is described. The use of ¹⁰⁹Cd and ²³⁸Pu annular radioisotope sources, the influence of the chromium oxidation states and the elemental concentration were studied. At pH 4, 100% recovery was found for mercury. The coprecipitation of Cr(VI) was not quantitative (75%) but constant for the selected concentration range (5–100 µg/l). On the other hand, Cr(III) did not precipitate at the same pH. The relative standard deviations (RSD) were lower than 9.0% for mercury (10 µg/l) and 5.0% for chromium (50 µg/l). The detection limits (DLs) for mercury and chromium were 0.4 and 0.6 µg/l when the ²³⁸Pu source was employed. Nevertheless, higher DL values were achieved using ¹⁰⁹Cd (0.6 and 3.3 µg/l). The proposed method was applied to the analysis of surface water samples. An alternative and simple chromium speciation procedure without chemical separation of Cr species is recommended. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Study of factors affecting the results of natural water analyses by total reflection X‐ray fluorescence

The study aims to choose the conditions for the direct analysis of different types of natural water samples by total reflection X‐Ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF). The effect of some factors on TXRF results was studied such as the surface density of dried water residue on the sample carrier, the dilution ratio of high‐mineralized samples with ultrapure water and the solution of the detergent Triton X‐100, the salt contents, the internal standard concentration, and repeated pipetting of an aliquot of fresh water. The influence of self‐absorption phenomena on quantification results was demonstrated by using brine samples. The TXRF results for natural waters of varying salinity (brines, fresh waters, and ground waters) and model solutions are presented. For a number of analytes, the data obtained by TXRF were compared to those obtained by ‘wet’ chemistry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

X射线荧光光谱法测定烧结锰矿中的主次量成分

采用四硼酸锂和偏硼酸锂混合熔剂熔融法制样,X射线荧光光谱法测定了烧结锰矿中的MnO、Fe2O3、SiO2、Al2O3、TiO2、CaO、MgO、SO3和P2O59个主次量成分。以12个锰矿石标准样品建立校准曲线,用理论α系数法校正基体效应。测定烧结锰矿样品各成分的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)在0.26%—3.94%之间。用实际样品验证,测定结果与化学方法的测定值相符。与化学法相比,该方法具有快速、简便、精密度好和准确度高等优点。     

双波长双峰值比光度法测定三元配合物组成比的研究--Al3+-CAS-CTMAB体系的组成比

采用双波长双峰值比的新方法,对三元配合物Al-CAS-CTMAB体系的组成比的测定进行了研究.首先用该法确定二元配合物的组成比Al:CAS为1:2,再以Al-CAS为参比(作显色剂),测定三元配合物Al-CAS-CTMAB中的CAS与CTMAB(或Al与CTMAB)之比为1:1(1:2),所以Al:CAS:CTMAB为1:2:2.与传统方法测定值一致,获得了满意的结果.进一步拓宽了计算公式的适用范围,确立了测定三元配合物组成比的新方法.其中CAS为络天青S(Chromeazurols).     

氢氧化铝共沉淀浮选石墨炉原子吸收测水中铬（Ⅲ）与铬（Ⅵ）

本文了研究了氢氧化铝共沉淀浮选，石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定天然地表水和饮用水中痕量Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）的方法。     

Mössbauer characterization of iron oxides and (oxy)hydroxides: the present state of the art

Mössbauer spectroscopy is a powerful direct technique for the identification and quantification of iron oxides and (oxy)hydroxides in soils and sediments. However, further characterization with respect to structural properties such as crystallinity, Al substitution, stoichiometry, water content, etc. is rather limited. With some examples of synthetic and natural goethite and hematite sample series it is illustrated that the hyperfine parameters depend on much more structural features than the Al content and crystallinity alone. Neither the Morin transition in hematite nor the Verwey transition in magnetite is directly applicable for analytical purposes in natural samples.